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| 2. |
- Burman, Jan-Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Automated inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry based on a sequential reading monochromator
- 1981
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Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta : Computer Techniques and Optimization. - 0378-4304. ; 133:3, s. 379-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An automated computer-controlled sequential reading monochromator system for optical emission spectrometry with an inductively-coupled plasma as source is described. The system selects the set of emission lines which are best suited for each type of sample. Multi-element analysis of major and trace elements is done automatically, including sample changing, calibration, background correction and presentation of results.
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| 3. |
- Conradsson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Berg Balance Scale : intrarater test-retest reliability among older people dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 87:9, s. 1155-1163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is frequently used to assess balance in older people, but knowledge is lacking about the absolute reliability of BBS scores. The aim of this study was to investigate the absolute and relative intrarater test-retest reliability of data obtained with the BBS when it is used among older people who are dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities. The participants were 45 older people (36 women and 9 men) who were living in 3 residential care facilities. Their mean age was 82.3 years (SD=6.6, range=68-96), and their mean score on the Mini Mental State Examination was 17.5 (SD=6.3, range=4-30). The BBS was assessed twice by the same assessor. The intrarater test-retest reliability assessments were made at approximately the same time of day and with 1 to 3 days in between assessments. Absolute reliability was calculated using an analysis of variance with a 95% confidence level, as suggested by Bland and Altman. Relative reliability was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The mean score was 30.1 points (SD=15.9, range=3-53) for the first BBS test and 30.6 points (SD=15.6, range=4-54) for the retest. The mean absolute difference between the 2 tests was 2.8 points (SD=2.7, range=0-11). The absolute reliability was calculated as being 7.7 points, and the ICC was calculated to .97. Despite a high ICC value, the absolute reliability showed that a change of 8 BBS points is required to reveal a genuine change in function among older people who are dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities. This knowledge is important in the clinical setting when evaluating an individual's change in balance function over time in this group of older people.
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| 6. |
- Conradsson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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The Berg Balance Scale : Intra-rater reliability in older people dependent in ADL and living in residential care facilities
- 2006
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the absolute and the relative intra-rater reliability of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) among older people who are dependent in activities of daily living (ADL) and living in residential care facilities.Methods: The participants were 45 older people, 36 females and 9 men, who were dependent in ADL and living in three residential care facilities. Their mean age ± SD was 82.3 ± 6.6 (range 68-96) and mean ± SD of Mini Mental State Examination score was 17.5 ± 6.3 (range 4-30). The BBS was assessed twice by the same assessor, at approximately the same time of day, and with 1-3 days in between. The absolute reliability for the difference in score between the two test occasions was calculated with the Bland and Altman analysis of variance with 95 % confidence level. The relative reliability was calculated with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).Results: For the first test of the BBS, mean ± SD was 30.1 ± 15.9 (range 3-53) points and for the retest 30.6 ± 15.6 (range 4-54). The absolute difference between the two test occasions was in mean ± SD 2.8 ± 2.7 (range 0-11) points. The absolute intra-rater reliability was calculated to 7.7 points and the ICC value was 0.97. Conclusions: Despite a high ICC value, the result of the absolute reliability show that a change of 8 BBS points is required to reveal a genuine change of function among older people who are dependent in ADL and living in residential care facilities. This knowledge is important in the clinical setting when evaluating an individual's change in balance function over time.
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| 7. |
- Egberth, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Combining airborne laser scanning and Landsat data for statistical modeling of soil carbon and tree biomass in Tanzanian Miombo woodlands
- 2017
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Ingår i: Carbon Balance and Management. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1750-0680. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil carbon and biomass depletion can be used to identify and quantify degraded soils,and by using remote sensing, there is potential to map soil conditions over large areas.Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager satellite data and airborne laser scanning datawere evaluated separately and in combination for modeling soil organic carbon, aboveground tree biomass and below ground tree biomass. The test site is situated in theLiwale district in southeastern Tanzania and is dominated by Miombo woodlands. Treedata from 15m radius field-surveyed plots and samples of soil carbon down to a depthof 30cm were used as reference data for tree biomass and soil carbon estimations.Cross-validated plot level error (RMSE) for predicting soil organic carbon was 28%using only Landsat 8, 26% using laser only, and 23% for the combination of the two.The plot level error for above ground tree biomass was 66% when using only Landsat8, 50% for laser and 49% for the combination of Landsat 8 and laser data. Results forbelow ground tree biomass were similar to above ground biomass. Additionally it wasfound that an early dry season satellite image was preferable for modelling biomasswhile images from later in the dry season were better for modelling soil carbon.The results show that laser data is superior to Landsat 8 when predicting both soilcarbon and biomass above and below ground in landscapes dominated by Miombowoodlands. Furthermore, the combination of laser data and Landsat data weremarginally better than using laser data only.
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| 8. |
- Ittner, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate evaluation of blast damage from emulsion explosives in tunnels excavated in crystalline rock
- 2019
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Ingår i: Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0886-7798 .- 1878-4364. ; 85, s. 331-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blast damage in tunnels is usually regulated in Swedish infrastructure contracts as it can influence the quality and lifecycle cost for tunneling projects. The topic is important for underground constructions with a long operation period such as tunnels for public transport, permanent access tunnels in mines or underground repositories for nuclear waste. This paper aims to evaluate the influence of design and geology variables on the resulting blast fracture length and frequency by means of multivariate data analysis. The analysis was based on data from five field investigations carried out at tunnel sites in Sweden and Finland where emulsion explosives were used. Data was compiled and analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Charge concentration was found to be the most influential design variable and hole spacing had limited influence on blast fracturing. Results from the PCA suggest that blast fractures length could be dependent also on geology and natural fractures. Three main groups of fracture patterns were identified, one group with relatively few and short blast fractures, a group with several longer blast fractures and a group with few or a single long blast fracture. The result shows differences in fracture length between the column and bottom charge part of the contour holes, with blast fracture lengths up to approx. 40 cm for the column charge and up to approx. 60 cm for the bottom charge.
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| 9. |
- Littbrand, Håkan, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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A high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program for older people dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities : evaluation of the applicability with focus on cognitive function
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 86:4, s. 489-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Knowledge concerning the applicability and the effect of high-intensity exercise programs is very limited for older people with severe cognitive and physical impairments. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of a high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program among older people who are dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities. A second aim was to analyze whether cognitive function was associated with the applicability of the program. SUBJECTS: The subjects were 91 older people (mean age=85.3 years, SD=6.1, range=68-100) who were dependent in personal activities of daily living and randomly assigned to participate in an exercise intervention. Their mean score for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was 17.5 (SD=5.0, range=10-29). METHODS: A high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program was performed in groups of 3 to 7 participants who were supervised by physical therapists. There were 29 exercise sessions over 13 weeks. Attendance, intensity of lower-limb strength and balance exercises, and occurrence and seriousness of adverse events were the outcome variables in evaluating the applicability of the program. RESULTS: The median attendance rate was 76%. Lower-limb strength exercises with high intensity were performed in a median of 53% of the attended exercise sessions, and balance exercises with high intensity were performed in a median of 73% of the attended exercise sessions. The median rate of sessions with adverse events was 5%. All except 2 adverse events were assessed as minor and temporary, and none led to manifest injury or disease. No significant differences were observed in applicability when comparing participants with dementia and participants without dementia. In addition, there was no significant correlation between applicability and the MMSE score. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program is applicable for use, regardless of cognitive function, among older people who are dependent in activities of daily living, living in residential care facilities, and have an MMSE score of 10 or higher.
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