| 1. |
- Culverhouse, R. C., et al.
(author)
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Collaborative meta-analysis finds no evidence of a strong interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR genotype contributing to the development of depression
- 2018
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In: Molecular Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1359-4184 .- 1476-5578. ; 23:1, s. 133-142
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The hypothesis that the S allele of the 5-HTTLPR serotonin transporter promoter region is associated with increased risk of depression, but only in individuals exposed to stressful situations, has generated much interest, research and controversy since first proposed in 2003. Multiple meta-analyses combining results from heterogeneous analyses have not settled the issue. To determine the magnitude of the interaction and the conditions under which it might be observed, we performed new analyses on 31 data sets containing 38 802 European ancestry subjects genotyped for 5-HTTLPR and assessed for depression and childhood maltreatment or other stressful life events, and meta-analysed the results. Analyses targeted two stressors (narrow, broad) and two depression outcomes (current, lifetime). All groups that published on this topic prior to the initiation of our study and met the assessment and sample size criteria were invited to participate. Additional groups, identified by consortium members or self-identified in response to our protocol (published prior to the start of analysis) with qualifying unpublished data, were also invited to participate. A uniform data analysis script implementing the protocol was executed by each of the consortium members. Our findings do not support the interaction hypothesis. We found no subgroups or variable definitions for which an interaction between stress and 5-HTTLPR genotype was statistically significant. In contrast, our findings for the main effects of life stressors (strong risk factor) and 5-HTTLPR genotype (no impact on risk) are strikingly consistent across our contributing studies, the original study reporting the interaction and subsequent meta-analyses. Our conclusion is that if an interaction exists in which the S allele of 5-HTTLPR increases risk of depression only in stressed individuals, then it is not broadly generalisable, but must be of modest effect size and only observable in limited situations.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, J., et al.
(author)
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'Will I be able to have a baby?' Results from online focus group discussions with childhood cancer survivors in Sweden
- 2014
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In: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press. - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 29:12, s. 2704-2711
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- STUDY QUESTION: What do adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer think about the risk of being infertile?SUMMARY ANSWER: The potential infertility, as well as the experience of having had cancer, affects well-being, intimate relationships and the desire to have children in the future.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Many childhood cancer survivors want to have children and worry about possible infertility.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: For this qualitative study with a cross-sectional design, data were collected through 39 online focus group discussions during 2013.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: Cancer survivors previously treated for selected diagnoses were identified from The Swedish Childhood Cancer Register (16-24 years old at inclusion, ≥5 years after diagnosis) and approached regarding study participation. Online focus group discussions of mixed sex (n = 133) were performed on a chat platform in real time. Texts from the group discussions were analysed using qualitative content analysis.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The analysis resulted in the main category Is it possible to have a baby? including five generic categories: Risk of infertility affects well-being, Dealing with possible infertility, Disclosure of possible infertility is a challenge, Issues related to heredity and Parenthood may be affected. The risk of infertility was described as having a negative impact on well-being and intimate relationships. Furthermore, the participants described hesitation about becoming a parent due to perceived or anticipated physical and psychological consequences of having had cancer.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Given the sensitive topic of the study, the response rate (36%) is considered acceptable. The sample included participants who varied with regard to received fertility-related information, current fertility status and concerns related to the risk of being infertile.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The results may be transferred to similar contexts with other groups of patients of childbearing age and a risk of impaired fertility due to disease. The findings imply that achieving parenthood, whether or not with biological children, is an area that needs to be addressed by health care services.STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: The study was financially supported by The Cancer Research Foundations of Radiumhemmet, The Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation and the Doctoral School in Health Care Science, Karolinska Institutet. The authors report no conflicts of interest.
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| 3. |
- Andersson Hagiwara, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Adverse events in prehospital emergency care: A trigger tool study
- 2019
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In: BMC Emergency Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-227X. ; 19:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Prehospital emergency care has developed rapidly during the past decades. The care is given in a complex context which makes prehospital care a potential high-risk activity when it comes to patient safety. Patient safety in the prehospital setting has been only sparsely investigated. The aims of the present study were 1) To investigate the incidence of adverse events (AEs) in prehospital care and 2) To investigate the factors contributing to AEs in prehospital care. Methods: We used a retrospective study design where 30 randomly selected prehospital medical records were screened for AEs each month in three prehospital organizations in Sweden during a period of one year. A total of 1080 prehospital medical records were included. The record review was based on the use of 11 screening criteria. Results: The reviewers identified 46 AEs in 46 of 1080 (4.3%) prehospital medical records. Of the 46 AEs, 43 were classified as potential for harm (AE1) (4.0, 95% CI = 2.9-5.4) and three as harm identified (AE2) (0.3, 95% CI = 0.1-0.9). However, among patients with a life-threatening condition (priority 1), the risk of AE was higher (16.5%). The most common factors contributing to AEs were deviations from standard of care and missing, incomplete, or unclear documentation. The most common cause of AEs was the result of action(s) or inaction(s) by the emergency medical service (EMS) crew. Conclusions: There were 4.3 AEs per 100 ambulance missions in Swedish prehospital care. The majority of AEs originated from deviations from standard of care and incomplete documentation. There was an increase in the risk of AE among patients who the EMS team assessed as having a life-threatening condition. Most AEs were possible to avoid. © 2019 The Author(s).
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| 4. |
- Bendre, M., et al.
(author)
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Good parent-child relationship protects against alcohol use in maltreated adolescent females carrying the MAOA-uVNTR susceptibility allele
- 2024
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In: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Risk-allele carriers of a Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene, short-allele (MAOA-S) in males and long-allele (MAOA-L) in females, in the presence of a negative environment, are associated with alcohol misuse. Whether MAOA-S/L alleles also present susceptibility to a positive environment to mitigate the risk of alcohol misuse is unknown. Thus, we assessed the association of the three-way interaction of MAOA, maltreatment, and positive parent-child relationship with alcohol consumption among adolescents. Methods: This prospective study included 1416 adolescents (females: 59.88%) aged 16 ̵ 19 years from Sweden, enrolled in the “Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland” in 2012. Adolescents self-reported alcohol consumption, maltreatment by a family (FM) or non-family member (NFM), parent-child relationship, and left saliva for MAOA genotyping. Results and discussion: We observed sex-dependent results. Females carrying MAOA-L with FM or NFM and a good parent-child relationship reported lower alcohol consumption than those with an average or poor parent-child relationship. In males, the interactions were not significant. Results suggest MAOA-L in females, conventionally regarded as a “risk”, is a “plasticity” allele as it is differentially susceptible to negative and positive environments. Results highlight the importance of a good parent-child relationship in mitigating the risk of alcohol misuse in maltreated individuals carrying genetic risk. However, the interactions were not significant after adjusting to several environmental and behavioural covariates, especially parent’s alcohol use, negative parent-child relationship, and nicotine use (smoking and/or snus), suggesting predictor and outcome intersection. Future studies and frameworks for preventive strategies should consider these covariates together with alcohol consumption. More studies with larger sample sizes are needed to replicate the findings.
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Anne, et al.
(author)
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Nya exportmarknader på livsmedelsområdet : Vilka länder utanför EU vill företagen satsa på och kan vi mäta hur det går?
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Regeringen har givit Jordbruksverket i uppdrag att kartlägga vilka länder utanför EU som kan anses ha stor potential för svensk export av livsmedel samt göra en analys av möjligheterna att utveckla en mer informativ handelsstatistik som bl.a. tar hänsyn till vidareexport.Jordbruksverkets kartläggning och analys grundas bl.a. på en enkätundersökning, djupintervjuer av livsmedelsföretag, dialog med berörda myndigheter samt information i officiella databaser.Av enkätundersökningen framkom att 22 procent av företagen såg länder utanför EU som möjliga framtida exportmarknader. Inom Europa bedöms Norge vara en potentiell marknad. I övriga världen är det Kina, Ryssland och USA som ligger i topp. Flest potentiella exportmarknader ser företagen för alkoholfria/alkoholsvaga drycker. Kött- och charkföretag anger potentiella marknader i bortre Asien men även i Afrika och i vårt direkta närområde såsom Norge och Ryssland. Dessutom finns ett antal bearbetade livsmedel, ofta unika produkter, där företagen ser exportmöjligheter i en rad länder spridda i flera världsdelar.Utifrån gjord analys bedöms det finnas en stor potential att öka exporten av livsmedel och jordbruksprodukter till framförallt USA, Kina, Japan och Ryssland. Länderna ifråga är mycket stora importörer av livsmedel och jordbruksprodukter och har också identifierats av många svenska livsmedelsindustriföretag som intressanta marknader. Exporten försvåras dock i nuläget av bl.a. tillämpningen av regelverket på det sanitära och fytosanitära området. Även Kanada, Sydkorea, Saudiarabien, Indien och Malaysia, med vilka EU nyligen har eller är på gång att förhandla fram frihandelsavtal, bedöms vara kandidater för ökad svensk export. Norge bedöms även fortsättningsvis vara en viktig exportmarknad för Sverige.I och med att statistik över import och export ofta används som underlag för beslutsfattare inom olika områden är det önskvärt att handelsstatistiken speglar faktiska förhållanden. I nuläget blåser vidareexport av bl.a. norsk lax upp den svenska handelsstatistiken vilket ger oss en felaktig bild av den faktiska handeln. Hur Sverige redovisar handelsstatistik är reglerat i EU-lagstiftning. Det är därför inte möjligt att korrigera för vidareexport i den officiella statistiken. Däremot är det möjligt för Jordbruksverket att regelbundet publicera en bearbetad handelsstatistik.Då SCB i dagsläget samlar in en stor mängd registerbaserad data, bl.a. från Skatteverket, bedöms det finnas underlag för att från befintlig statistik kunna redovisa exportens betydelse för lönsamhet, sysselsättning och tillväxt utan att öka berörda företags administrativa börda.För att underlätta exporten till de potentiella marknaderna vill företagen ha en samlad information kring exportfrågor, en effektiv hantering av landgodkännanden och stöd i den internationella affärsutvecklingen. Utifrån dessa önskemål nämns i rapporten ett antal åtgärder kopplade till information, landgodkännande, marknadskännedom och kontaktnät, ekonomi samt handelsstatistik som kan främja svensk livsmedelsexport.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lönnblad, Jens, et al.
(author)
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Artefacts in continuous ECG recordings : provoking and preventing manoeuvres
- 2005
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In: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 39:3, s. 167-171
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives. A systematic estimation of the effects of some clinically important artefact provoking and artefact-preventing manoeuvres.Design. A test protocol for the evaluation of technical modifications of continuous ECG recordings was tested in 17 patients. The programme comprised ECG recordings during five artefact-provoking manoeuvres (slight shaking of the ECG cables, rotating shoulders, slight electrode touching, washing, teeth-brushing) and two simple artefact-preventing manoeuvres (taping ECG cables and covering electrodes with paper cups). Results. The artefact-provoking manoeuvres induced a substantial increase in artefactual ECG. The artefact-preventing manoeuvres only incompletely prevented this increase. Conclusion. There is a great need of technical improvements to reduce the distortion of ECG by artefacts. The test protocol developed by us exposes a broad spectrum of different categories of ECG qualities and is therefore suitable for evaluating technical improvements concerning artefactual ECG.
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| 8. |
- Martin, Lene M, et al.
(author)
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Rarebit perimetry and optic disk topography in pediatric glaucoma
- 2007
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In: Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. - : SLACK, Inc.. - 0191-3913 .- 1938-2405. ; 44:4, s. 223-231
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between visual field and optic nerve topography findings in a cohort of children with pediatric glaucoma and an age-matched and sex-matched control SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifteen children, aged 6 to 15 years, with pediatric glaucoma in at least one eye and 15 age-matched and sex-matched healthy children were examined with best-corrected visual acuity and perimetry. When possible, scanning laser topography of the optic disk (ie, Heidelberg retinal tomography) was performed. RESULTS: Of 27 eyes in 15 children with pediatric glaucoma examined with Goldmann perimetry, 15 eyes (55%) had a normal visual field. Of 24 eyes examined with Rarebit perimetry, 8 eyes (33%) showed normal results and 16 eyes (67%) showed an abnormally low hit rate (ie, the fraction of seen targets vs presented targets). Nine of the 15 eyes showing normal Goldmann visual fields had a subnormal Rarebit hit rate. All children in the control group had normal Rarebit visual fields. Heidelberg retinal tomography could be performed in all healthy children and in 22 eyes of 13 children with pediatric glaucoma. The concordance between the Heidelberg retinal tomography classification (ie, normal or glaucoma) and the Rarebit results was high (Cohen's kappa = 0.79). A statistically significant correlation (r = 0.66, P = .006) between Rarebit hit rate and Heidelberg retinal tomography glaucoma index was found in the glaucoma group. CONCLUSIONS: Rarebit perimetry detected glaucomatous damage in various types of pediatric glaucoma, and can be assumed to be of value in both diagnosis and follow-up. In 13 children with glaucoma, Heidelberg retinal tomography could be performed. The results conformed well to Rarebit findings.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, B-M, et al.
(author)
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Head posture in patients with whiplash-associated disorders and the measurement method's reliability - A comparison to healthy subjects
- 2005
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In: Advances in Physiotherapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1403-8196 .- 1651-1948. ; 7:1, s. 13-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) are a major problem for healthcare providers and sufferers. Neck pain is one of the most common WAD, and forward head posture may contribute to neck pain. Objective methods for assessing head posture are necessary in the evaluation of postural correction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-rater reliability of the goniometer and to examine differences in head posture inpatients with WAD compared with healthy individuals. Twenty-seven consecutive patients and 40 healthy subjects matched for age and gender were included in the study. Head position relative to shoulders in standing was assessed by three examiners. The inter-rater reliability for the goniometer showed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95. The absolute reliability for the three testers was 1.8°. An independent t-test showed that the difference in head posture between the patients and controls was significant. The patient group showed more forward head posture.Patients with WAD had more forward head posture than persons without neck problems. The goniometer proved to be reliable with high inter-rater reliability in assessing the head position relative to shoulders.
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| 10. |
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