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| 2. |
- Clark, C, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological restoration, coping strategies and children’s cognitive performance in the RANCH study : Paper 090.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Inter-Noise 2006.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The RANCH study found a linear exposure effect association between chronic aircraft noise exposure at primary school and the impairment of children’s reading comprehension, in the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. This paper presents multilevel modelling analyses, exploring psychological mechanisms, which may moderate the effect of aircraft noise on children’s cognition. Psychological restoration – the process whereby places which afford tranquillity and relaxation are utilized to reduce stress and promote well being – has been shown to reduce the adverse effect of noise on children’s annoyance responses. This paper examines whether having places for psychological restoration at home, moderates the adverse effects of chronic aircraft noise exposure at school on children’s cognition. In addition, the effectiveness of coping strategies in relation to noise exposure at school are examined – are specific coping strategies associated with less impairment of cognition?
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| 3. |
- van Kempen, Elise E.M.M., et al.
(författare)
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Children's annoyance reactions to aircraft and road traffic noise
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 125:2, s. 895-904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since annoyance reactions of children to environmental noise have rarely been investigated, no source specific exposure-response relations are available. The aim of this paper is to investigate children’s reactions to aircraft and road traffic noise and to derive exposure-response relations. To this end, children’s annoyance reactions to aircraft and road traffic noise in both the home and the school setting were investigated using the data gathered in a cross-sectional multicenter study, carried out among 2844 children age 9–11 years attending 89 primary schools around three European airports. An exposure-response relation was demonstrated between exposure to aircraft noise at school LAeq, 7–23 h and severe annoyance in children: after adjustment for confounders, the percentage severely annoyed children was predicted to increase from about 5.1% at 50 dB to about 12.1% at 60 dB. The findings were consistent across the three samples. Aircraft noise at home LAeq,7–23 h demonstrated a similar relation with severe annoyance. Children attending schools with higher road traffic noise LAeq,7–23 h were more annoyed. Although children were less annoyed at levels above 55 dB, the shapes of the exposure-response relations found among children were comparable to those found in their parents.
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| 4. |
- Yonker, Julie E, et al.
(författare)
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Negative effects of testosterone on visuospatial ability in 35 to 80 year old men.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Cortex. ; 42:3, s. 376-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgens have been linked to visuospatial ability. We examined the relationship between serum free testosterone (T) levels and spatial visualization ability in a population-based sample of 450 healthy men between the ages of 35 and 80 years. They were tested on block design and Mini Mental State of Examination (MMSE) draw-a-figure, as well as tasks assessing episodic memory, semantic memory, procedural memory, and verbal fluency. Blood was analyzed for free T and estradiol. Participants were grouped into high or low free T based on age-specific median values. Participants with low free T performed at a superior level on both the block design task and draw-a-figure task as compared to participants with high free T. The results are discussed within the scant body of research on androgens and cognition in men.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Monica E, et al.
(författare)
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Femte Dimensionen : en lärmodell som förenar forskning, utbildning och "tredje uppgiften".
- 2002
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Ingår i: Interaktiv forskning. - Stockholm : Arbetslivsinstitutet. - 9170456372 ; , s. 135-148
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ett exempel på nya samarbetsformer mellan högskola och det omgivande samhället kallad "Femte Dimensionen" redovisas. Poängen är att den så kallade tredje uppgiften inte är något vid sidan av forskning och undervisning, utan är något integrerat, något som kan berika såväl undervisning som forskning.
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Östen, et al.
(författare)
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Soundscape assessment.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - 0001-4966. ; 117:4, s. 2591-2592
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to improve the quality of the soundscape it is necessary to know its descriptive and evaluative properties, and the relationships between these properties. This was explored in a listening experiment with 100 participants (48 women, 52 men; mean age 25,6 years). Each participant scaled 5 out of 50 soundscapes with regard to 116 single verbal attributes, using a visual analogue scale of agreeableness. In addition, acoustical properties of the soundscapes were assessed. A principal component analysis identified two major evaluative components, labeled Hedonic Tone and Eventfulness. Furthermore it was found that the mere presence of common sound sources, regardless of sound level, correlated significantly with these evaluative components. Technological sounds (e.g., traffic noise) were negatively associated with both Hedonic Tone and Eventfulness, while a positive association was found between Hedonic Tone and sounds of nature (e.g., bird song), and a positive association was found between Eventfulness and human sounds (e.g., human voices). These relationships lead to the hypothesis that introduction of nature and human sounds, in combination with the reduction of technological sounds may improve the quality of soundscapes considerably.
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| 8. |
- Berglund, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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A dualistic psychoacoustic research strategy for measuring soundscape quality : Paper 034.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Inter-Noise 2006–Engineering a Quieter World..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to be able to design future soundscapes, tools are needed by which soundscape quality can be measured. For this purpose a “dualistic psychoacoustic research strategy” has been developed. The main goal of this strategy is to identify new ways to characterize soundscapes acoustically. The core question is how soundscapes should be measured on the one hand acoustically, on the other perceptually, such that the acoustic soundscapes that are similar (or dissimilar) would be identical to the perceived soundscapes that are similar (or dissimilar). A top down approach is favored in which tools for measuring perceived soundscape quality are first developed, and followed by developing models of measurement for acoustic soundscapes. Our multidimensional tool for measuring perceived soundscapes includes (perceived) similarity analysis for finding basic underlying dimensions and corresponding similarity analysis of acoustic (waterfall) soundscape quality. This means that this tool measures soundscape quality beyond loudness of unwanted sounds or mere sound level of predominant noise. Research on neural network models is in progress for finding appropriate acoustic measures of soundscapes.
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| 9. |
- Berglund, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Are similar acoustic soundscapes perceived as similar? : Paper SS29-355.
- 2006
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Ingår i: EuroNoise 2006.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Health guidelines are concerned with soundscapes as coherent wholes (emissions from all sounds) and everyday life also takes place in soundscapes. Current noise control focuses on sound level change for singular sources, isolated from invariant background and other component sounds. By applying a dualistic similarity approach to data sets of perceptual soundscapes and acoustic soundscapes, it was possible to meaningfully differentiate properties of acoustic soundscapes of relevance for improving urban and suburban soundscapes. Apart from the mere presence of common sounds (e.g., birds, sounds of nature or technological sounds), meaningful differentiations of soundscapes include: (1) the relative proportion of direct and shielded sounds in background soundscapes, (2) the modification of loudness/softness and eventfulness/uneventfulness by acoustic quality, and (3) the “sound signatures” traceable to the relative foreground-background character of perceived soundscapes. Acoustically similar soundscapes (evolutionary spectra) were not always perceived similar, because the reasons for the two types of similarities differ. This fact calls for new ways to assess the acoustic soundscapes such that adequate design tools for coherent soundscapes can be developed.
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| 10. |
- Berglund, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Noise. In The National Board of Health and Welfare : Environmental Health Report 2005. Extended Summary.
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Community noise is a widespread environmental problem in Sweden and is the form of disturbance that affects the highest number of both children and adults. Twelve-year-olds are disturbed by the same noise sources as adults, but, for children, loud music is the most annoying source, whereas road-traffic noise is most annoying source for adults. One child in every seven is annoyed by noise in or near the home and one in four is annoyed by noise in or near the school/kindergarten. One in every five report that after listening to loud music or other loud sounds. They experience ringing, squeaking, howling or buzzing in their ears, this being slightly more frequent among boys than girls. Just over one in ten report that their hearing is sometimes worse after listening to loud music. Children are exposed to hearing-impairing noise to a larger extent than in the past. Sound levels measured in kindergartens and schools exceed the limit for when ear protectors must be worn according to legislation governing health and safety at work. It is important that children’s noise exposures in kindergartens, schools and leisure environments are reduced as well as children's exposure to excessively loud music.
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