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- Backeström, A., et al.
(författare)
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Glucose metabolism and cognitive dysfunction
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the EASD, Stockholm 2010. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. ; , s. S292-S292
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: The association between type 2 diabetes and different forms of cognitive impairment is well established. The mechanism behind the association is however still unrevealed. We have recently reported that raised blood glucose levels were associated to impairment in episodic memory, the memory function first affected in the progress to dementia. However, patients with type 2 diabetes have not only elevated levels of blood glucose, but also increased levels of insulin because of insulin resistance. It has been suggested that insulin itself might have a negative effect on cognitive function and memory. Diabetes is associated with a long standing hyperglycaemia but also with hypertension and hyperlipideima, leading to micro and macro vascular disease. Thus, our aim was to study whether insulin affects episodic memory independently of glucose in a nondiabetic adult population. Materials and methods: We linked and matched two large population based data sets in Sweden, the Betula study and the Västerbotten Intervention Program. We identified 364 (F/M 207/157, mean age 50.5 ±8.0 years) nondiabetic subjects, free from dementia, who had participated in the two surveys within six months. The memory test included testing of episodic memory. We transformed the results using the mean values and standard deviation from the youngest age group to compute a composite z-score (subjects’ value minus mean score in the 40-year-old group divided by SD). Fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and glucose (FPG) were analyzed with standard methods. Results: Women had higher levels of episodic memory (mean z-score -0.06, SD 0.54) compared to men (mean z-score -0.36, SD 0.51, p<0.001). Given the sex difference in the outcome variable we stratified for sex. In a univariate linear regression both FPG (B -0.274, SE 0.068, Beta -0.271, p<0.001) and FPI (B -0.389, SE 0.131, Beta -0.204, p=0.003) were significantly associated with episodic memory in women but not in men. FPG, but not FPI, remained significantly associated with episodic memory after adjustment for hypertension, total P-cholesterol, bodymass index, educational level, depression, smoking and cardiovascular disease ( FPG: B -0.218, SE 0.070, Beta -0.220, p=0.002; FPI: B -0.232, SE 0.149, Beta -0.127, p=n.s.), when FPG and FPI were analyzed separately. Entering both FPG and FPI into the regression model did not attenuate the association between FPG and episodic memory (FPG: B -0.204, SE 0.071, Beta -0.206, p=0.005). Conclusion: We conclude that an increase in plasma glucose, but not plasma insulin, is associated with impairment in episodic memory in women. This could be explained by a negative effect on the hippocampus caused by raised plasma glucose levels.
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| 3. |
- Reifarth, R., et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear astrophysics with radioactive ions at FAIR
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 665:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleosynthesis of elements beyond iron is dominated by neutron captures in the s and r processes. However, 32 stable, proton-rich isotopes cannot be formed during those processes, because they are shielded from the s-process flow and r-process beta-decay chains. These nuclei are attributed to the p and rp process. For all those processes, current research in nuclear astrophysics addresses the need for more precise reaction data involving radioactive isotopes. Depending on the particular reaction, direct or inverse kinematics, forward or time-reversed direction are investigated to determine or at least to constrain the desired reaction cross sections. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will offer unique, unprecedented opportunities to investigate many of the important reactions. The high yield of radioactive isotopes, even far away from the valley of stability, allows the investigation of isotopes involved in processes as exotic as the r or rp processes.
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| 6. |
- Danielsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Selective problems in executive function in adults with ID : The Betula Database
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the Third International Conference of IASSID-Europe, 20-22 October, 2010, Rome. - : Wiley. ; , s. 438-438
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To compare executive function in adults with ID to a group matched on chronological age, sex, type of education and years of education. Method: In the Betula database, a group of adults with ID (N = 46) was defined from measures of verbal and nonverbal IQ. A control group, with two people for every person with ID (N = 92), was chosen by matching on the following criteria in order of priority: IQ higher than 85, age, sex, sample, level of education and years of edu- cation. Three tasks of executive function were included on two occasions, with five years in between testing sessions: the Tower of Hanoi, dual task versions of word recall and verbal fluency. Results: Adults with ID showed significant impairments on verbal fluency and on the dual task word recall task (at encod- ing but not at recall). There were no group differences on the Tower of Hanoi. No significant differences between the two test occasions were found. Conclusion: The dual task results imply that the adults with ID were more sen- sitive to strategy interruptions at encoding, but that dividing attention at recall did not have such detrimental effects. The Tower of Hanoi is a complex task that is meant to assess planning, but has also been associated with inhibition. Adults with ID seem, therefore, not to have marked difficulties with planning and/or inhibition.
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| 7. |
- Del Missier, Fabio, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of Decision Making Across the Adult Life-Span : An Individual-Differences Study
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Age-related decline in complex cognitive tasks has been explained by changes in sensory functioning, processing speed, and working memory. However, there is still no agreement on the relative importance of these factors, and their relative role in decision making has not been investigated. In an individual-difference study on a population-based Swedish sample of adults (N = 563, age range 30-89), we disentangled the contribution of sensory decline, processing speed, and working memory measures to age-related changes in three cognitively-demanding decision-making tasks of the Adult Decision-Making Competence Battery (Resistance to Framing, Applying Decision Rules, Under/Overconfidence). Structural equation modeling showed that working memory is a significant predictor even when the influence of sensory variables, processing speed, and education (as a control for cohort effects) is taken into account. Moreover, the effects of sensory functioning and processing speed on decision making were mediated by working memory. These findings indicate that the age-related decline in complex decision-making tasks may not be entirely explained by changes in lower-level processes, highlighting the functional role of working memory processes.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of perceived long-term stress on health and memory functioning
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts of the Psychonomic Society. ; , s. 78-78
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study examined effects of perceived long-term stress on health and memory functioning in middle-aged individuals (40–60 years). Participants in the Betula study (Nilsson et al., 1997) describing themselves as being stressed in general over three measurement occasions (10 years in total) were compared with a matched (sex and education) group (n = 98) reporting no stress. The results revealed a higher incidence of depressive symptoms, flus, and not-healthy-ratings over time for the stress group. In addition, the stress group provided more negative subjective memory ratings, whereas time-related change in memory performance, indicative of a high degree of cognitive stability, did not differ from that of controls. Degree of perceived stress is discussed as a factor underlying variations in regard to the outcome of studies of perceived stress.
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