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- Bäckman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Attentional demands and recall of verbal and color information in action events
- 1993
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 34:3, s. 246-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two experiments addressed the influence of secondary task performance at encoding on recall of different features of subject‐performed tasks (SPTs) involving objects (e.g., turn the wallet). In Experiment 1, memory for verbs and colors of objects was assessed, with object names serving as cues. In Experiment 2, object and color memory were assessed, with verbs serving as cues. Results from both experiments indicated a greater deterioration of memory performance under divided attention for verbal features than for colors. In addition, intention to remember did not affect performance for any feature in either experiment. The overall pattern of outcome is discussed relative to the view that encoding of verbal features of SPTs is more attention‐demanding than encoding of physical task features, such as color.
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| 2. |
- Kormi-Nouri, Reza, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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The dual-conception view reexamined : attentional demands and the encoding of verbal and physical information in action events
- 1994
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Ingår i: Psychological Research. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0340-0727 .- 1430-2772. ; 57:1, s. 42-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In two experiments the influence of attentional demands at encoding on recall of different features of subject-performed tasks (SPTs) was studied. In Experiment 1, memory of verbs and colors of objects was tested, with object names serving as cues. In Experiment 2, object and color memory were tested, with verbs serving as cues. Results from both experiments indicated that SPTs were affected by divided attention at encoding. In contrast to previous research, verbal and physical properties of SPTs were not differently affected by the requirements of dual-task performance (i.e., the combination of an SPT task and a secondary task). The results are discussed in terms of the nature of the secondary task.
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| 3. |
- Kormi-Nouri, Reza, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of retrieval enactment on recall of subject-performed tasks and verbal tasks
- 1994
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Ingår i: Memory & Cognition. - 0090-502X .- 1532-5946. ; 22:6, s. 723-728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of retrieval enactment on memory for nouns (objects) or verbal phrases describing simpel actions (e.g., "lift the box") was addressed in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the type of object involved in the actions was manipulated, with three different types of object being used (body parts, laboratory-related objects, and external objects). In Experiment 2, the integration between the verb-noun pairs was manipulated (well-integrated vs. poorly integrated). Results from both experiments showed that whereas encoding enactment (motor encoding and verbal test) substantially improved the memory performance compared with a verbal condition (verbal encoding and verbal test), retrieval enactment (verbal encoding and motor test) had no major impact on the number of recalled nouns or phrases. Moreover, there was no additional effect of dual enactment (motor encoding and motor test). The overall pattern of the results suggests that there is a fundamental difference between motor processing at encoding and motor processing at retrieval, and the lack of encoding specificity advantage for the motor modality contradicts the view that encoding enactment of verbal commands results in storage of motor representations
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Kormi-Nouri, Reza, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Episodic and semantic memory in bilingual and monolingual children
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 44:1, s. 47-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although bilinguality has been reported to confer advantages upon children with respect to various cognitive abilities, much less is known about the relation between memory and bilinguality. In this study, 60 (30 girls and 30 boys) bilingual and 60 (30 girls and 30 boys) monolingual children in three age groups (mean ages 8.5, 10.5 and 12.5 years) were compared on episodic memory and semantic memory tasks. Episodic memory was assessed using subject-performed tasks (with real or imaginary objects) and verbal tasks, with retrieval by both free recall and cued recall. Semantic memory was assessed by word fluency tests. Positive effects of bilingualism were found on both episodic memory and semantic memory at all age levels. These findings suggest that bilingual children integrate and/or organize the information of two languages, and so bilingualism creates advantages in terms of cognitive abilities (including memory). Some sex differences were also found in episodicmemory but not in semantic memory. This episodic memory difference was found with younger children.
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| 7. |
- Kormi-Nouri, Reza, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Is there memory deficit in Parkinson’s disease? Explicit and implicit memory for verbal and action events
- 2001
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Ingår i: Advances in Cognitive Sciences. - Tehran : Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Qalam Gostaran Pajouhesh. - 1561-4174. ; 3:1-2, s. 28-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three experiments examined both encoding and test variable whether there is any memory deficit in patients with Parkinson's disease in comparison with normal controls. In Experiment 1, the effect of encoding enactment was tested in free recall and cued recall. In Experiment 2, the combinations of enactment/non enactment and well/poorly integration variables were used at encoding. Again, the subjects were tested by free and cued recall. In Experiment 3, recognition memory and sentence-fragment completion tests were used with the same encoding manipulations as in Experiment 2. In general, the results of all three experiments showed no difference between PD patients and normal controls indicating that there is no memory deficit for PD patients. However, it was observed that there was some recognition deficit (especially for well integrated and verbal items) in Parkins on patients. It was suggested that the similarity between encoding and retrieval and the stage of disease should be considered as important factors for any possible memory deficit in Parkinsonian patients. It was also concluded that Parkinson patients are less well able to utilize cognitive support.
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| 8. |
- Kormi-Nouri, Reza, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Negative cueing effects with weak and strong intralist cues
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cognitive Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0954-1446 .- 1464-0635. ; 11:2, s. 199-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In three experiments, we studied cueing effects of relational and item-specific information after enacted and non-enacted encoding of short sentences (e.g. lift the pen, fold the paper). In Experiment 1, all subjects were instructed at encoding to remember only the nouns of these sentences; half of the subjects were informed about the categorical nature of the nouns, whereas the other half were not. At retrieval, all subjects were given a free recall test and a cued recall test with the verb of each sentence as the cue. In Experiment 2, all subjects were instructed at encoding to remember the whole sentence; as in Experiment 1, half of the subjects were informed about the categorical nature of the nouns and half were not. At test, all subjects were given two cued recall tests, one categorical cue for each noun in the first test and one verb cue and one categorical cue for each noun in the second test. In Experiment 3, at encoding, all subjects were informed about the categorical nature of nouns and were instructed to remember the whole sentence. In this experiment, the actions were performed with imaginary objects; free recall and cued recall tests were given to different subjects. In all three experiments, there was a negative effect of intralist cueing with verbs. This finding is at odds with the Encoding Specificity Principle, which assumes facilitation of cueing at retrieval if the cues were encoded together with the to-be-remembered information at encoding. Also, the effect of intralist cueing was different after encoding with enactment than after encoding without enactment; this difference holds true for enactment with real objects but not for enactment with imaginary objects. Enactment increased both the relational and the item-specific cueing efficiency. The results are discussed in terms of encoding interference between cues and targets and between item-specific processing and relational processing. Enacted encoding is conceived as integrating episodic information both with respect to item specificity and relational aspects of the information.
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| 9. |
- Kormi-Nouri, Reza, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of childhood bilingualism on episodic and semantic memory tasks
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 49:2, s. 93-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kormi-Nouri, Moniri and Nilsson (2003) demonstrated that Swedish-Persian bilingual children recalled at a higher level than Swedish monolingual children, when they were tested using Swedish materials. The present study was designed to examine the bilingual advantage of children who use different languages in their everyday life but have the same cultural background and live in their communities in the same way as monolingual children. In four experiments, 488 monolingual and bilingual children were compared with regard to episodic and semantic memory tasks. In experiments 1 and 2 there were 144 boys and 144 girls in three school groups (aged 9-10 years, 13-14 years and 16-17 years) and in three language groups (Persian monolingual, Turkish-Persian bilingual, and Kurdish-Persian bilingual). In experiments 3 and 4, there were 200 male students in two school groups (aged 9-10 years and 16-17 years) and in two language groups (Persian monolingual and Turkish-Persian bilingual). In the episodic memory task, children learned sentences (experiments 1-3) and words (Experiment 4). Letter and category fluency tests were used as measures of semantic memory. To change cognitive demands in memory tasks, in Experiment 1, the integration of nouns and verbs within sentences was manipulated by the level of association between verb and noun in each sentence. At retrieval, a recognition test was used. In experiments 2 and 3, the organization between sentences was manipulated at encoding in Experiment 2 and at both encoding and retrieval in Experiment 3 through the use of categories among the objects. At retrieval, free recall or cued recall tests were employed. In Experiment 4, the bilingual children were tested with regard to both their first and their second language. In all four experiments, a positive effect of bilingualism was found on episodic and semantic memory tasks; the effect was more pronounced for older than younger children. The bilingual advantage was not affected by changing cognitive demands or by using first/second language in memory tasks. The present findings support the cross-language interactivity hypothesis of bilingual advantage.
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| 10. |
- Kormi-Nouri, Reza, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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The motor component is not crucial!
- 2001
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Ingår i: Memory for Action. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0195115538 ; , s. 97-111
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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