| 1. |
- Abele, H., et al.
(författare)
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Particle physics at the European Spallation Source
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Haupt, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Asthma medication – persistence with adrenergics, steroids and combination products over a 5-year period
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0269-4727 .- 1365-2710. ; 34:5, s. 507-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many patients with asthma underuse steroids for inhalation. This has been identified as a main cause of therapy failure and of excess health care utilization.Objective: To elucidate the medication persistence of patients using asthma drugs, how patients combine the drugs over time and whether medication persistence was influenced by patients switching to combination products.Methods: Individual patients' drug acquisition data were obtained from a pharmacy record database for the period 2000-2004. A patient was considered to have satisfactory medication possession ratio (MPR) if the medication supplies covered ≥80% of the prescribed treatment. Drug use profiles were constructed as graphs for each patient, showing the date of each refill and the time period covered by the dispensed drugs. From the graphs the combination of drugs, the continuity of the therapy over time and the MPR for each patient could be determined.Results: Of 1812 patients with asthma drugs in the database, 815 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The percentage of patients with satisfactory MPR was low (11-27%), but significantly higher among patients using combination products than among those using steroids. For patients who switched from adrenergics plus steroids in two inhalers to combination products in one inhaler, the number of patients with satisfactory MPR was significantly increased.Conclusion: Satisfactory MPR was low for all types of asthma drugs. More patients had satisfactory MPR with combination products in one inhaler than with adrenergics and steroids in two separate inhalers. Asthma drug-delivery is important and combination products of the two ingredients could therefore improve asthma therapy.
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| 4. |
- Haupt, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Dispensed volumes of anti-asthmatic drugs related to the prevalence of asthma and COPD in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : Wiley. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 17:5, s. 461-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the possibility of using dispensed volumes asthma/COPD drugs as a proxy for the combined prevalence of asthma plus COPD. METHODS: The proportions of the Swedish population with inhalation drugs for asthma/COPD 2004 were obtained using three different databases. A pharmacy record database gave the volumes of dispensed drugs (defined daily doses, DDDs of R03A + R03B drugs) for each patient, 20 years and older. The X-plain database of Apoteket AB gave drug sales data for Sweden and Swedish population data were obtained from Swedish statistics. RESULTS: The sales volumes of asthma/COPD drugs were much higher for older than for younger people. The volumes increased from 18 DDD/TID for the 20-29 year group up to 124 DDD/TID for patients 70-79 years, or about seven times. The average volumes per patient in the different age groups corresponded to one DDD/day in only three of the age groups (50-79 years). In the youngest group the average drug volume per patient corresponded to one DDD every second day, which may indicate undermedication. The percentages of the Swedish population with asthma/COPD drugs increased from 4.0% for 20-29 years old to 14.5% for 80+ years old, or 3.6 times. When head-to-head comparisons could be made between reported prevalence data of asthma and COPD and our data the two sets of data were in a reasonable agreement. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of drug treatment, i.e. the proportion of the population with dispensed asthma/COPD drugs, could function as a proxy for the disease prevalence of asthma plus COPD.
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| 5. |
- Haupt, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Medication persistence among patients with asthma/COPD drugs
- 2008
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Ingår i: Pharmacy World & Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0928-1231 .- 1573-739X. ; 30:5, s. 509-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine medication possession ratio (MPR) of patients with asthma/COPD drugs. METHOD: Individual patient's volumes of asthma/COPD drugs (ATC-code R03) for 2000-2004 were obtained from a pharmacy record database. For each patient the MPR was calculated as the percentage of the treatment time that the patient had drugs available. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Medication possession ratio (MPR). RESULTS: A total of 1,812 patients, 20 years and older, with dispensed asthma/COPD drugs were registered in the database, 928 patients (51%) had acquired drugs less than once per year (68% for 20-29 years old) during the 5-year study. Only 13% of the patients had steroids and steroid combinations available to allow continuous treatment. Eight percent of the patients 20-29 years old had MPR > or = 80% of all the included drugs and 5% when only steroids and steroid combinations were considered. About 25% of the patients had acquired 80% of the total volume of asthma/COPD drugs. CONCLUSION: The majority of the patients, and particularly those in the youngest age group used asthma/COPD drugs only sporadically. This may indicate undermedication which is likely to have a negative impact on patient outcome.
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| 6. |
- Haupt, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Refill adherence to oral antihyperglycaemic drugs in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 46:3, s. 203-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Only 49% of the patients with T2D in Sweden that medicate with oral antihyperglycaemic drugs (AHGD) had good blood glucose control (HbA1C < 6.0%). The reason can be low medication adherence. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the adherence to different oral AHGD. Included were all patients in Sweden, older than 40 years and having at least two expenditures of AHGD between 1 December 2005 and 30 November 2006. After exclusions of inpatients and patients with unspecified daily dosage 171,220 patients (57% men) remained. Medication possession ratio (MPR) was used for estimating adherence and patients were regarded adherent if MPR ≥80%. The overall refill adherence average 90%, with mean MPR (SD) = 107% (30). Eighty-five percent of the patients in their 40s were adherent compared to 91% of the patients in their 80s. About 90.1% of the women were adherent whereas 89.5% of the men were adherent. Patients with an indication for the medicine were more adherent than patients without this information. We conclude that the unsatisfactory blood glucose control showed among many Swedish T2D patients is not the result of non-adherence to prescribed medication.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, G., et al.
(författare)
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Strain field inhomogeneities and stiffness changes in GMT containing voids
- 2002
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Ingår i: Composites. Part A, Applied science and manufacturing. - 1359-835X .- 1878-5840. ; 33:1, s. 75-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During compression moulding of glass mat thermoplastics (GMT), voids may form. However, it is not clear whether voids are as critical to mechanical performance in GMT as in thermoset composites. The present investigation also considers the general problem of damage mechanisms in GMT. Conventional tensile tests, acoustic emission, a stiffness degradation test and a speckle technique for strain field measurements are used as well as optical microscopy of polished cross-sections. The void content (up to 5%) does not significantly influence the strength or stiffness degradation process. The reason is the large inhomogeneity of the strain fields in GMT. Failure occurs in locally soft regions and void effects are of secondary importance. Details of the failure process are discussed, emphasising the large local strains in matrix-rich regions.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, J Lars G., et al.
(författare)
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Asthma/COPD drugs reflecting disease prevalence, patient adherence and persistence
- 2009
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Ingår i: Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-6348 .- 1747-6356. ; 3:1, s. 93-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this review is to discuss the methodological issues involved in using pharmacy-record databases of drug sales in pharmacoepidemiology and to illustrate the usefulness of such data in estimating disease prevalence, patient adherence and persistence to therapy. Recent studies show that asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence increases with age. The volume of acquired asthma/COPD drugs per patient also increases with age and was approximately 2.5-times higher for patients aged 60-69 years compared with patients aged 20-29 years. Despite this, there is a comparatively low interest in asthma/COPD research involving elderly individuals. Published asthma/COPD-prevalence data and drug-treatment-prevalence data correspond reasonably well. Short- as well as long-term studies on drug acquisition indicate that approximately a third of patients have drugs available to cover at least 80% of the prescribed treatment time. Only approximately a tenth of the patients acquired steroids or steroid combinations, corresponding to one daily defined dose per day over a 5-year treatment period. It is probable that asthma/COPD is undertreated in all age groups.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Tengman, Eva, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Anterior cruciate ligament injury after more than 20 years : I. Physical activity level and knee function
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 24:6, s. e491-e500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about physical activity level and knee function including jump capacity and fear of movement/reinjury more than 20 years after injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Seventy persons with unilateral ACL injury participated (23 ± 2 years post-injury): 33 treated with physiotherapy in combination with surgical reconstruction (ACLR), and 37 treated with physiotherapy alone (ACLPT). These were compared with 33 age- and gender-matched controls. Assessment included knee-specific and general physical activity level [Tegner activity scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)], knee function [Lysholm score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)], jump capacity (one-leg hop, vertical jump, side hops), and fear of movement/reinjury [Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK)]. Outcomes were related to degree of osteoarthritis (OA). ACL-injured had lower Lysholm, KOOS, and Tegner scores than controls (P < 0.001), while IPAQ score was similar. ACL-injured demonstrated inferior jump capacity in injured compared with noninjured leg (6–25%,P < 0.001–P = 0.010 in the different jumps), while noninjured leg had equal jump capacity as controls. ACL groups scored 33 ± 7 and 32 ± 7 of 68 on TSK. Lower scores on Lysholm and KOOS symptom were seen for persons with moderate-to-high OA than for no-or-low OA, while there were no differences for physical activity and jump capacity. Regardless of treatment, there are still negative knee-related effects of ACL injury more than 20 years later.
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