| 1. |
- Berg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Sequestration of carbon in the humus layer of Swedish forests - direct measurements
- 2009
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. - 0045-5067 .- 1208-6037. ; 39:5, s. 962-975
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine sequestration rates of carbon dioxide (CO2) we calculated the carbon (C) storage rate in humus layers of Swedish forests with Podsolic soils, which account for 14.2 x 106 ha of the 22.7 x 106 ha of forested land in Sweden. Our data set covered 41 years of humus inventories and mean humus layer thickness in 82513 plots. We analysed three forest types: (i) all combinations of tree species, (ii) forests dominated (>70%) by Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and (Ui) forests dominated (>70%) by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). To relate changes in humus layer thickness to land area we used the intersections in 25 km x 25 km grids and used kriging interpolation, permitting calculations for each forest type. For each intersection mean humus thickness for each year was calculated and regressed against time to obtain the rate of change. This rate, humus bulk density, and humus C concentration were used, to calculate sequestration rates. The mean sequestration rate was 251 kg C-ha-1'year1, which is higher than theoretical values. The sequestration rate was positively related to temperature sum, albeit including effects of forest management. The pine-dominated forest type had a mean rate of 283 kgCha⁁year-1, and. the spruce-dominated had a mean rate of 239 kg Cha-1-year1. Under similar site conditions, pine sequestered more C than spruce (difference of 71 kg Cha-1'year-1; p < 0.0001), showing the importance of this type of ecosystem for C sequestration.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Asa, et al.
(författare)
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Linkage disequilibrium between microsatellite markers in the Swedish Sami relative to a worldwide selection of populations
- 2005
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Ingår i: Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-6717 .- 1432-1203. ; 116:1-2, s. 105-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pattern of linkage disequilibriurn (LD) is affected by a number of factors, including population dernography. High LD is seen in populations with a relatively limited and constant size, presurnably due to genetic drift. We have examined the extent of LD arnong over 300 genome-wide pattern microsatellite loci in 29 populations from around the world. The pattern of LD vari ed between populations, with larger extent of LO in populations with limited size relative to larger populations. In addition, the LD between 88 less spaced microsatellite ffiarkers from 10 different genornic regions were examined in the Sami compared to the general Swedish population. For the se ffiarkers increased LD extending up to 5 Mb was detected in the Sami. The arnount of LD also differed between the chrornosornal regions. The arnount of LD in the Sami makes this population suited for mapping ofcornplex genetic traits
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| 3. |
- Liv, Per, 1979-
(författare)
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Efficient strategies for collecting posture data using observation and direct measurement
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Relationships between occupational physical exposures and risks of contracting musculoskeletal disorders are still not well understood; exposure-response relationships are scarce in the musculoskeletal epidemiology literature, and many epidemiological studies, including intervention studies, fail to reach conclusive results. Insufficient exposure assessment has been pointed out as a possible explanation for this deficiency. One important aspect of assessing exposure is the selected measurement strategy; this includes issues related to the necessary number of data required to give sufficient information, and to allocation of measurement efforts, both over time and between subjects in order to achieve precise and accurate exposure estimates. These issues have been discussed mainly in the occupational hygiene literature considering chemical exposures, while the corresponding literature on biomechanical exposure is sparse. The overall aim of the present thesis was to increase knowledge on the relationship between data collection design and the resulting precision and accuracy of biomechanical exposure assessments, represented in this thesis by upper arm postures during work, data which have been shown to be relevant to disorder risk.Four papers are included in the thesis. In papers I and II, non-parametric bootstrapping was used to investigate the statistical efficiency of different strategies for distributing upper arm elevation measurements between and within working days into different numbers of measurement periods of differing durations. Paper I compared the different measurement strategies with respect to the eventual precision of estimated mean exposure level. The results showed that it was more efficient to use a higher number of shorter measurement periods spread across a working day than to use a smaller number for longer uninterrupted measurement periods, in particular if the total sample covered only a small part of the working day. Paper II evaluated sampling strategies for the purpose of determining posture variance components with respect to the accuracy and precision of the eventual variance component estimators. The paper showed that variance component estimators may be both biased and imprecise when based on sampling from small parts of working days, and that errors were larger with continuous sampling periods. The results suggest that larger posture samples than are conventionally used in ergonomics research and practice may be needed to achieve trustworthy estimates of variance components.Papers III and IV focused on method development. Paper III examined procedures for estimating statistical power when testing for a group difference in postures assessed by observation. Power determination was based either on a traditional analytical power analysis or on parametric bootstrapping, both of which accounted for methodological variance introduced by the observers to the exposure data. The study showed that repeated observations of the same video recordings may be an efficient way of increasing the power in an observation-based study, and that observations can be distributed between several observers without loss in power, provided that all observers contribute data to both of the compared groups, and that the statistical analysis model acknowledges observer variability. Paper IV discussed calibration of an inferior exposure assessment method against a superior “golden standard” method, with a particular emphasis on calibration of observed posture data against postures determined by inclinometry. The paper developed equations for bias correction of results obtained using the inferior instrument through calibration, as well as for determining the additional uncertainty of the eventual exposure value introduced through calibration.In conclusion, the results of the present thesis emphasize the importance of carefully selecting a measurement strategy on the basis of statistically well informed decisions. It is common in the literature that postural exposure is assessed from one continuous measurement collected over only a small part of a working day. In paper I, this was shown to be highly inefficient compared to spreading out the corresponding sample time across the entire working day, and the inefficiency was also obvious when assessing variance components, as shown in paper II. The thesis also shows how a well thought-out strategy for observation-based exposure assessment can reduce the effects of measurement error, both for random methodological variance (paper III) and systematic observation errors (bias) (paper IV).
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Factors related to long-duration pain and sick leave among Swedish staff working in the public health service
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 19 (4):19, s. 7-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to provide information about factors related to long-duration pain (LDP) (>3 months), sick leave (SL) and long sick leave (LSL) (>3 months) among staff in the community health services. The specific research question was: To what extent do data on activity, physical function, pain severity, psychological/cognitive factors, expectations of LDP, expectations to be working within 6 months and work satisfaction predict LDP, SL and LSL respectively? Logistic regression analyses were used to test predicted membership in the groups LDP, SL and LSL. In this context prediction refers to statistical prediction only, due to the cross-sectional design. Staff (n = 914) in the public health services in a medium-sized Swedish city completed a questionnaire during the spring of 2000. The results show that musculoskeletal pain and SL for this occupational group are common. Pain severity, expectations of LDP and fear-avoidance increased the odds of being in the LDP group, while kinesiophobia decreased the odds. Pain severity and kinesiophobia increased the odds of being in the SL group, while expectations to be working in 6 months decreased the odds. Only expectations to be working in 6 months predicted membership in the LSL group, decreasing the odds. Although some caution is warranted concerning the representativity of the sample, the results indicate that expectations about pain duration and ability to work are important psychosocial factors in LDP and LSL.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Life values as predictors of pain, disability and sick leave among Swedish registered nurses : a longitudinal study
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Nursing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6955. ; 10, s. 17-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Prospective studies on high-risk populations, such as subgroups of health care staff, are limited, especially prospective studies among staff not on sick-leave. This paper is a report of a longitudinal study conducted to describe and compare the importance and consistency of life domains among registered nurses (RNs) working in a Swedish hospital and evaluate a model based on the consistency of valued life domains for prediction of pain, disability and sick leave.METHOD: Importance and consistency ratings of life values, in 9 domains, were collected during 2003 and 2006 from 196 RNs using the Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ). Logistic regression analyses were used for prediction of pain, disability and sick leave at the three-year follow-up. The predictors family relations, marriage couples/intimate relations, parenting, friends/social life, work, education, leisure time, psychological well-being, and physical self-care were used at baseline.RESULTS: RNs rated life values regarding parenting as most important and with the highest consistency both at baseline and at follow-up. No significant differences were found between RNs' ratings of importance and consistency over the three-year period, except for friends/social relations that revealed a significant decrease in importance at follow-up. The explanatory models for pain, disability and sick leave significantly predicted pain and disability at follow-up. The odds of having pain were significantly increased by one consistency rating (psychological well-being), while the odds were significantly decreased by physical self-care. In the model predicting disability, consistency in psychological well-being and education significantly increased the odds of being disabled, while consistency in physical self-care significantly decreased the odds.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that there might be a link between intra-individual factors reflecting different aspects of appraised life values and musculoskeletal pain (MSP).
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Annika
(författare)
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Musculoskeletal Pain among Health Care Staff : Riskfactors for Pain, Disability and Sick leave
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present thesis is based on four empirical studies concerning risk factors related to musculoskeletal pain (MSP), disability, and sick leave among three non-clinical samples of health care staff. Initially, in Study I, cognitive, behavioural and environmental factors related to MSP of nurses' aides were explored. An experimental design including baseline, intervention and follow-ups among 29 nurses' aides working in a home for the elderly was used to evaluate effects of a workplace intervention based on cognitive behaviour (CB)- and conventional, symptom reduction principles. In Study II, a cross-sectional and correlational design was applied. A self-administered questionnaire was used to describe and investigate the relationship between risk factors and development of persistent pain, sick leave and long sick leave among 914 municipal health care staff. In Study III and IV, a longitudinal design was used among 200 registered nurses (RN) working in a county hospital to describe and predict pain, disability and sick leave. Data collection involved two self-administered questionnaires covering: 1) work and personal factors, pain, disability and sick leave at baseline and 2) valued life dimensions at baseline. The results showed that MSP was common among the staff. Study I showed positive effects among nurses' aides receiving the CB principles related to MSP compared with nurses' aides receiving the conventional principles. In Study II, pain severity and expectations to be working in 6 months were associated with persistent MSP and sick leave, respectively. In Study III, pain, disability and sick leave at baseline were the strongest predictors of pain, disability and sick leave at the three-year follow-up. In Study IV, the findings support the notion that individual values in different life domains are possible predictors of pain and disability.
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| 7. |
- Ross, Alastair B, et al.
(författare)
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Adherence to a traditional lifestyle affects food and nutrient intake among modern Swedish Sami
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Circumpolar Health. - 1239-9736 .- 2242-3982. ; 68:4, s. 372-385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare the nutrient and food intake of Sami still engaged in reindeer herding (traditional lifestyle or reindeer-herding Sami [RS]) and Sami not involved in reindeer herding (industrialized lifestyle or non-reindeer-herding Sami [NRS]) with other northern Swedish populations. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of data from a prospective cardiovascular intervention program in northern Sweden. METHODS: Data were used from a prospective cardiovascular intervention program in northern Sweden. Sami recruited into this study were divided according to whether they were involved in reindeer herding (traditional lifestyle, RS) (66 females, 79 males) or not (NRS) (255 females, 195 males), and compared to non-Sami from the same area taking part in the same study (controls) (499 females, 501 males). Subjects completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and clinical parameters were analysed. RESULTS: RS had a higher overall intake of energy for both females (P<0.01) and males (P<0.05), but not total food intake compared to controls and NRS. The overall Sami diet was characterized by a higher proportion of energy from protein and fat. RS had a lower energy adjusted intake of vitamins A and E, and fibre, and higher intake of sodium. RS and NRS both had a lower intake of vegetables and a higher intake of meat, and for RS, fish. Nutrient and food-intake patterns were similar for males and females. CONCLUSIONS: Classification of Sami into RS and NRS indicates that a traditional lifestyles defined by occupation is reflected in differences in food and nutrient intake.
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| 8. |
- Stake-Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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A Study of Self-Care Practice in Routine Radiotherapy Care: Identifying Differences Between Practitioners and Non-Practitioners in Sociodemographic, Clinical, Functional, and Quality-of-Life-Related Characteristics
- 2022
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Ingår i: Integrative Cancer Therapies. - : Sage Publications. - 1534-7354 .- 1552-695X. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe self-care practice during radiotherapy for cancer and to identify potential differences between practitioners and non-practitioners of self-care regarding sociodemographic, clinical, functional, and quality-of-life-related characteristics.Methods: In this descriptive study, 439 patients (87% response rate) undergoing radiotherapy responded to a study questionnaire regarding self-care, sociodemographic, clinical (eg, experienced symptoms), functional, and quality-of-life-related characteristics.Results: Of the 439 patients, 189 (43%) practiced at least one self-care strategy, while 250 (57%) did not. In total, the patients described 332 self-care practices, resulting in 14 different categories of self-care strategies. The 5 most common indicators of practicing self-care were fatigue, general wellbeing, psychological symptoms, nausea, vomiting and improving physical condition. The 5 most common self-care strategies were physical activity, increased recovery, healthy eating, distraction, and skincare. Patients who were married, were older than 69, patients with less education than university education, patients undergoing a combination of internal and external radiotherapy, patients experiencing fewer than 8 symptoms, and better quality of life, practiced self-care to a lower extent than did other patients. Functional capacity did not differ between self-care practitioners and non-practitioners.Conclusion and Implications for Practice: Of the patients undergoing radiotherapy, slightly less than half practiced self-care during an ordinary week of radiotherapy. Because older and less-educated patients were less likely to practice self-care, cancer care practitioners should consider paying particular attention to helping such patients with their self-care practice.
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| 9. |
- Tödt, Kristina, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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What does self-care practice look like among patients undergoing radiotherapy in routine radiotherapy care?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Palliative & Supportive Care. - : Springer. - 1478-9515 .- 1478-9523. ; 31:S1, s. S162-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionSupporting cancer survivors in practicing evidence-based self-care has a central place in the rehabilitation plan to reduce side-efects of cancer treatment. However, knowledge is needed on the implementation of self-care practice among patients in routine radiotherapy care. Are there diferences in characteristics between self-care practitioners and non-practicing patients?MethodsA study questionnaire including self-care and symptoms was delivered to 507 eligible patients undergoing radiotherapy at radiotherapy clinics in Sweden. The questions about self-care practice were responded by n=439 (51% women, 49% men) with breast (38%), prostate (33%), or other cancer (29%) types.ResultsOf the responding patients, 43% (n=189) practiced some form of self-care. The 332 self-reported descriptions of self-care were categorized into 14 self-care strategies of which six were practiced by more than 10 patients: physical activity (n=113), increased recovery (n=69), healthy eating (n=66), distraction (n=24), skincare (n=20), and self-medication (n=12). The most common indicators for self-care practice were fatigue (experienced by 72 %), general wellbeing (poor general wellbeing experienced by10%), psychological symptoms (worrying experienced by 44% and feeling sad by 42%), nausea (experienced by 34%), vomiting (experienced by 12%), and improving physical condition. Of the patients reporting experience of the above symptoms, 42%, 46%, 48%, 41%, 53%, and 47% practiced selfcare. Older age, relative risk (RR) 2.62, 95% confdence interval (CI) 1.6-4.28 and lower education i.e., elementary and secondary school, RR 1.75,CI 1.00-3.03 and RR 1.46, CI 1.16-1.85 were independently related with increased likelihood of being non-practitioners.ConclusionsRoughly 40% of patients undergoing radiotherapy in a routine care setting practiced self-care. The most common indicator was fatigue, and the most common self-care strategy was physical activity. Half of symptomatic patients are non-practitioners who might beneft from evidenced based self-care. Among them, older and those with lower education might need more support in selfcare than others.
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| 10. |
- Van Laere, Joeri, et al.
(författare)
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Reflections on fusion systems requirements analysis for maintenance planning
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2nd Skövde Workshop on Information Fusion planning. - Skövde, Sweden. - 9789163336973 ; , s. 5-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-defense related industry and public organizations are becoming more and more interested to utilize the power of information fusion applications. The journey from “we have a lot of data from different sources and we would like it to be fused” to well-defined requirements for information fusion applications may however be long and the steps to be taken far from clear. This research in progress paper reflects on the initial steps of a systems requirements analysis in a case study at a maintenance service organization. What questions need to be answered according to existing requirements analysis methods? Where and how can answers be obtained? What problems can arise and how can one handle these? The experiences gathered and discussed can be a basis of the improvement of requirements analysis methods and give a richer understanding of the application of such methods.
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