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- Månsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Food plots as a habitat management tool: forage production and ungulate browsing in adjacent forest
- 2015
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Ingår i: Wildlife Biology. - : Wiley. - 0909-6396 .- 1903-220X. ; 21, s. 246-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A key challenge for wildlife management is to handle competing goals. High ungulate densities may be desirable from hunting and recreational perspectives, but may come in conflict with needs to limit or reduce browsing damage. Since browsing intensity is negatively related to forage availability it may be possible to mitigate damage on forest by increasing forage availability within the landscape. A commonly used method to increase the attractiveness of a localized part of the landscape is to establish food plots. In a multiyear setup using enclosures, wildlife observations, field surveys, and controlled biomass removal, we studied food plots to document forage production, utilization by ungulates, and browsing on adjacent forests in southern Sweden. The fenced parts of the food plots produced on average 2230 to 5810 kg ha. 1 marrow-stem kale, second-year clover mix or early-sown rapeseed. The biomass of target crops was generally higher within ungrazed (exclosures) compared to grazed (controls) quadrats on the food plots, which demonstrates that the crops were used as forage by ungulates. Browsing on deciduous trees in the adjacent forest was higher within 70-135 m from the food plots compared to areas further away. For wildlife management, our study shows that establishment of food plots provides substantial amounts of forage both during growing season and at the onset of the dormant season, and that a large share of this food is consumed. Finally, our study documents that forage availability for ungulates at the onset of the often-limiting dormant season can be increased by fencing food plots throughout the growing season.
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- Van Guelpen, Bethany, et al.
(författare)
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Folate, vitamin B12, and risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: a prospective, nested case-referent study of plasma concentrations and dietary intake.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation. - 1524-4628 .- 0039-2499. ; 36:7, s. 1426-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Folate metabolism has been implicated in stroke. However, the possibility of a role for folate and vitamin B12, independent of their effects on homocysteine status, remains to be explored. The aim of this prospective, nested case-referent study was to relate plasma and dietary intake levels of folate and vitamin B12 to risk of stroke, taking into consideration plasma homocysteine concentrations and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms. METHODS: Subjects were 334 ischemic and 62 hemorrhagic stroke cases and matched double referents from the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. RESULTS: Plasma folate was statistically significantly associated with risk of hemorrhagic stroke in an inverse linear manner, both in univariate analysis and after adjustment for conventional risk factors including hypertension (odds ratio [OR] for highest versus lowest quartile 0.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06 to 0.71; P for trend=0.008)). Risk estimates were attenuated by inclusion of homocysteine in the model (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.08 to 1.40; P for trend=0.088). A similar pattern was observed for increasing folate intake (multivariate OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.55; P for trend=0.031 without homocysteine, and OR, 0.16, 95% CI, 0.02 to 1.23; P for trend=0.118 with homocysteine in the analysis). We found little evidence of an association between plasma or dietary folate and risk of ischemic stroke. Neither plasma nor dietary vitamin B12 was associated with risk of either stroke subtype. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest a protective role for folate, possibly in addition to its effects on homocysteine status, in hemorrhagic but not ischemic stroke.
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