| 1. |
- Davies, G., et al.
(författare)
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Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
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| 2. |
- Thompson, Paul M., et al.
(författare)
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The ENIGMA Consortium : large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data
- 2014
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Ingår i: BRAIN IMAGING BEHAV. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1931-7557 .- 1931-7565. ; 8:2, s. 153-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine, ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA's first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected discoveries made on the way.
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| 3. |
- Schacter, Daniel L., et al.
(författare)
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Endel Tulving (1927-2023) [Obituary]
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Elsevier. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 111:22, s. 3502-3504
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Hagg, S, et al.
(författare)
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Short telomere length is associated with impaired cognitive performance in European ancestry cohorts
- 2017
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Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 7:4, s. e1100-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between telomere length (TL) dynamics on cognitive performance over the life-course is not well understood. This study meta-analyses observational and causal associations between TL and six cognitive traits, with stratifications on APOE genotype, in a Mendelian Randomization (MR) framework. Twelve European cohorts (N=17 052; mean age=59.2±8.8 years) provided results for associations between qPCR-measured TL (T/S-ratio scale) and general cognitive function, mini-mental state exam (MMSE), processing speed by digit symbol substitution test (DSST), visuospatial functioning, memory and executive functioning (STROOP). In addition, a genetic risk score (GRS) for TL including seven known genetic variants for TL was calculated, and used in associations with cognitive traits as outcomes in all cohorts. Observational analyses showed that longer telomeres were associated with better scores on DSST (β=0.051 per s.d.-increase of TL; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.024, 0.077; P=0.0002), and MMSE (β=0.025; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.047; P=0.03), and faster STROOP (β=−0.053; 95% CI: −0.087, −0.018; P=0.003). Effects for DSST were stronger in APOE ɛ4 non-carriers (β=0.081; 95% CI: 0.045, 0.117; P=1.0 × 10−5), whereas carriers performed better in STROOP (β=−0.074; 95% CI: −0.140, −0.009; P=0.03). Causal associations were found for STROOP only (β=−0.598 per s.d.-increase of TL; 95% CI: −1.125, −0.072; P=0.026), with a larger effect in ɛ4-carriers (β=−0.699; 95% CI: −1.330, −0.069; P=0.03). Two-sample replication analyses using CHARGE summary statistics showed causal effects between TL and general cognitive function and DSST, but not with STROOP. In conclusion, we suggest causal effects from longer TL on better cognitive performance, where APOE ɛ4-carriers might be at differential risk.
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| 5. |
- Magnusson Hanson, Linda L., et al.
(författare)
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Work related sexual harassment and risk of suicide and suicide attempts: prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bmj-British Medical Journal. - : BMJ. - 1756-1833. ; 370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To analyse the relation between exposure to workplace sexual harassment and suicide, as well as suicide attempts. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Sweden. PARTICIPANTS 86 451 men and women of working age in paid work across different occupations responded to a self-report questionnaire including exposure to work related sexual harassment between 1995 and 2013. The analytical sample included 85 205 people with valid data on sexual harassment, follow-up time, and age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Suicide and suicide attempts ascertained from administrative registers (mean follow-up time 13 years). RESULTS Among the people included in the respective analyses of suicide and suicide attempts, 125 (0.1%) died from suicide and 816 (1%) had a suicide attempt during follow-up (rate 0.1 and 0.8 cases per 1000 person years). Overall, 11 of 4095 participants exposed to workplace sexual harassment and 114 of 81 110 unexposed participants committed suicide, and 61/4043 exposed and 755/80 513 unexposed participants had a record of suicide attempt. In Cox regression analyses adjusted for a range of sociodemographic characteristics, workplace sexual harassment was associated with an excess risk of both suicide (hazard ratio 2.82, 95% confidence interval 1.49 to 5.34) and suicide attempts (1.59, 1.21 to 2.08), and risk estimates remained significantly increased after adjustment for baseline health and certain work characteristics. No obvious differences between men and women were found. CONCLUSIONS The results support the hypothesis that workplace sexual harassment is prospectively associated with suicidal behaviour. This suggests that suicide prevention considering the social work environment may be useful. More research is, however, needed to determine causality, risk factors for workplace sexual harassment, and explanations for an association between work related sexual harassment and suicidal behaviour.
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| 6. |
- Blindow, Katrina J., et al.
(författare)
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Gender-based harassment in Swedish workplaces and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality : A prospective cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Nordic Association of Occupational Safety and Health (NOROSH). - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 49:6, s. 395-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The study investigated experiences of different types of work-related gender-based harassment (GBH), specifically sexual and gender harassment, as risk factors for alcohol-related morbidity and mortality (ARMM).Methods: Information about experiences of (i) sexual harassment (SH-I) and (ii) gender harassment (GH-I) from inside the organization and (iii) sexual harassment from a person external to the organization (SH-E) were obtained from the Swedish Work Environment Survey 1995–2013, a biannual cross-sectional survey, administered to a representative sample of the Swedish working population. The survey responses from 86 033 individuals were connected to multiple registers containing information about alcohol-related diagnoses, treatment, or cause of death. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to assess hazard ratios (HR) of incident ARMM during a mean follow-up of eight (SH-I and GH-I) and ten (SH-E) years.Results: A higher prospective risk estimate of ARMM was found among participants who reported experiences of SH-E [HR 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61–2.52], GH-I (HR 1.33, CI 1.03–1.70), or SH-I (HR 2.37, CI 1.42–3.00). Additional analyses, distinguishing one-time from reoccurring harassment experiences, indicated a dose–response relationship for all three harassment types. Gender did not modify the associations. Under the assumption of causality, 9.3% (95% CI 5.4–13.1) of the risk of ARMM among Swedish women and 2.1% (95% CI 0.6–3.6) among Swedish men would be attributable to any of the three types of GBH included in this study.Conclusions: Experiences of GBH in the work context may be a highly relevant factor in the etiology of ARMM.
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| 7. |
- Cronhjort, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Competences developed in a double degree programme : Master of science in engineering and in education
- 2017
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Ingår i: INTED2017. - : IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION A& DEVELOPMENT. - 9788461784912 ; , s. 1762-1767
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since 2002 there has been a double degree programme in Stockholm, Sweden thanks to a joint venture between KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University. After five years of studying, which is the stipulated time for the teacher programme and engineering programmes in general, the graduates become engineers and teachers. By choosing this programme the graduates have the option of two professions during their careers. At present Sweden is in desperate need of more teachers in maths, science, and technology. These career options also offer flexibility when the number of teenagers decreases, or companies have to downsize. Sceptics might fear that this programme could lead to less competence, due to less time spent on specialising within the subjects of engineering, but according to Trevelyan most engineers spend more time on human interaction than on design and calculus [1]. Thus, studies in education can provide engineers with additional useful competence. Previous studies on double degree programmes have mainly focused on organizational problems, except for Wimshurst & Manning who mapped students' ongoing experiences when they combined a degree in criminology with degrees in other disciplines. These students complained about disjoint courses instead of joint discourses [2]. The aim of our study is to map and analyse: 1 how alumni evaluate this programme in retrospect, and 2 how they describe their present competences. Accordingly, 49 alumni answered a questionnaire in June 2016; and 15 of these respondents were selected for a tape recorded interview face to face. These alumni graduated from the programme 2-9 years ago. The data were coded according to principles of Grounded Theory [3]. In retrospect these alumni do appreciate the programme. Most respondents comment on the merits of maths learnt at KTH, though only a minority of engineers use higher maths as a practical tool. On the other hand, maths serves as a prototype for problem solving in general. Studies and training in leadership, learning theories and communication offer important tools for most engineers. Alumni employed as teachers claim that they are more well-prepared to teach maths, science, and technology than other teachers, partly because they can illustrate phenomena by giving examples from other realities than the school context. Alumni's descriptions of their present competence illuminate various combinations of engineering and educational skills. When data were coded three main categories emerged: material, processual and functional. Finally, the core category was formulated as follows: The programme matches new needs in present working life, i.e. that expertise knowledge is communicated to various kinds of recipients. The programme does not primarily reproduce labour, but rather support alumni in creating niches for themselves by pushing, widening and going beyond previous professional roles in working life. Conclusion: The double degree programme provides labour market with competent teachers and with communicative engineers. This is important in our era, when working life is partly transforming from standardized production into flexible knowledge processing.
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| 8. |
- Cronhjort, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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DOUBLE DEGREES : HITS AND PITS FOR THE CAREERS
- 2017
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Ingår i: INTED2017. - : IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION A& DEVELOPMENT. - 9788461784912 ; , s. 4302-4309
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most of the programmes at KTH Royal Institute of Technology are engineering programmes with traditional contents, but some are norm-breaking innovations, created to respond to changes or demands perceived in society or in working life. One example is the double degree programme Master of Science in Engineering and in Education, given in cooperation with Stockholm University. In this programme students get two degrees, one in engineering and one in education as teachers for the upper secondary school. This is a rather unusual concept in Sweden and Europe, but similar programmes exist in Gothenburg, Sweden, and in Tampere, Finland. Graduates from Master of Science in Engineering and in Education have several career options. Their engineering degrees are characterised by much Mathematics and Pedagogics, but also contain a specialisation in Physics, Chemistry or Technology/Computer Science. Besides working as engineers, graduates can work as teachers in the upper secondary school. It is a challenge for students in these double degree programmes to develop two professional identities [1]. Similar identity problems also exist for scientists who later add a second career as teacher, but they focus on one career at a time, which could make it easier [2]. In this study we focus on how alumni from Master of Science in Engineering and in Education describe their working tasks and careers, and how they perceive their success on the job market. Data were gathered by means of questionnaires and interviews. The development of the careers was addressed in a web questionnaire, sent out in the spring 2016 to alumni who graduated 2-9 years ago (49 respondents). To get more details, we invited 17 of the respondents to follow up interviews. The programme exit survey, given to all graduates within 12 months from their graduation, provides a picture of the introduction to working life (106 respondents). Preliminary results indicate that a little more than half of the graduates work in business, about 30% work as teachers, and about 10% are employed at universities. 2-9 years later, only a slightly higher percentage seems to have been working as teachers. About 10% of the alumni seem to have been working as engineers as well as teachers, and about 20% with education in another context than school. More than 50% of the respondents think that they have been favoured on the job market by having studied this particular double degree programme. About 40% express that they have been neither or both disadvantaged and favoured, and about 10% think that they have been disadvantaged. Some express that they were more favoured on the job market for teachers than on the job market for engineers. The interviews provide details about the introduction to working life. Those who work as teachers seem to have a busy first year. They perceive that their subject knowledge is appreciated and many have additional responsibilities as e.g. scheduler, head of department, or for the learning management system. When applying for jobs in engineering, many find it challenging to explain their qualifications to an employer. Especially outside of Stockholm, few employers seem to have knowledge of the programme and of double degrees in engineering and in education. Many respondents seem to find the first year as an engineer to be a soft start, but some data indicate that they may advance rapidly towards more difficult challenges and responsibilities.
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| 9. |
- Framke, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of income and job strain to the association between education and cardiovascular disease in 1.6 million Danish employees
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 41:11, s. 1164-1178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: We examined the extent to which associations between education and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality are attributable to income and work stress.Methods and results: We included all employed Danish residents aged 30–59 years in 2000. Cardiovascular disease morbidity analyses included 1 638 270 individuals, free of cardiometabolic disease (CVD or diabetes). Mortality analyses included 41 944 individuals with cardiometabolic disease. We assessed education and income annually from population registers and work stress, defined as job strain, with a job-exposure matrix. Outcomes were ascertained until 2014 from health registers and risk was estimated using Cox regression. During 10 957 399 (men) and 10 776 516 person-years (women), we identified 51 585 and 24 075 incident CVD cases, respectively. For men with low education, risk of CVD was 1.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58–1.66] before and 1.46 (95% CI 1.42–1.50) after adjustment for income and job strain (25% reduction). In women, estimates were 1.66 (95% CI 1.61–1.72) and 1.53 (95% CI 1.47–1.58) (21% reduction). Of individuals with cardiometabolic disease, 1736 men (362 234 person-years) and 341 women (179 402 person-years) died from CVD. Education predicted CVD mortality in both sexes. Estimates were reduced with 54% (men) and 33% (women) after adjustment for income and job strain.Conclusion: Low education predicted incident CVD in initially healthy individuals and CVD mortality in individuals with prevalent cardiometabolic disease. In men with cardiometabolic disease, income and job strain explained half of the higher CVD mortality in the low education group. In healthy men and in women regardless of cardiometabolic disease, these factors explained 21–33% of the higher CVD morbidity and mortality.
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| 10. |
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