| 1. |
- Hansson, Karna, et al.
(author)
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Carbon and nitrogen pools and fluxes above and below ground in spruce, pine and birch stands in southern Sweden
- 2013
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 309, s. 28-35
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We synthesised results on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes and the accumulation of soil organic C and N under adjacent 50-year-old Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch stands growing on similar soils and evaluated the different processes involved. C and N budgets were calculated. Spruce stands had larger stocks of C and N in biomass and soil than birch stands, with pine intermediate. The differences in soil stocks were mainly found in the organic layer, whereas differences in the mineral soil were small. The study showed that there is no simple answer to what is causing the differences in soil C and N stocks, because several processes are interacting. Spruce and pine trees had higher biomass and litter production than birch trees, but total litter inputs showed no significant difference between stands, because the rich ground vegetation under pine and birch contributed with substantial litter inputs, in contrast to the poor ground vegetation under spruce. Decomposition rate (per g of C) was markedly higher under birch than under spruce and pine resulting in lower C and N stocks in the organic layer. This effect was amplified by higher abundance and biomass of earthworms, favoured by higher pH and palatable litter under birch. Earthworm bioturbation probably both increased decomposition rate and damaged the ectomycorrhizal network with negative consequences for the formation of mycorrhizal litter and C storage. In conclusion, the direct effects of spruce, pine and birch litter on C and N pools and fluxes were modified by indirect effects of understorey structure, pH and earthworm responses. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Hansson, Karna, et al.
(author)
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Differences in soil properties in adjacent stands of Scots pine, Norway spruce and silver birch in SW Sweden
- 2011
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In: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 262, s. 522-530
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Soil properties were compared in adjacent 50-year-old Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch stands 26 growing on similar soils in south-west Sweden. The effects of tree species were most apparent in the 27 humus layer and decreased with soil depth. At 20–30 cm depth in the mineral soil, species differences 28 in soil properties were small and mostly not significant. Soil C, N, K, Ca, Mg, and Na content, pH, base sat- 29 uration and fine root biomass all significantly differed between humus layers of different species. Since 30 the climate, parent material, land use history and soil type were similar, the differences can be ascribed to 31 tree species. Spruce stands had the largest amounts of carbon stored down to 30 cm depth in mineral soil 32 (7.3 kg C m??2), whereas birch stands, with the lowest production, smallest amount of litterfall and lowest 33 C:N ratio in litter and humus, had the smallest carbon pool (4.1 kg C m??2), with pine intermediate 34 (4.9 kg C m??2). Similarly, soil nitrogen pools amounted to 349, 269, and 240 g N m??2 for spruce, pine, 35 and birch stands, respectively. The humus layer in birch stands was thin and mixed with mineral soil, 36 and soil pH was highest in the birch stands. Spruce had the thickest humus layer with the lowest pH
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| 3. |
- Adelsköld, Göran, et al.
(author)
-
GET-tjänsten och infrastrukturen för distribution av geodata till universitet och högskolor
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Geodata Extraction Tool (GET) är en tjänst för att tillgängliggöra myndigheters digitala geografiska data till universitet och högskolor i Sverige. GET-tjänsten startades 2012 för att tillgodose studenters och forskares behov av att enkelt och kostnadsfritt kunna få tillgång till Lantmäteriets digitala geodata som annars var avgiftsbelagda. Tjänsten har senare utvidgats med geodata från andra myndigheter, och idag kan förutom det mesta av Lantmäteriets geografiska data, även en del data från SGU, SCB och Sjöfartsverket nås via GET. Tjänsten är utvecklad av, och sköts av, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU). I denna rapport sammanfattas tillkomsten av GET, vilka avtal som ligger till grund för tjänsten, hur man använder den och vilka data som distribueras via denna samverkan mellan berörda myndigheter. Dessutom redovisas senaste årets statistik för nedladdade geodatamängder samt resultaten från en användarenkät 2019. Rapporten avslutas med en framåtblick.
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| 4. |
- Alström, Per, et al.
(author)
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The Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis - three anciently separated cryptic species revealed
- 2011
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In: Ibis. - 0019-1019 .- 1474-919X. ; 153:2, s. 395-410
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis breeds across the northern Palaearctic and northwestern-most Nearctic, from northern Scandinavia to Alaska, extending south to southern Japan, and winters in Southeast Asia, the Philippines and Indonesia. Several subspecies have been described based on subtle morphological characteristics, although the taxonomy varies considerably among different authors. A recent study (T. Saitoh et al. (2010) BMC Evol. Biol. 10: 35) identified three main mitochondrial DNA clades, corresponding to: (1) continental Eurasia and Alaska, (2) south Kamchatka, Sakhalin and northeast Hokkaido, and (3) most of Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu). These three clades were estimated to have diverged during the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene (border at c. 2.6 million years ago). Differences in morphometrics have also been reported among members of the three clades (T. Saitoh et al. (2008) Ornithol. Sci. 7: 135-142). Here we analyse songs and calls from throughout the range of the Arctic Warbler, and conclude that these differ markedly and consistently among the populations representing the three mitochondrial clades. Kurile populations, for which no sequence data are available, are shown to belong to the second clade. To determine the correct application of available scientific names, mitochondrial DNA was sequenced from three name-bearing type specimens collected on migration or in the winter quarters. Based on the congruent variation in mitochondrial DNA, morphology and vocalizations, we propose that three species be recognized: Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis (sensu stricto) (continental Eurasia and Alaska), Kamchatka Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus examinandus (Kamchatka (at least the southern part), Sakhalin, Hokkaido and Kurile Islands), and Japanese Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus xanthodryas (Japan except Hokkaido).
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Aristocratic Wealth and Inequality in a Changing Society: Sweden, 1750–1900
- 2019
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In: Scandinavian Journal of History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7716 .- 0346-8755. ; 44:1, s. 27-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of the European nobility and their ability to retain their political and economic power are part of the debate on the modernization of Europe’s economy. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the wealth of the Swedish nobility as the country evolved from an agrarian to an industrial economy. We use a sample of 200+ probate inventories of nobles for each of the benchmark years 1750, 1800, 1850 and 1900. We show that the nobility, less than 0.5 per cent of the population, was markedly dominant in 1750: the average noble was 60 times richer than the average person, and the nobles held 29 per cent of all private wealth. 90 per cent of the nobles were richer than the average person. By 1900 the advantage of the nobles’ wealth had declined; the group held only 5 per cent of total private wealth. At the same time, stratification within the nobility had increased dramatically. One group of super-rich Swedish nobles, often large land owners from the high nobility, possessed the biggest fortunes, but a large minority of nobles were no richer than the average Swede.
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| 6. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Mercantilist Inequality : Wealth and Poverty in Stockholm 1650-1750
- 2019
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This paper maps social structure, poverty, wealth and economic inequality in Stockholm from 1650 to 1750. We begin by establishing the social structure, using census data and other sources. To study wealth and poverty, the main sources are a sample from the wealth tax of 1715, and probate inventory samples from 1650, 1700 and 1750. These provide detailed and sometimes surprising insights into the living standards of both the poor and rich. Stockholm in this period was a starkly unequal city, with the top decile of wealth holders owning about 90 per cent of total wealth. We argue that this inequality was the result of deliberate policy – the Mercantilist conviction of “just rewards” for each and every one according to his or her standing. The case of Stockholm shows the need for the historical inequality literature to consider class and power relations to understand the determinants of inequality.
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| 7. |
- Bengtsson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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Mercantilist Inequality: Wealth and Poverty in Stockholm 1650–1750
- 2022
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In: Economic History Review. - : Wiley. - 1468-0289 .- 0013-0117. ; 75:1, s. 157-180
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article describes and analyses social structure, poverty, wealth, and economic inequality in Stockholm from 1650 to 1750. We begin by establishing the social structure, using census data and other sources. To study wealth and poverty, the main sources are a complete record of the wealth tax of 1715, comprising 17,782 taxpayers, and a total of 1,125 probate inventories sampled from the years 1650, 1700, and 1750. These provide detailed and sometimes surprising insights into the living standards of both the poor and the rich. Stockholm in this period was a starkly unequal city, with the top decile of wealth holders owning about 90 per cent of total wealth. We relate this inequality to mercantilist policies. The city was run as an oligarchy and the oligarchical political institutions engendered policies that were rigged for inequality. The case of Stockholm thus shows the need for the historical inequality literature to consider class and power relations to understand the determinants of inequality.
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| 8. |
- Bodin, Lina, et al.
(author)
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The amount of straw for growing-finishing pigs considering the reduction of time spent in manipulative behavior
- 2015
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In: SOJ Veterinary Sciences. - 2381-2907. ; 1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The behavior of rooting and digging is highly motivated in the pig. The motivation to perform this exploratory behavior is not reduced even after the dietary requirement has been fulfilled through feeding. The aim of this study was to identify the minimal amounts of straw needed to satisfy pig motivation for manipulation and reduce to a minimum the manipulating behavior of pigs directed toward pen mates. To determine the minimal amount of straw needed for conventional growing-finishing pigs, a study using 168 pigs provided with 7 different amounts of straw (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200 or 300 grams/ pig/ day) was performed. The straw was provided either once or four times per day. Behavior observations were made using focal animal sampling and continuous recording for one hour between 9 and 10 am and between 3 and 4 pm. The time spent by the pigs manipulating straw increased over 10% ranging up to 27% in all the pens receiving over 200g of straw per day compared to the range from 4-22% in pens receiving 20-100g of straw. Meanwhile, the time spent in redirected behavior decreased below 5% in all the pens receiving over 200g of straw per day. No significant differences were found when comparing pens provided with straw once or four times per day.
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| 9. |
- Botermans, Jos, et al.
(author)
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Performance, health and behaviour of organic growing-finishing pigs in two different housing systems with or without access to pasture
- 2015
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In: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4702 .- 1651-1972. ; 65, s. 158-167
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of two housing systems (deep litter and straw-flow), with and without access to pasture during the summer period, were studied in an organic growing-finishing pig herd. Performance, health, skin lesions and daytime pig activity were studied in 29 pens of 16 pigs (total of 464 pigs, in 4 batches). Data from 21 pens were used for comparisons of deep litter and straw-flow and data from 16 pens for comparisons of access/no access to pasture. Pigs in the deep litter system had a lower carcass meat percentage (56.6% vs. 57.3%) and more locomotion problems (4.4% vs. 0%) than pigs in the straw-flow system. No difference in daytime pig activity was detected between the two housing systems. Under moderate temperatures, pigs with access to pasture and fed a commercial organic feed inside the building were not more active during daytime behaviour studies (7.30 h-16.30 h) than pigs without access to pasture. However, at 17 weeks of age the pigs with pasture access spent 21% of their time on pasture, less time inside the pig house (20% vs. 33%) and less time on the outside concrete area (4% vs. 12%) than the pigs without pasture. No difference in performance was detected between pigs with and pigs without access to pasture.
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| 10. |
- Branth, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Metabolic stress-like condition can be induced by prolonged strenuous exercise in athletes
- 2009
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In: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 114:1, s. 12-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Few studies have examined energy metabolism during prolonged, strenuous exercise. We wanted therefore to investigate energy metabolic consequences of a prolonged period of continuous strenuous work with very high energy expenditure. Twelve endurance-trained athletes (6 males and 6 females) were recruited. They performed a 7-h bike race on high work-load intensity. Physiological, biochemical, endocrinological, and anthropometric muscular compartment variables were monitored before, during, and after the race. The energy expenditure was high, being 5557 kcal. Work-load intensity (% of VO2 peak) was higher in females (77.7%) than in men (69.9%). Muscular glycogen utilization was pronounced, especially in type I fibres (>90%). Additionally, muscular triglyceride lipolysis was considerably accelerated. Plasma glucose levels were increased concomitantly with an unchanged serum insulin concentration which might reflect an insulin resistance state in addition to proteolytic glyconeogenesis. Increased reactive oxygen species (malondialdehyde (MDA)) were additional signs of metabolic stress. MDA levels correlated with glycogen utilization rate. A relative deficiency of energy substrate on a cellular level was indicated by increased intracellular water of the leg muscle concomitantly with increased extracellular levels of the osmoregulatory amino acid taurine. A kindred nature of a presumed insulin-resistant state with less intracellular availability of glucose for erythrocytes was also indicated by the findings of decreased MCV together with increased MCHC (haemoconcentration) after the race. This strenuous energy-demanding work created a metabolic stress-like condition including signs of insulin resistance and deteriorated intracellular glucose availability leading to compromised fuelling of ion pumps, culminating in a disturbed cellular osmoregulation indicated by taurine efflux and cellular swelling. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved.
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