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- Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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FISH AND SEABIRD SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE AROUND THE LARGEST SEABIRD COLONY IN THE BALTIC SEA
- 2018
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Ingår i: Marine Ornithology. - 1018-3337 .- 2074-1235. ; 46:1, s. 61-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the at-sea distribution of two auks (Common Murre Uria aalge, Razorbill Alca torda), two gulls (Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus, Herring Gull Larus argentatus), and Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo during the peak breeding season of 2014 around Stora Karlso, the main Baltic Sea seabird colony. Simultaneously, we quantified forage fish abundance and distribution using hydro-acoustics and pelagic trawling. The auks and gulls had a roughly similar distribution, foraging mainly about 40 km west-northwest from the colony. Great Cormorants were found only in inshore areas, close to the colony. Sprat Sprattus sprattus and herring Clupea harengus biomass was, respectively, 1.38 and 2.68 mt/km(2) averaged over the whole study area. These estimates represent a total biomass for small pelagic fish of 17 900 t in the 4 408 km(2) study area. The estimated prey consumption over the breeding season was 2 310 t for Common Murre and Razorbill combined. Thus, auks may have a non-negligible impact on their prey sources in the region. Common Murres foraged closer to the colony (median 36.3 km) than Razorbills (median 41.1 km), but we found no significant correlation between auk at-sea numbers and fish densities. We discuss how new technology can contribute to detailed monitoring of the interactions between seabirds and fish at different spatial and temporal scales, with the ultimate aim of providing a scientific basis for ecosystem-based management.
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| 3. |
- Lindgren, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Prediction of Forest Variables Using Data Assimilation of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Data
- 2017
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0703-8992 .- 1712-7971. ; 43, s. 374-383
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The statistical framework of data assimilation provides methods for utilizing new data for obtaining up-to-date forest data: existing forest data are forecasted and combined with each new remote sensing data set. This new paradigm for updating forest database, well known from other fields of study, will provide a framework for utilizing all available remote sensing data in proportion to their quality to improve prediction. It also solves the problem that not all remote sensing data sets provide information for the entire area of interest, since areas with no remote sensing data can be forecasted until new remote sensing data become available. In this study, extended Kalman filtering was used for assimilating data from 19 TanDEM-X InSAR images on 137 sample plots, each of 10-meter radius at a test site in southern Sweden over a period of 4 years. At almost all time points data assimilation resulted in predictions closer to the reference value than predictions based on data from that single time point. For the study variables Lorey's mean height, basal area, and stem volume, the median reduction in root mean square error was 0.4 m, 0.9 m(2)/ha, and 15.3 m(3)/ha (2, 3, and 6 percentage points), respectively.
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| 4. |
- Olsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Askåterföring och biogasuppgradering med träbränsleaska
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wood fuel ash is a resource that should be used for nutrient recycling to forest land andwhich also has the potential to be used for small-scale upgrading of biogas into CNG foruse as vehicle fuel. In the biogas upgrading process, carbon dioxide is fixed through acarbonation process. The carbonation process is also an important part of theconventional ash recycling process, since ash to be returned to forest is usually stabilizedby storing in a pile for a significant period of time to allow the carbon dioxide of the airto act on the ash. This project has explored the possibilities of developing a technicalsystem and business models that can lead to ash filter technology being used to processbiogas into vehicle fuel while at the same time contributing to more wood fuel ash beingreturn to forest land. Work has shown that the preconditions are good for the ashproducers existing infrastructure to be well suited for use in a future system where thebiogas plant replaces the role of the ash terminal for stabilizing the ash. Desirableproperties for ash used for biogas upgrading is that it has a high content of CaO and anability to hold water without creating backpressure in the ash bed, and that the biogasstabilized ash meets the limit values for heavy metals and nutrients for return to forest.Within the project tests were carried out with 10 tonnes of moistened ash involving shortterm storage of fresh ash, ash stabilization in biogas upgrading filters and subsequentreturn to forest land. The biogas stabilized ash had a very low conductivity in relation tothe limit value, showed a lowering of the pH value from close to 13 to below 10 and metthe limit values for heavy metals and plant nutrients for spreading on forest land. Thespreading trail with biogas stabilized ash to forest land showed an acceptable distributionpattern and did not cause any damage to the trees. A slightly higher moisture contentprobably would have further improved the distribution pattern. The tests were successfuland showed that there is good potential for biogas stabilized ashes to be spread with ashrecycling technology currently in use.In a system where biogas upgrading with ash filter technology is integrated into the ashrecycling chain, the biogas plant will act as a micro-terminal, where ash is handled closerto the ash producer and the distribution site compared to a conventional terminal. Inorder for this to be effective, one partner must be able to coordinate transportation ofash and ensure the ash quality, which in many cases can be an ash contractor. It is alsoof the utmost importance that forest operators and landowners are involved to secureend-users for the stabilized wood fuel ash. The economic calculations show that the costfor ash producers and forest owners would be in the same order of magnitude as for thecurrent ash recycling system. However, there is a potential that ash filter technology cancreate a product of a more uniform and higher quality while at the same time upgradingthe biogas to vehicle gas quality. The system will also contribute to local production ofvehicle fuel and an increased supply of biofuel in rural areas. Revenues from theupgraded biogas are expected to cover a large part of the costs incurred at the biogasplant linked to ash management. However, the cost of handling ash at a biogas plant isdependent on local conditions such as whether the ash is supplied dry or moistened andwhat carbon dioxide uptake capacity it has.In order to be able to handle ashes from smaller biomass energy plants and other ashproducers that currently deliver dry ash to end-users, it would be desirable to continuework on cost-effective methods for dust-free reception at biogas plants. Furthermore,there is a need for continued work linked to the storage of fresh ash. From a logisticalperspective there is a need to store the ash for shorter periods to get more efficienttransport and to be able to store ash from the winter season for use during the summer.For a long-term successful implementation of the developed system, it is important tocontinue to address the challenge linked to the forest owners’ interest in spreading ashin the future. For a smaller biogas plant that handles 500 tonnes / year of dry ash, acollaboration with up to 200-300 forest owners may be needed to find the distributionarea for the ash over time. The challenge of finding end users for the stabilized ash isshared by other players in the ash value chain and the project group sees opportunitiesthat local use of ash for production of vehicle gas to the community could provide apositive local connection that will aid in the work for increased ash recycling.
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| 5. |
- Ottosson, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Species associations during the succession of wood-inhabiting fungal communities
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fungal ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 11, s. 17-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied fungal succession in decaying wood by compiling time-series data of fruit body observations. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of a primary species affects the probability of a succeeding species occurring later on the same log. Significant associations were detected for 15 species pairs; these were consistent with earlier findings on cooccurrence patterns in single time surveys. We used enrichment analysis to test if species with particular life-history attributes were more often associated with the occurrence of a succeeding species, or vice versa. White rot fungi and fungi abundant as mycelia were more often associated with the occurrence of succeeding species, compared to brown rot fungi and species with low mycelial abundance. Our results indicate that certain primary species cause priority effects and non-random co-occurrence patterns in the field. These successional patterns are likely to be connected both with substrate modification and species interactions.
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| 6. |
- Scaini, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Pathways from research to sustainable development: Insights from ten research projects in sustainability and resilience
- 2024
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Ingår i: AMBIO. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on collective experience from ten collaborative research projects focused on the Global South, we identify three major challenges that impede the translation of research on sustainability and resilience into better-informed choices by individuals and policy-makers that in turn can support transformation to a sustainable future. The three challenges comprise: (i) converting knowledge produced during research projects into successful knowledge application; (ii) scaling up knowledge in time when research projects are short-term and potential impacts are long-term; and (iii) scaling up knowledge across space, from local research sites to larger-scale or even global impact. Some potential pathways for funding agencies to overcome these challenges include providing targeted prolonged funding for dissemination and outreach, and facilitating collaboration and coordination across different sites, research teams, and partner organizations. By systematically documenting these challenges, we hope to pave the way for further innovations in the research cycle.
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