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- Delsing, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Susceptibility of sensor networks to intentional electromagnetic interference
- 2006
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Ingår i: 2006 17th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Communications Society. - 3952299030 ; , s. 172-175
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is reasonable to think that sensor networks might be part of society critical systems in the future. Therefor this paper discusses and shows the vulnerabilities of sensor networks to intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI). Principle ways of sensor network IEMI is addressed and followed by a discussion on schemes for protection. Experimental results for both in-band and exband interference from low- and high- level sources is reported. It is obvious that more emphasis has to be put on sensor networks susceptibility to IEMI, and in particular more experimental data is needed.
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| 4. |
- Gising, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Trisubstituted Imidazoles as Mycobacterium tuberculosis Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 55:6, s. 2894-2898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (MtGS) is a promising target for antituberculosis drug discovery. In a recent high-throughput screening study we identified several classes of MtGS inhibitors targeting the ATP-binding site. We now explore one of these classes, the 2-tert-butyl-4,5-diarylimidazoles, and present the design, synthesis, and X-ray crystallographic studies leading to the identification of MtGS inhibitors with submicromolar IC(50) values and promising antituberculosis MIC values.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Mats T, et al.
(författare)
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SEQ-ED - AN INTERACTIVE COMPUTER-PROGRAM FOR EDITING, ANALYSIS AND STORAGE OF LONG DNA-SEQUENCES
- 1985
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Ingår i: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN THE BIOSCIENCES. - oxford : Oxford University Press. - 0266-7061. ; 1:1, s. 29-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rapidly growing body of sequenced DNA demands efficient computer programs for its analysis and storage. The program described in this paper, SEQ-ED, has been designed to handle a large number of DNA sequences up to 200 kilobases [kb] long stored in a sequence library. In order to minimize the required storage space, the sequences are stored in a compressed format using three binary digits per base. In the development of this program, special care has been given to make it easy to use for molecular biologists without any previous computer experience.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Mikael T., et al.
(författare)
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Structural basis for the inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase by novel ATP-competitive inhibitors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-2836 .- 1089-8638. ; 393:2, s. 504-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2; also known as γ-glutamyl:ammonia ligase) catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of glutamate and ammonia to form glutamine. The enzyme has essential roles in different tissues and species, which have led to its consideration as a drug or an herbicide target. In this article, we describe studies aimed at the discovery of new antimicrobial agents targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative pathogen of tuberculosis. A number of distinct classes of GS inhibitors with an IC50 of micromolar value or better were identified via high-throughput screening. A commercially available purine analogue similar to one of the clusters identified (the diketopurines), 1-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-3,7-dimethyl-8-morpholin-4-yl-purine-2,6-dione, was also shown to inhibit the enzyme, with a measured IC50 of 2.5 ± 0.4 μM. Two X-ray structures are presented: one is a complex of the enzyme with the purine analogue alone (2.55-Å resolution), and the other includes the compound together with methionine sulfoximine phosphate, magnesium and phosphate (2.2-Å resolution). The former represents a relaxed, inactive conformation of the enzyme, while the latter is a taut, active one. These structures show that the compound binds at the same position in the nucleotide site, regardless of the conformational state. The ATP-binding site of the human enzyme differs substantially, explaining why it has an ∼ 60-fold lower affinity for this compound than the bacterial GS. As part of this work, we devised a new synthetic procedure for generating l-(SR)-methionine sulfoximine phosphate from l-(SR)-methionine sulfoximine, which will facilitate future investigations of novel GS inhibitors.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Patrik T., et al.
(författare)
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Emissions into the air from bitumen and rubber bitumen - Implications for asphalt workers' exposure
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of Work Exposures and Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2398-7308 .- 2398-7316. ; 62:7, s. 828-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk among asphalt workers of developing adverse health effects may increase due to their occupational exposure. One area of special concern arises when rubber granules are mixed into bitumen to enhance asphalt properties. This research characterizes and compares bitumen and rubber bitumen regarding the emissions of and workers' exposure to particulates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzothiazole. A laboratory and a field study were carried out. In the laboratory, two types of bitumen, one with and one without rubber, were heated up to two temperatures (140°C and 160°C). The concentrations and chemical compositions of the emissions were determined. In the field at asphalt work sites, both emissions and worker exposure measurements were performed. The methods applied included direct-reading sampling techniques next to the asphalt work area and personal sampling techniques on asphalt workers. The exposure measurements on asphalt workers for respirable dust, total dust, particle number and mass, and total PAH concentrations showed similar concentrations when both standard and rubber bitumen were used. The asphalt-surfacing machine operators were the workers with the highest observed exposure followed by the screed operators and roller drivers. Both laboratory and field measurements showed higher concentrations of benzothiazole when rubber bitumen was used, up to 7.5 times higher in the laboratory. The levels of naphthalene, benzo(a)pyrene, and total particles were lower for both types compared with the Swedish occupational exposure limits, 8-h time weighted average concentrations. Benzo(a)pyrene exceeded however the health-based guideline value given by the WHO for both types of bitumen. The study concludes that several air pollutants such as benzothiazole and PAHs are emitted into the air during asphalt work, but it is not evident if exposure to rubber bitumen possesses a higher risk than exposure to standard bitumen in terms of asphalt worker exposure.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, T, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal perception thresholds among young adults exposed to hand-transmitted vibration
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - Berlin : Springer. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 81:5, s. 519-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Quantitative sensory testing assesses non-invasively the function of the sensory pathways from receptors to cortex. Studies of workers exposed to vibration support evidence that neuro-sensory hand-arm vibration syndrome also encompasses neuropathy of the small-diameter nerve fibres. OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of disturbed thermal perception developing among young adults exposed to vibration and hand-intensive manual work. The aim also encompasses the study of alternative covariates in small-diameter nerve fibre neuropathy assessment. Methods: This cross-sectional multi-centre study comprised 202 males and females from vocational school programs in auto mechanics, construction and catering. The testing included a baseline questionnaire, a clinical examination focusing on upper extremity disorders and quantitative somatosensory testing. Thermal perception thresholds were assessed, on both hands, second and fifth digits, using a modified Marstock method for warmth and cold. Results: Reduced thermal perception sensitivity was found for digit II compared to digit V, for females compared to males, and between the two study centres. Subjects exposed to vibration at work showed reduced sensitivity to temperature compared to non-vibration exposed. In univariate analyses odds ratios of 1.06 (95% CI 1.006-1.118) and 1.02 (95% CI 0.971-1.078) for reduced perception to cold for the right and left hands, respectively, was found for vibration. This association was lost in multivariate analyses. The study centre was the strongest confounding influence. Conclusions: Sensitivity to temperature appears to be reduced despite the subjects short exposure-time and low exposure to vibration. The effect is small in relation to other confounding factors. A low agreement between the modalities indicates the need for separate tests for cold and warmth. Hand-side, age, stature, and BMI were not important for thermal perception but study centre, gender and choice of digit were. Conventional electro-diagnostic investigations are inadequate for evaluating the status of the small-fibre afferent systems leaving QST of thermal perception as the preferred diagnostic tool.
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| 10. |
- Nordin, E. Z., et al.
(författare)
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Secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline passenger vehicle emissions investigated in a smog chamber
- 2012
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1680-7367 .- 1680-7375. ; 12:12, s. 31725-31765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gasoline vehicles have elevated emissions of volatile organic compounds during cold starts and idling and have recently been pointed out as potentially the main source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities. However, there is a lack of laboratory studies to systematically investigate SOA formation in real-world exhaust. In this study, SOA formation from pure aromatic precursors, idling and cold start gasoline exhaust from one Euro II, one Euro III and one Euro IV passenger vehicles were investigated using photo-oxidation experiments in a 6 m3 smog chamber. The experiments were carried out at atmospherically relevant organic aerosol mass concentrations. The characterization methods included a high resolution aerosol mass spectrometer and a proton transfer mass spectrometer. It was found that gasoline exhaust readily forms SOA with a signature aerosol mass spectrum similar to the oxidized organic aerosol that commonly dominates the organic aerosol mass spectra downwind urban areas. After 4 h aging the formed SOA was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than the Primary OA emissions. The SOA mass spectrum from a relevant mixture of traditional light aromatic precursors gave f43 (mass fraction at m/z = 4 3) approximately two times higher than to the gasoline SOA. However O : C and H : C ratios were similar for the two cases. Classical C6–C9 light aromatic precursors were responsible for up to 60% of the formed SOA, which is significantly higher than for diesel exhaust. Important candidates for additional precursors are higher order aromatic compounds such as C10, C11 light aromatics, naphthalene and methyl-naphthalenes.
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