| 1. |
- Drake, Isabel, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites as biomarkers for whole-grain intake and their association with prostate cancer: a Swedish nested case-control study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 23:1, s. 73-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Observational studies have mostly found no association between self-reported whole-grain (WG) intake and prostate cancer (PCa). Plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites have been suggested as biomarkers for WG intake in free-living populations. Methods:We investigated the major dietary and lifestyle determinants of plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites in a nested case-control study (1,016 cases and 1817 controls) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Multivariate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated to assess the association between plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites and PCa using logistic regression. Results:WG intake, waist circumference, educational level and smoking status were the main determinants of alkylresorcinol metabolites. We observed significant correlations between alkylresorcinol metabolites and WG (r=0.31) and fiber (r=0.27) intake. Metabolite concentration was positively associated with PCa risk (P overall effect = 0.0004) but the association was not linear (P = 0.04). The lowest risk was seen among men with moderate plasma concentrations. The OR for high compared to moderate plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.10-1.80) for PCa. Conclusions:Results suggest that plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites are mainly determined by WG intake in this nested-case control study of Swedish men. The increased risk of PCa seen among men with high plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites requires further study, but residual confounding, detection bias or competing risk of non-PCa related deaths are plausible explanations that could not be ruled out. Impact:We found no evidence of a protective effect of WG on incident PCa. Further validation of alkylresorcinol metabolites as a biomarker for WG intake is needed.
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| 2. |
- Ericson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Folate intake, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk in women from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 18:4, s. 1101-1110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the folate-metabolizing enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) may modify associations between folate intake and breast cancer. We examined if the association between tertiles of dietary folate equivalents (DFE) and breast cancer was different in subgroups according to genotypes of the MTHFR 677 C>T (rs1801133) and 1298A>C (rs1801131) SNPs and if the polymorphisms per se were associated with breast cancer. METHODS: This nested case-control study included 544 incident cases with invasive breast cancer and 1,088 controls matched on age and blood sampling date from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Genotyping of the MTHFR SNPs was done with PCR-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Odds ratios (OR) were obtained by unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: DFE was positively associated with breast cancer in MTHFR 677CT/TT-1298AA women (P for trend = 0.01) but inversely associated in compound heterozygous women (P for trend = 0.01). Interaction was observed between DFE and the 1298C allele (P = 0.03). The 677T allele was associated with increased breast cancer risk in women above 55 years [multivariate adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.01-1.76] and an interaction was observed between the T allele and age (P = 0.03). Homozygosis for the 1298C allele was associated with increased risk in women between 45 and 55 years (multivariate adjusted OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.09-3.29). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, a positive association between DFE and breast cancer was observed in MTHFR 677CT/TT-1298AA women but an inverse association was observed in 677CT-1298AC women. The 677T allele was associated with higher breast cancer risk in women above 55 years of age.
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| 3. |
- Ericson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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High folate intake is associated with lower breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 86:2, s. 43-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies of associations between folate intake and breast cancer are inconclusive, but folate and other plant food nutrients appear protective in women at elevated risk.OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the association between folate intake and the incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer.DESIGN: This prospective study included all women aged >or=50 y (n = 11699) from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. The mean follow-up time was 9.5 y. We used a modified diet-history method to collect nutrient intake data. At the end of follow-up, 392 incident invasive breast cancer cases were verified. We used proportional hazard regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs).RESULTS: Compared with the lowest quintile, the incidence of invasive breast cancer was reduced in the highest quintile of dietary folate intake (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.90; P for trend = 0.02); total folate intake, including supplements (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.91; P for trend = 0.006); and dietary folate equivalents (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.97; P for trend = 0.01).CONCLUSION: A high folate intake was associated with a lower incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in this cohort.
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| 4. |
- Ericson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Increased breast cancer risk at high plasma folate concentrations among women with the MTHFR 677T allele.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 90, s. 1380-1389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Folate is involved in DNA synthesis and methylation and may thereby influence carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVES: We examined plasma folate (P-folate) concentration in relation to genotypes of the folate-metabolizing enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [MTHFR 677C<--T (rs1801133) and 1298A<--C (rs1801131)]. We also explored whether P-folate was associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer overall and in subgroups with genetic variants of the MTHFR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). DESIGN: This nested case-control study included 313 cases (age 55-73 y at baseline) with invasive breast cancer and 626 control subjects, matched on age and blood-sample date, from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. P-folate and MTHFR genotypes were determined for 310 cases and 611 controls. P-folate according to genotype was calculated by using analysis of variance. Odds ratios were obtained by using logistic regression. All tests were 2-sided. RESULTS: The variant 677T allele was associated with lower P-folate. In women with the 677T allele, a high P-folate concentration was associated with increased breast cancer risk (P for trend across P-folate tertiles = 0.03). Interaction was seen between the 677C<--T SNP and P-folate (P = 0.002). A positive association, which was seen between P-folate and breast cancer risk in 1298AA women (P = 0.01), was probably due to linkage between the 2 SNPs. Overall, and in women with other genotypes, no significant associations were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an association of high P-folate concentration with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in carriers of the 677T allele. The findings underline the importance of genetic variation of MTHFR in the complex relation between folate and cancer.
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| 5. |
- Ericson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma Folate Concentrations Are Positively Associated with Risk of Estrogen Receptor {beta} Negative Breast Cancer in a Swedish Nested Case Control Study.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 140:9, s. 1661-1668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Folate's role in breast cancer development is controversial. Not only estrogen receptor (ER) alpha status, but also ERbeta status of tumors may have confounded results from previous epidemiological studies. We aimed to examine associations between plasma folate concentration and postmenopausal breast cancer defined by ER status. This nested case-control study, within the Malmö diet and cancer cohort, included 204 incident breast cancer cases with information on ERalpha and ERbeta status determined by immunochemistry on tissue micro-array sections. Plasma folate concentration was analyzed for the cases and 408 controls (matched on age and blood sample date). Odds ratios (OR) for ER-defined breast cancers in tertiles of plasma folate concentration were calculated with unconditional logistic regression. All tests were 2-sided. Women in the third tertile of plasma folate concentration (>12 nmol/L) had higher incidence of ERbeta- breast cancer than women in the first tertile (OR: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.44-4.92; P-trend = 0.001). We did not observe significant associations between plasma folate concentration and other breast cancer subgroups defined by ER status. We observed a difference between risks for ERbeta+ and ERbeta- cancer (P-heterogeneity = 0.003). Our findings, which indicate a positive association between plasma folate and ERbeta- breast cancer, highlight the importance of taking ERbeta status into consideration in studies of folate and breast cancer. The study contributes knowledge concerning folate's multifaceted role in cancer development. If replicated in other populations, the observations may have implications for public health, particularly regarding folic acid fortification.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Sonestedt, Emily, et al.
(författare)
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Do both heterocyclic amines and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids contribute to the incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal women of the Malmö diet and cancer cohort?
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 123:7, s. 1637-1643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterocyclic amines (HAs), formed when meat and fish are cooked at high temperatures, have been linked to mammary gland cancer in rats, and some epidemiological studies indicate increased breast cancer risk by consumption of well-done meat. The epidemiological evidence linking HAs per se to breast cancer is however sparse, especially from prospective studies. Moreover, high-fat diets rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have produced higher frequencies of HA-induced mammary gland tumors in rats compared to those fed low-fat diets. The aim was to evaluate prospectively if intake of HAs is associated with breast cancer incidence, and if the association is independent of omega-6 PUFA intakes. Among women 50 years or older at baseline from the population-based prospective Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (n = 11,699), 430 women were diagnosed with incident invasive breast cancer during a mean follow-up of 10.4 years. Information on dietary habits was collected by a modified diet history method. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer associated with energy-adjusted intakes of HAs and omega-6 PUFA. Intakes of HAs were not associated with breast cancer incidence (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.69-1.28, for highest compared to lowest quintile). In individuals with low HA intakes, a significant increased risk was observed among those with high intakes of omega-6 PUFAs. In conclusion, intakes of HAs are not associated with breast cancer incidence in this Swedish cohort, but dietary patterns very high in omega-6 PUFA may promote breast cancer development. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 9. |
- Sonestedt, Emily, et al.
(författare)
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Enterolactone is differently associated with estrogen receptor beta-negative and -positive breast cancer in a Swedish nested case-control study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention. - 1538-7755. ; 17:11, s. 51-3241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Differences in the estrogen receptor (ER) status of tumors may explain ambiguities in epidemiologic studies between the blood concentrations of enterolactone and breast cancer. To our knowledge, the association between enterolactone and ERbeta-defined breast cancer has previously not been examined.METHODS: A nested case-control study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort used 366 cases and 733 matched controls to identify the major determinants of plasma enterolactone and to examine the association between enterolactone concentration and breast cancer risk and if this association differs depending on the ERalpha and ERbeta status of tumors. A modified diet history method assessed dietary habits. Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay determined enterolactone concentrations and immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray determined ER status.RESULTS: Dietary fiber, as well as fruits and berries, and high-fiber bread showed statistically significant correlations with enterolactone (r, 0.13-0.22). Smoking and obesity were associated with lower enterolactone concentrations. Enterolactone concentrations above the median (16 nmol/L) were associated with reduced breast cancer risk when compared with those below [odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.58-0.98]. The reduced risk was only observed for ERalpha [positive (+); odds ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.97] and ERbeta [negative (-)] tumors (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.84), with significantly different risks for ERbeta (-) and ERbeta (+) tumors (P for heterogeneity = 0.04).CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the suggestion that enterolactone is a biomarker of a healthy lifestyle. The protective association between enterolactone and breast cancer was significantly different between ERbeta (-) and ERbeta (+) tumors and most evident in tumors that express ERalpha but not ERbeta.
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| 10. |
- Sonestedt, Emily, et al.
(författare)
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Plant foods and estrogen receptor {alpha} and {beta} defined breast cancer: observations from the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 29:11, s. 2203-2209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The associations between plant foods and breast cancer incidence are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine prospectively the association between dietary fibre, plant foods and breast cancer, especially the association between plant food intake and estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and beta defined breast cancer. Among women without prevalent cancer from the population-based prospective Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (n = 15,773, 46-75 years at baseline), 544 women were diagnosed with incident invasive breast cancer during a mean follow-up of 10.3 years. Information on dietary habits was collected by a modified diet history method. ER status of the tumours was determined by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of breast cancer associated with fibre and 11 plant food groups. High-fibre bread was significantly associated with a decreased breast cancer incidence (HR, 0.75, 95 % CI, 0.57-0.98, for highest compared to lowest quintile). The other plant food groups were not significantly associated with breast cancer incidence. There was a tendency for a negative association for high-fibre bread among ERalpha (+) breast cancer (p for trend = 0.06) and ERbeta (+) breast cancer (p for trend = 0.06). Fried potatoes were statistically significantly associated with increased risk of ERbeta (-) breast cancer (p = 0.01). This study suggests that different plant foods may be differently associated with breast cancer, with fibre-rich bread showing an inverse association. We did not observe strong evidence for differences in incidence according to the ER alpha and beta status of breast cancer.
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