| 1. |
- LaRue, Jerry, et al.
(author)
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Real-Time Elucidation of Catalytic Pathways in CO Hydrogenation on Ru
- 2017
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 8:16, s. 3820-3825
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The direct elucidation of the reaction pathways in heterogeneous catalysis has been challenging due to the short-lived nature of reaction intermediates. Here, we directly measured on ultrafast time scales the initial hydrogenation steps of adsorbed CO on a Ru catalyst surface, which is known as the bottleneck reaction in syngas and CO2 reforming processes. We initiated the hydrogenation of CO with an ultrafast laser temperature jump and probed transient changes in the electronic structure using real-time X-ray spectroscopy. In combination with theoretical simulations, we verified the formation of CHO during CO hydrogenation.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(author)
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Möjlighetsfönster står öppet
- 2011
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In: Sydsvenskan. - 1652-814X.
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 3. |
- Laksmono, Hartawan, et al.
(author)
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Anomalous Behavior of the Homogeneous Ice Nucleation Rate in No-Man's Land
- 2015
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 6:14, s. 2826-2832
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present an analysis of ice nucleation kinetics from near-ambient pressure water as temperature decreases below the homogeneous limit T-H by cooling micrometer-sized droplets (microdroplets) evaporatively at 10(3)-10(4) K/s and probing the structure ultrafast using femtosecond pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) free-electron X-ray laser. Below 232 K, we observed a slower nucleation rate increase with decreasing temperature than anticipated from previous measurements, which we suggest is due to the rapid decrease in water's diffusivity. This is consistent with earlier findings that microdroplets do not crystallize at <227 K, but vitrify at cooling rates of 10(6)-10(7) K/s. We also hypothesize that the slower increase in the nucleation rate is connected with the proposed fragile-to-strong transition anomaly in water.
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| 4. |
- Sterner, Olov, et al.
(author)
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Mutagens in larger fungi. I. Forty-eight species screened for mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome assay
- 1982
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In: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1218. ; 101:4, s. 269-281
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Specimens of large fungi (mushrooms) were screened for mutagenic activity by the Salmonella/microsome assay, with strains TA98, TA2637 and TA100. Out of 48 species tested, 37 exhibited a significant but for the most part weak activity. The activity observed in the presence of S9 mix was typically between 0 and 50% of that without, and in no case was the activity increased in the presence of microsomal enzymes. Six metabolites reported to occur in some of the species included in this investigation were also tested. Significant mutagenic activity was found with isovelleral (5) from Lactarius sp., agaritine (3) from Agaricus bisporus and related sp. and β-nitraminoalanine (7) from Agaricus silvaticus. Isovelleral may be a major mutagen in some of the sharp-tasting and mutagenic Russulaceae sp. A. bisporus (cultivated specimen) was weakly mutagenic toward all three strains of S. typhimurium used, and agaritine was weakly active toward TA2637 alone. This implies that this fungus might contain other mutagenic material as well. β-Nitraminoalanine was not found in the particular collection of A. silvaticus tested here. The mutagenicity observed for the fungus in this work may therefore be due to other metabolites. Even though many species found to be mutagenic are used as food, it seems premature to make specific recommendations about eventual health risks. Further information is needed about the chemistry and toxicology of the active compounds as well as about the effects of various methods used in preparing mushrooms for food.
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| 5. |
- Cavalca, Filippo, et al.
(author)
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Nature and Distribution of Stable Subsurface Oxygen in Copper Electrodes During Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
- 2017
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 121:45, s. 25003-25009
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) electrodes exhibit higher activity than pristine copper during the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) and higher selectivity toward ethylene. The presence of residual subsurface oxygen in OD-Cu has been proposed to be responsible for such improvements, although its stability under the reductive CO2RR conditions remains unclear. This work sheds light on the nature and stability of subsurface oxygen. Our spectroscopic results show that oxygen is primarily concentrated in an amorphous 1-2 nm thick layer within the Cu subsurface, confirming that subsurface oxygen is stable during CO2RR for up to 1 h at -1.15 V vs RHE. Besides, it is associated with a high density of defects in the OD-Cu structure. We propose that both low coordination of the amorphous OD-Cu surface and the presence of subsurface oxygen that withdraws charge from the copper sp- and d-bands might selectively enhance the binding energy of CO.
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| 6. |
- Harada, Y., et al.
(author)
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Probing the OH Stretch in Different Local Environments in Liquid Water
- 2017
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In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 8:22, s. 5487-5491
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) to resolve vibrational losses corresponding to the OH stretch where the X-ray absorption process allows us to selectively probe different structural subensembles in liquid water. The results point to a unified interpretation of X-ray and vibrational spectroscopic data in line with a picture of two classes of structural environments in the liquid at ambient conditions with predominantly close-packed high-density liquid (HDL) and occasional local fluctuations into strongly tetrahedral low-density liquid (LDL).
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| 7. |
- Cronskär, Marie, et al.
(author)
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Patient-Specific Clavicle Reconstruction Using Digital Design and Additive Manufacturing
- 2015
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In: Journal of mechanical design (1990). - : ASME Press. - 1050-0472 .- 1528-9001. ; 137:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is a trend toward operative treatment for certain types of clavicle fractures and these are usually treated with plate osteosynthesis. The subcutaneous location of the clavicle makes the plate fit important, but the clavicle has a complex shape, which varies greatly between individuals and hence standard plates often have a poor fit. Using computed tomography (CT) based design, the plate contour and screw positioning can be optimized to the actual case. A method for patient-specific plating using design based on CT-data, additive manufacturing (AM), and postprocessing was initially evaluated through three case studies, and the plate fit on the reduced fracture was tested during surgery (then replaced by commercial plates). In all three cases, the plates had an adequate fit on the reduced fracture. The time span from CT scan of the fracture to final implant was two days. An approach to achieve functional design and screw-hole positioning was initiated. These initial trials of patient-specific clavicle plating using AM indicate the potential for a smoother plate with optimized screw positioning. Further, the approach facilitates the surgeon's work and operating time can be saved.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, G., et al.
(author)
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Strain field inhomogeneities and stiffness changes in GMT containing voids
- 2002
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In: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing. - 1359-835X .- 1878-5840. ; 33:1, s. 75-85
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- During compression moulding of glass mat thermoplastics (GMT), voids may form. However, it is not clear whether voids are as critical to mechanical performance in GMT as in thermoset composites. The present investigation also considers the general problem of damage mechanisms in GMT. Conventional tensile tests, acoustic emission, a stiffness degradation test and a speckle technique for strain field measurements are used as well as optical microscopy of polished cross-sections. The void content (up to 5%) does not significantly influence the strength or stiffness degradation process. The reason is the large inhomogeneity of the strain fields in GMT. Failure occurs in locally soft regions and void effects are of secondary importance. Details of the failure process are discussed, emphasising the large local strains in matrix-rich regions.
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| 9. |
- Wagner, R., et al.
(author)
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Design of an optimized nested-mirror neutron reflector for a NNBAR experiment
- 2023
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In: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 1051
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The NNBAR experiment for the European Spallation Source will search for free neutrons converting to antineutrons with an expected sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude compared to the last such search. This paper describes both the simulations of a key component for the experiment, the neutron optical reflector and the expected gains in sensitivity.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Lars J., et al.
(author)
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A European industrial development policy for prosperity and zero emissions
- 2020
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In: ECEEE Industrial Summer Study : Decarbonise Industry! 2020 - Proceedings - Decarbonise Industry! 2020 - Proceedings. - 2001-7987 .- 2001-7979. - 9789198387865 ; 2020-September, s. 457-466
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to outline and discuss the key elements of an EU industrial development policy consistent with the Paris Agreement. We also assess the current EU Industrial Strategy proposal against these elements. The “well below 2 °C” target sets a clear limit for future global greenhouse gas emissions and thus strict boundaries for the development of future material demand, industrial processes and the sourcing of feedstock; industry must evolve to zero emissions or pay for expensive negative emissions elsewhere. An industrial policy for transformation to net-zero emissions must include attention to directed technological and economic structural change, the demand for emissions intensive products and services, energy and material efficiency, circular economy, electrification and other net-zero fuel switching, and carbon capture and use or storage (CCUS). It may also entail geographical relocation of key basic materials industries to regions endowed with renewable energy. In this paper we review recent trends in green industrial policy. We find that it has generally focused on promoting new green technologies (e.g., PVs, batteries, fuel cells and biorefineries) rather than on decarbonizing the emissions intensive basic materials industries, or strategies for handling the phase-out or repurposing of sunset industries (e.g., replacing fossil fuel feedstocks for chemicals). Based on knowledge about industry and potential mitigation options, and insights from economics, governance and innovation studies, we propose a framework for the purpose of developing and evaluating industrial policy for net-zero emissions. This framework recognizes the need for: directionality; innovation; creating lead markets for green materials and reshaping existing markets; building capacity for governance and change; coherence with the international climate policy regime; and finally the need for a just transition. We find the announced EU Industrial Strategy to be strong on most elements, but weak on transition governance approaches, the need for capacity building, and creating lead markets.
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