| 1. |
- Ali, Ashfaq, et al.
(författare)
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Paranoid potato : phytophthora-resistant genotype shows constitutively activated defense
- 2012
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Ingår i: Plant Signaling and Behavior. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1559-2316 .- 1559-2324. ; 7:3, s. 400-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytophthora is the most devastating pathogen of dicot plants. There is a need for resistance sources with different modes of action to counteract the fast evolution of this pathogen. In order to better understand mechanisms of defense against P. infestans, we analyzed several clones of potato. Two of the genotypes tested, Sarpo Mira and SW93-1015, exhibited strong resistance against P. infestans in field trials, whole plant assays and detached leaf assays. The resistant genotypes developed different sizes of hypersensitive response (HR)-related lesions. HR lesions in SW93-1015 were restricted to very small areas, whereas those in Sarpo Mira were similar to those in Solanum demissum, the main source of classical resistance genes. SW93-1015 can be characterized as a cpr (constitutive expressor of PR genes) genotype without spontaneous microscopic or macroscopic HR lesions. This is indicated by constitutive hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production and PR1 (pathogenesis-related protein 1) secretion. SW93-1015 is one of the first plants identified as having classical protein-based induced defense expressed constitutively without any obvious metabolic costs or spontaneous cell death lesions.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Carlson-Nilsson, Ulrika
(författare)
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Facilitation of introgressive hybridization of wild polyploid mexican potato species using DNA markers of R genes and of different cytoplasmic types
- 2017
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Ingår i: Agricultural biology. - : Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya Editorial Office (SBEO), NPO. - 2412-0324. ; 52, s. 964-975
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays potato breeding is targeting to develop genetically divers high yielding varieties with multiple pathogen resistance traits. Interspecific hybridization jointed with marker-Assistantselection (MAS) can effectively combine the R genes from different resistance sources. Additionally to effective pyramiding the target genes, MAS allows to restrict introgression of genetic factors conferring the undesirable traits, for example, male sterility of interspecific hybrids associated with Solanum stoloniferum-derived W/gamma cytoplasm that complicate the traditional breeding. Current study is targeting to search for the opportunities to improve the efficiency of introgressive hybridization between common potato and Mexican polyploid species Solanum. neoantipoviczii (=S. stoloniferum) and S. guerreroense using MAS with DNA markers for different cytoplasmic types and markers associated with major R-genes to the most harmful potato pathogens. DNA-based markers of genes for late blight resistance (R2 like, R3a, Rpi-blb1, Rpi-sto1), for extreme resistance to Potato virus Y (PVY) (Ryadg, Rysto, Ry-fsto) and for H1 gene for resistance to the root cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis, pathotype Ro1) were used in this study. Based on the MAS, hybrid genotypes with different combinations of these markers were selected. Among them, there were the clones with high field resistance to late blight and to PVY. Of 29 hybrid clones from different combinations of crossing with polyploid Mexican species used as the maternal forms, 15 had a W/α cytoplasmic type and were male sterile; both these traits were maternally inherited. The remaining hybrids with W/γ cytoplasm produced fertile pollen and were used in interspecific crosses as pollinators. Selection of resistant clones with W/alpha cytoplasm and elimination of genotypes with sterile W/γ cytoplasm among wild species germplasm could increase the probability of obtaining male fertile introgressive lines. This approach allows to obtain the multi-species hybrid genotypes that combine R genes for resistance to pathogens from different Mexican species and to avoid various types of male sterility in breeding. The joint use of two systems of DNA markers, i.e. nuclear markers associated to R genes, and cytoplasmic markers for male sterility factors, could reduce costs and increase efficiency of target gene pyramiding programs.
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| 4. |
- Carlson-Nilsson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Trait Expression and Environmental Responses of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genetic Resources Targeting Cultivation in the Arctic
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Arctic part of the Nordic region, cultivated crops need to specifically adapt to adverse and extreme climate conditions, such as low temperatures, long days, and a short growing season. Under the projected climate change scenarios, higher temperatures and an earlier spring thaw will gradually allow the cultivation of plants that could not be previously cultivated there. For millennia, Pea (Pisum sativum L.) has been a major cultivated protein plant in Nordic countries but is currently limited to the southern parts of the region. However, response and adaptation to the Arctic day length/light spectrum and temperatures are essential for the productivity of the pea germplasm and need to be better understood. This study investigated these factors and identified suitable pea genetic resources for future cultivation and breeding in the Arctic region. Fifty gene bank accessions of peas with a Nordic landrace or cultivar origin were evaluated in 2-year field trials at four Nordic locations in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and Norway (55 degrees to 69 degrees N). The contrasting environmental conditions of the trial sites revealed differences in expression of phenological, morphological, crop productivity, and quality traits in the accessions. The data showed that light conditions related to a very long photoperiod partly compensated for the lack of accumulated temperature in the far north. A critical factor for cultivation in the Arctic is the use of cultivars with rapid flowering and maturation times combined with early sowing. At the most extreme site (69 degrees N), no accession reached full maturation. Nonetheless several accessions, predominantly landraces of a northern origin, reached a green harvest state. All the cultivars reached full maturation at the sub-Arctic latitude in northern Sweden (63 degrees N) when plants were established early in the season. Seed yield correlated positively with seed number and aboveground biomass, but negatively with flowering time. A high yield potential and protein concentration of dry seed were found in many garden types of pea, confirming their breeding potential for yield. Overall, the results indicated that pea genetic resources are available for breeding or immediate cultivation, thus aiding in the northward expansion of pea cultivation. Predicted climate changes would support this expansion.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Caspersen, Siri, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphorus efficiency of potato varieties differing in maturity type
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of phosphorus fertilization on yield and phosphorus uptake and to compare the phosphorus efficiency for six potato varieties. During 2011 and 2012, field experiments were conducted on soils containing low levels of available phosphorus. Phosphorus fertilizer was added in the amounts of 0, 30 and 60 kg phosphorus per ha. In 2011, soil heterogeneity was large and tuber yield was increased by phosphorus addition only as a mean over all varieties. In 2012, an improved tuber yield by phosphorus fertilization was observed for most varieties. The weight of the larger tuber fractions was generally increased by phosphorus fertilization. Phosphorus efficiency, calculated as tuber dry weight per unit of fertilizer phosphorus added, tended to be higher for late than for early or intermediate varieties. The results indicate that late varieties might be more suitable than earlier varieties for locations were the risk of nutrient losses is high.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Overview and Breeding Strategies of Table Potato Production in Sweden and the Fennoscandian Region
- 2016
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Ingår i: Potato Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0014-3065 .- 1871-4528. ; 59, s. 279-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent reductions in the public commitment to potato breeding in Sweden, Norway and Finland call for an evaluation of the current situation regarding the commercial basis for, and structure of, potato breeding in these countries. We here review the extent of cultivation, processing and consumption of table potato in Sweden, as well as provide an overview of the potato breeding tools and programmes in the three countries. We then discuss various strategies to provide long-term stability and increase the impact of public potato breeding, based on the similar overall conditions for potato cultivation across the Fennoscandian region. The conclusions are twofold; first, an increased long-term funding of the public potato breeding programmes is necessary to maintain a minimum level of material, and second, a coordination of the breeding activities in the Fennoscandian region would be of great benefit to all involved stakeholders and allow an enhancement of the current national breeding programmes. In addition, we propose a minimum first field year population size for potato breeding.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lenman, Marit, et al.
(författare)
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Effector-driven marker development and cloning of resistance genes against Phytophthora infestans in potato breeding clone SW93-1015
- 2016
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Ingår i: TAG Theoretical and Applied Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0040-5752 .- 1432-2242. ; 129, s. 105-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytophthora infestans is one of the most devastating plant pathogens worldwide. We have earlier found that the SW93-1015 potato breeding clone has an efficient resistance against P. infestans under field conditions in Sweden, which has an unusually high local diversity of the pathogen. This potato clone has characteristics that are different from classical R-gene-mediated resistance such as elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under controlled conditions. Analysis of 76 F1 potato progenies from two individual crosses resulted in nearly 50 % resistant clones, from both crosses. This result suggests that the SW93-1015 clone has a simplex genotype for this trait. Screening with over 50 different P. infestans effectors, containing the conserved motif RXLR (for Arg, any amino acid, Leu, Arg), revealed a specific response to Avr2, which suggests that SW93-1015 might contain a functional homolog of the R2 resistance gene. We cloned eight R2 gene homologs from SW93-1015, whereof seven have not been described before and one gene encoded a protein identical to Rpi-ABPT. Expression of this gene in potato cultivar D,sir,e provided R2-specific resistance, whereas other homologues did not. Using RNAseq analyses we designed a new DNA marker for the R2 resistance in SW93-1015. In summary, we have demonstrated the use of effector screening in practical breeding material and revealed the key resistance mechanism for SW93-1015.
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