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- Atusingwize, Edwinah, et al.
(författare)
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Social media use and alcohol consumption among students in Uganda : a cross sectional study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Globally, alcohol use significantly contributes to the disease burden. Alcohol consumption in Uganda is related to several health consequences among young people, including university students. Social media is commonly used by students to share academic information and create social networks. Among young people in high-income countries, previous studies have also shown that social media use can have negative health outcomes related to alcohol use, and associated problems. To date, similar studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries are largely missing. Objective To assess the prevalence of and associations between social media use and alcohol consumption among university students in Uganda. Method This was a cross-sectional study among 996 undergraduate students at Makerere University. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Alcohol use in the previous 12 months was the dependent variable. The independent variable was social media use categorised as general use, alcohol-related use, and social media lurking/passive participation. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were reported. Results Nearly all students (97%) used social media and 39% reported alcohol use. Regular alcohol use was significantly associated with moderate (OR = 2.22, CI: 1.35-3.66) and high level general social media use (OR = 2.45, CI: 1.43-4.20). Regular alcohol use was also associated with alcohol-related social media (OR = 6.46, CI: 4.04-10.30), and alcohol-related lurking (OR = 4.59, CI: 2.84-7.39). Similar, although weaker associations were identified for occasional alcohol use. Conclusions Approximately four in ten students reported alcohol use in the past year, and almost all students used social media. Alcohol-related social media use was associated with occasional and regular alcohol use, with stronger associations for regular use. These findings may guide further research and present an opportunity for potential alcohol control interventions to improve health among young populations in low- and middle-income countries.
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| 2. |
- Axaeus, Jennie, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Portar till språk och litteratur : CSL 2007
- 2007
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Språk och litteratur öppnar portar till nya världar. Detta var temat för 2007 års CSL-dag. I denna bok har vi samlat fjorton av bidragen som presenterades på konferensen, skrivna av forskare och studenter vid Karlstads universitet.Håller engelskan på att förstöra svenskan? Är dagens elever sämre på att skriva än ungdomarna var för tjugo år sedan? Skall vi ha en litteraturkanon i skolan - och läser eleverna över huvud taget böcker nu för tiden? Detta är några av de frågor som ställs i artiklarna där svaren kanske kan överraska.Andra artiklar handlar om hur man stimulerar elever till att läsa och skriva, problematiken när det gäller att undervisa i svenska som andraspråk och varför elever väljer - eller inte väljer - att studera något annat främmande språk än engelska. Porten kanske finns där - men den är inte alltid helt lätt att öppna!
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| 4. |
- Bjuresäter, Kaisa, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported Professional Competence Among Swedish Contact Nurses in Cancer Care : A Cross-sectional Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cancer Care Research Online. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 2691-3623. ; 2:3, s. e024-e024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Since 2011, patients in Swedish cancer care have been offered a contact nurse (CN). The CN role is to improve patient participation, care continuity, and provide information and manage patients’ symptoms and needs across the whole continuum of the cancer pathway. A competence profile for the CN role is yet to be developed, and it is important to assess CNs’ self-reported competence to assure that they are well equipped for the role.Objectives: To assess self-reported professional competence among contact nurses working in Swedish cancer care and relate the findings to education level and clinical experience.Methods: The Nurse Professional Competence scale short form (35 items) was used to assess the nurses’ professional competence. Data were collected through a web-based survey in 2017 in 2 regional cancer centers in Sweden.Results: One hundred eight CNs participated in the study and reported highest scores in “value-based nursing care” and lowest scores in “development, leadership, and organization of nursing care.” Higher age, extended clinical work experience, and academic degree were significantly associated with higher competence.Conclusions: CNs with extensive work experience and CNs with an academic degree reported higher scores concerning their generic competence. There is a need in future studies to assess CNs’ specific competence in cancer care.Implications for Practice: There is room for improvement in the competence development of CNs, primarily in the areas of leadership and organization of nursing care.What is Foundational: CNs’ competence regarding leadership and organization should be improved, preferably as part of academic education.
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| 5. |
- Bonander, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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A regression discontinuity analysis of the social distancing recommendations for older adults in Sweden during COVID-19.
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 32:5, s. 799-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This paper investigates the impact of a non-mandatory and age-specific social distancing recommendation on isolation behaviors and disease outcomes in Sweden during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March to July, 2020). The policy stated that people aged 70 years or older should avoid crowded places and contact with people outside the household.METHODS: We used a regression discontinuity design-in combination with self-reported isolation data from COVID Symptom Study Sweden (n = 96,053; age range: 39-79 years) and national register data (age range: 39-100+ years) on severe COVID-19 disease (hospitalization or death, n = 21,804) and confirmed cases (n = 48,984)-to estimate the effects of the policy.RESULTS: Our primary analyses showed a sharp drop in the weekly number of visits to crowded places (-13%) and severe COVID-19 cases (-16%) at the 70-year-threshold. These results imply that the age-specific recommendations prevented approximately 1,800 to 2,700 severe COVID-19 cases, depending on model specification.CONCLUSION: It seems that the non-mandatory, age-specific recommendations helped control COVID-19 disease during the first wave of the pandemic in Sweden, as opposed to not implementing a social distancing policy aimed at older adults. Our study provides empirical data on how populations may react to non-mandatory, age-specific social distancing policies in the face of a novel virus.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Online appendix with figures, tables, extra methods and results.
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| 6. |
- Forsman, Henrietta, et al.
(författare)
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Clusters of competence: Relationship between self-reported professional competence and achievement on a national examination among graduating nursing students
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 76:1, s. 199-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsTo identify clusters based on graduating nursing students’ self‐reported professional competence and their achievement on a national examination. Furthermore, to describe and compare the identified clusters regarding sample characteristics, students’ perceptions of overall quality of the nursing programme and students’ general self‐efficacy.DesignA cross‐sectional study combining survey data and results from a national examination.MethodsData were collected at two universities and one university college in Sweden in January 2017, including 179 students in the final term of the nursing programme. The study was based on the Nurse Professional Competence Scale, the General Self‐Efficacy scale and results from the National Clinical Final Examination. A Two‐Step Cluster Analysis was used to identify competence profiles, followed by comparative analyses between clusters.ResultsThree clusters were identified illustrating students’ different competence profiles. Students in Cluster 1 and 2 passed the examination, but differed in their self‐assessments of competence, rating themselves under and above the overall median value respectively. Students in Cluster 3 failed the examination but rated themselves at the overall median level or higher.ConclusionThe study illustrates how nursing students’ self‐assessed competence might differ from competency assessed by examination, which is challenging for nursing education. Self‐evaluation is a key learning outcome and is, in the long run, essential to patient safety.ImpactThe study has identified clusters of students where some overestimate and others underestimate their competence. Students who assessed their competence low but passed the exam assessed their general self‐efficacy lower than other students. The findings illuminate the need for student‐centered strategies in nursing education, including elements of self‐assessment in relation to examination to make the students more aware of their clinical competence.
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| 7. |
- Gardulf, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Factors of importance for work satisfaction among nurses in a university hospital in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 22:2, s. 151-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shortage of registered nurses in the healthcare sector is a problem in most countries. Swedish nurses tend to leave or seek new positions. However, few Swedish studies have addressed questions regarding what factors are of importance for nurses to perceive work satisfaction although satisfied nurses are linked to many positive organizational outcomes, e.g. improved quality of patient care. The aim of this study was to investigate what factors are of importance for nurses at a university hospital to perceive work satisfaction. Eight hundred and thirty-three nurses responded to the mailed Quality Work Competence questionnaire and the Huddinge University Hospital Model Questionnaire. Regression analyses identifies five factors linked to the head nurses leadership contributing to the nurses' feelings of work satisfaction: 'professional competence is made good use of', 'feeling of satisfaction with immediate superior regarding support for nursing research and development', 'opportunities for developing one's own competence for the current job', 'career opportunities in one's own profession' and 'yearly dialogue for performance appraisal with immediate superior'. The nurses also reported work-related exhaustion. Few saw opportunities for making a career as a nurse. In conclusion, the study identified specific amenable factors linked to the head nurses leadership that are of importance in creating attractive workplaces for nurses.
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| 10. |
- Hellberg Lindqvist, Miriam, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Chlorate reductase is cotranscribed with cytochrome c and other downstream genes in the gene cluster for chlorate respiration of Ideonella dechloratans
- 2015
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Letters. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0378-1097 .- 1574-6968. ; 362:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chlorate-respiring bacterium Ideonella dechloratans is a facultative anaerobe that can use both oxygen and chlorate as terminal electron acceptors. The genes for the enzymes chlorate reductase (clrABDC) and chlorite dismutase, necessary for chlorate metabolism and probably acquired by lateral gene transfer, are located in a gene cluster that also includes other genes potentially important for chlorate metabolism. Among those are a gene for cytochrome c (cyc) whose gene product may serve as an electron carrier during chlorate reduction, a cofactor biosynthesis gene (mobB) and a predicted transcriptional regulator (arsR). Only chlorate reductase and chlorite dismutase have been shown to be expressed in vivo. Here, we report the in vivo production of a single polycistronic transcript covering eight open reading frames including clrABDC, cyc, mobB and arsR. Transcription levels of the cyc and clrA genes were compared to each other by the use of qRT-PCR in RNA preparations from cells grown under aerobic or chlorate reducing anaerobic conditions. The two genes showed the same mRNA levels under both growth regimes, indicating that no transcription termination occurs between them. Higher transcription levels were observed at growth without external oxygen supply. Implications for electron pathway integration following lateral gene transfer are discussed.
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