| 1. |
- Olsson, M E, et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidants, low molecular weight carbohydrates, and total antioxidant capacity in strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa): Effects of cultivar, ripening, and storage
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 52:9, s. 2490-2498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four cultivars of strawberries (Senga Sengana, BFr77111, Elsanta, and Honeoye) were studied for their content of antioxidants, total antioxidant capacity, and low molecular weight carbohydrates in relation to harvest year, ripening stage, and cold storage. For ascorbic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, and total antioxidative capacity, measured in both water-soluble and water-insoluble extracts, there was a 2-5-fold variation among cultivars. Unripe berries contained lower concentrations of chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid and also quercetin and kaempferol compared with riper berries. During cold storage for up to 3 days, relatively few changes in the concentration of the different antioxidants occurred. The concentrations of several investigated parameters were interrelated, for example, for ascorbic acid and water-soluble antioxidant capacity and for ellagic acid and water-insoluble antioxidant capacity. The dominating sugars in strawberries were fructose and glucose, but considerable amounts of sucrose were also present, and their contents varied among cultivars, giving a predicted glycemic index of similar to81. Verbascose, raffinose, and stachyose were found in only minor amounts. The study shows that the concentration of a number of bioactive compounds in strawberries varied according to cultivar, ripening stage, and storage. This information should make it possible to select strawberries with an optimal content of bioactive compounds.
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| 2. |
- Aspeborg, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in the secondary cell wall biogenesis in hybrid aspen
- 2005
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Ingår i: Plant Physiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-0889 .- 1532-2548. ; 137:3, s. 983-997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood formation is a fundamental biological process with significant economic interest. While lignin biosynthesis is currently relatively well understood, the pathways leading to the synthesis of the key structural carbohydrates in wood fibers remain obscure. We have used a functional genomics approach to identify enzymes involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis and remodeling during xylem development in the hybrid aspen Populus tremula x tremuloides. Microarrays containing cDNA clones from different tissue-specific libraries were hybridized with probes obtained from narrow tissue sections prepared by cryosectioning of the developing xylem. Bioinformatic analyses using the sensitive tools developed for carbohydrate-active enzymes allowed the identification of 25 xylem-specific glycosyltransferases belonging to the Carbohydrate-Active EnZYme families GT2, GT8, GT14, GT31, GT43, GT47, and GT61 and nine glycosidases (or transglycosidases) belonging to the Carbohydrate-Active EnZYme families GH9, GH10, GH16, GH17, GH19, GH28, GH35, and GH51. While no genes encoding either polysaccharide lyases or carbohydrate esterases were found among the secondary wall-specific genes, one putative O-acetyltransferase was identified. These wood-specific enzyme genes constitute a valuable resource for future development of engineered fibers with improved performance in different applications.
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| 3. |
- Wernersson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Age-related enlargement of lymphoid tissue and altered leukocyte composition in serglycin-deficient mice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Leukocyte Biology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0741-5400 .- 1938-3673. ; 85:3, s. 401-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serglycin (SG) is a proteoglycan that is located predominantly in the secretory granules of hematopoietic cells. Previous studies have established a crucial role for SG in promoting the storage of various secretory granule compounds that are of importance in the immune defense system. Here, we show that mice lacking SG spontaneously develop enlargement of multiple lymphoid organs, including the spleen, Peyer's patches (PP), and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue. In the spleen, the lack of SG resulted in a significant decrease in the proportion of CD4(+) cells as well as an increase of the CD45RC(+) leukocyte population, indicating an expansion of naïve lymphocytes. In the PP, the lack of SG resulted in a general increase in cellularity, without significant alterations in the proportion of individual leukocyte populations. The enlargement of lymphoid tissues was not accompanied by increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines. The number of mast cells in the peritoneum was not affected by the lack of SG, as judged by surface staining for CD117 (c-kit). However, the intensity of c-kit staining was reduced significantly in SG null animals. Moreover, the number of peritoneal macrophages, defined by morphological criteria and by CD11b staining, was decreased markedly in older, SG-deficient animals. Finally, experiments in which airway inflammation was induced by bacterial LPS revealed a more pronounced inflammatory response in old, SG-deficient as compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, our data show that SG deficiency causes multiple, age-related effects on the lymphoid system.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Activity and heart rate in semi-domesticated reindeer during adaptation to emergency feeding
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 88:1-2, s. 116-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although reindeer are well adapted to limited food resources during winter, semi-domesticated reindeer are regularly fed when snow conditions are bad in order to prevent starvation. Feeding sometimes results in health problems and loss of animals. This study was made to assess if activity pattern in reindeer could be used as a tool for the reindeer herder in early detection of animals that are not adapting to feeding. The frequency of 10 behavioural categories was recorded in five groups of penned, eight-month-old, female semi-domesticated reindeer. Three reindeer per group were fitted with heart rate monitors. Lying was the most frequent behaviour, whilst there were few cases of agonistic behaviour. Heart rate varied during the day, with peaks during feeding and low heart rates in the early morning. Restricted feed intake resulted in more locomotion and seeking but less ruminating compared to feeding ad libitum. This was followed by a generally lower heart rate in reindeer in the restricted groups compared to controls. Subsequent feeding with different combinations of lichens, silage and pellets ad libitum resulted initially in significantly more of the animals lying curled up, compared to controls, combined with increased heart rates. As the experiment continued the general activity pattern, as well as the heart rate, gradually became more similar in all groups. Lying curled was the behavioural indicator most consistently affected by feed deprivation and adaptation to feeding and may thus be a useful indicator to distinguish individual reindeer that are not adjusting to feeding.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson-Gunneras, S., et al.
(författare)
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Biosynthesis of cellulose-enriched tension wood in Populus : global analysis of transcripts and metabolites identifies biochemical and developmental regulators in secondary wall biosynthesis
- 2006
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Ingår i: The Plant Journal. - Malden : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 45:2, s. 144-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stems and branches of angiosperm trees form tension wood (TW) when exposed to a gravitational stimulus. One of the main characteristics of TW, which distinguishes it from normal wood, is the formation of fibers with a thick inner gelatinous cell wall layer mainly composed of crystalline cellulose. Hence TW is enriched in cellulose, and deficient in lignin and hemicelluloses. An expressed sequence tag library made from TW-forming tissues in Populus tremula (L.) x tremuloides (Michx.) and data from transcript profiling using microarray and metabolite analysis were obtained during TW formation in Populus tremula (L.) in two growing seasons. The data were examined with the aim of identifying the genes responsible for the change in carbon
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| 7. |
- Bishop, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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The Effects of Forestry on Hg Bioaccumulation in Nemoral/Boreal Waters and Recommendations for Good Silvicultural Practice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 38:7, s. 373-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mercury (Hg) levels are alarmingly high in fish from lakes across Fennoscandia and northern North America. The few published studies on the ways in which silviculture practices influence this problem indicate that forest operations increase Hg in downstream aquatic ecosystems. From these studies, we estimate that between one-tenth and one-quarter of the Hg in the fish of high-latitude, managed forest landscapes can be attributed to harvesting. Forestry, however, did not create the elevated Hg levels in the soils, and waterborne Hg/MeHg concentrations downstream from harvested areas are similar to those from wetlands. Given the current understanding of the way in which silviculture impacts Hg cycling, most of the recommendations for good forest practice in Sweden appear to be appropriate for high-latitude regions, e.g., leaving riparian buffer zones, as well as reducing disturbance at stream crossings and in moist areas. The recommendation to restore wetlands and reduce drainage, however, will likely increase Hg/MeHg loadings to aquatic ecosystems
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| 8. |
- Xiong, Shaojun, et al.
(författare)
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Responses of riparian plants to accumulation of silt and plant litter : the importance of plant traits
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Vegetation Science. - 1100-9233 .- 1654-1103. ; 12, s. 481-490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 2-yr field experiment was used to determine the response of riparian plants to accumulation of litter or silt in a river flood-plain meadow in northern Sweden. Such disturbances occur regularly in free-flowing rivers but are likely to change as a result of global changes in land use or climate. We anticipated that plants with different traits would differ in their response to litter and silt accumulation. We quantified plant response as relative change in above-ground biomass, and regressed it on either litter mass or silt depth, and on plant traits such as lateral spread, plant height, relative growth rate, seed mass and seed persistence in soil. The relative changes in riparian plant biomass following litter or silt accumulation were negatively related to litter mass and silt depth, and positively related to most examined plant traits Such as seed mass. seed persistence and lateral spread. The vegetation recovery in the second season was largely determined by plant traits; litter or silt accumulation had no significant effect. Litter accumulation selected for large-seeded species, but silt accumulation selected for species with strong ability of lateral spread. Seed persistence was a useful variable in predicting species recovery from both litter and silt accumulation. Plant height was negatively related to plant recovery, but relative growth rate was not significantly related to relative change in plant biomass after silt or litter accumulation. Our results imply that plant traits are important variables to consider for predicting the responses of riparian vegetation to deposition of organic and inorganic matter.
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