| 1. |
- Flockhart, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Glucosinolate-rich broccoli sprouts protect against oxidative stress and improve adaptations to intense exercise training.
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Redox Biology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-2317. ; 67
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxidative stress plays a vital role for the adaptive responses to physical training. However, excessive oxidative stress can precipitate cellular damage, necessitating protective mechanisms to mitigate this effect. Glucosinolates, found predominantly in cruciferous vegetables, can be converted into isothiocyanates, known for their antioxidative properties. These compounds activate crucial antioxidant defence pathways and support mitochondrial function and protein integrity under oxidative stress, in both Nrf2-dependent and independent manners. We here administered glucosinolate-rich broccoli sprouts (GRS), in a randomized double-blinded cross-over fashion to 9 healthy subjects in combination with daily intense exercise training for 7 days. We found that exercise in combination with GRS significantly decreased the levels of carbonylated proteins in skeletal muscle and the release of myeloperoxidase into blood. Moreover, it lowered lactate accumulation during submaximal exercise, and attenuated the severe nocturnal hypoglycaemic episodes seen during the placebo condition. Furthermore, GRS in combination with exercise improved physical performance, which was unchanged in the placebo condition.
|
|
| 2. |
- Holmlund, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
-
Energy expenditure in people with motor-complete paraplegia.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Spinal Cord. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1362-4393 .- 1476-5624. ; 55:8, s. 774-781
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY DESIGN: The present descriptive clinical and laboratory study is cross-sectional in design.OBJECTIVES: The primary aim is to describe and compare resting energy expenditure (REE) and energy expenditure (EE) during different standardized sedentary, non-exercise and exercise activities in people with motor-complete paraplegia (Th7 to Th12.). A secondary aim was to compare men and women.METHODS: Thirty-eight adults (10 women) with SCI, T7-T12 AIS A-B, were recruited. All the data were collected through indirect calorimetry. REE was measured in supine for 30 min after 8 h of overnight fasting. Activity energy expenditure (AEE) for activities was measured for seven minutes during sedentary, non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) and exercise activities.RESULTS: AEE increased four to eight times when engaging in NEPA compared to that in sedentary activities. Men had significantly higher resting oxygen uptake compared to women, 0.19 vs 0.15 l min(-1) (P=0.005), REE per 24 h, 1286 vs 1030 kcal (P=0.003) and EE during weight-bearing activities. However, these became nonsignificant after adjustment for body weight and speed of movement, with a mean resting oxygen uptake of 2.47 ml O2 per kg min(-1) for the whole group (women 2.43 and men 2.57 ml O2 kg(-1) min(-1), P=0.49).CONCLUSIONS: NEPA increases AEE up to eight times compared to sedentary activities. Gender differences in oxygen uptake during both rest and weight-bearing activities were diminished after adjustment for body weight. The mean resting oxygen uptake for the whole group was 2.47 ml O2 kg(-1) min(-1). These results highlight the importance, especially of NEPA, for increasing total daily EE in the target population.
|
|
| 3. |
- Nilsson, Johnny E, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of 20-s and 180-s double poling interval training in cross-country skiers
- 2004
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 92:1/2, s. 121-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of upper body 20-s or 180-s interval training, using a double poling ergometer, on upper body power output and selected physiological and biomechanical parameters in cross-country skiers. Twenty (12 male, 8 female) well-trained cross-country skiers took part. Two intervention groups, a 20-s interval training group (IT20; n=6) and a 180-s interval training group (IT180; n=7), underwent training three times a week for 6 weeks on a double poling ergometer. A third group served as a control (CON; n=7) and followed the same training program as the IT20 and IT180 groups without the double poling ergometer interval training. The IT20 and IT180 groups significantly (P<0.05) increased both peak and mean power in a 30-s test and mean power in a 6-min test after double poling training. There was a significant improvement in work efficiency in both IT20 and IT180 (P<0.05) and, in IT180, a significant reduction (P<0.05) in blood lactate concentration at given sub-maximal workloads. VO(2peak) increased significantly during double poling in IT180 ( P<0.05) only. VO(2max) did not change significantly in either group. There were no significant changes in any of the test variables in CON. In conclusion, this study shows that 6 weeks of 20-s or 180-s double poling interval training, three times a week, significantly increases power output in both 30-s and 6-min tests, as well as in selected physiological and biomechanical parameters in well-trained cross-country skiers.
|
|
| 4. |
- Nilsson, Johnny E, et al.
(författare)
-
New Devices for Measuring Forces on the Kayak Foot-Bar and on the Seat During Flat-Water Kayak Paddling : a technical report.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. - : Human Kinetics. - 1555-0265 .- 1555-0273. ; 9:2, s. 365-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to develop and validate portable force-measurement devices for recordings of push and pull forces applied by each foot to the foot-bar of a kayak, and the horizontal force at the seat. A foot-plate on a single-point force transducer mounted on the kayak foot-bar underneath each foot allowed the push and pull forces to be recorded. Two metal frames interconnected with four linear ball-bearings and a force transducer allowed recording of horizontal seat force. The foot-bar force device was calibrated by loading each foot plate with weights in the push pull direction perpendicular to the foot plate surface while the seat force device was calibrated to horizontal forces with and without weights on the seat. A strong linearity (r2=0.99-1.0) was found between transducer output signal and load force in the push and pull directions for both foot-bar transducers perpendicular to the foot plate and the seat-force measuring device. Reliability of both devices was tested by means of a test-retest design. The coefficient of variation (CV) for foot-bar push and pull forces ranged from 0.1 to 1.1% and the CV for the seat forces varied between 0.6 - 2.2%. The present study opens up for new investigations of the forces generated within the kayak and ways to optimize kayak paddling performance.
|
|
