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| 2. |
- Jokinen, Jussi, et al.
(författare)
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Platelet monoamine oxidase activity and interpersonal violence in male suicide attempters
- 2018
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 260, s. 173-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low platelet monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity, proxy of low central serotonergic functions, has been shown to correlate with criminal behavior in adolescents that come from an unfavorable psychosocial environment but not in adolescents from good conditions, indicating a link between environment, MAO-B activity and aggressive behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between MAO-B activity and lifetime interpersonal violence in suicide attempters. The study included a total of 28 suicide attempters (18 men and 10 women). Assessments of childhood exposure to and expressed interpersonal violence during childhood and as an adult were carried out with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS). Platelet MAO-B activity was measured with 2-phenylethylamine (b-PEA) as substrate. Broken down by gender, the correlations between platelet MAO-B activity and both exposure scores to interpersonal violence as a child and expressed lifetime interpersonal violence were significant in male suicide attempters (r = -0.61, p = 0.035; r = - 0.84, p = 0.0005), but not in women. Our finding of significant associations between interpersonal violence and low MAO-B activity need to be replicated in other cohorts of suicide attempters.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Kent W., et al.
(författare)
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Role of monoamine oxidase A genotype and psychosocial factors in male adolescent criminal activity
- 2006
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - Uppsala Univ, Clin Res Ctr, Cent Hosp Vasteras, S-72189 Vasteras, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Neurosci, Pharmacol Unit, S-72189 Uppsala, Sweden. : Elsevier. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 59:2, s. 121-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A number of important sociological, psychological, and biological predictors of adolescent criminal behavior have been identified during the most recent decades. The aim of this study was to replicate recent findings that interactions between a polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene promoter region and psychosocial factors might predict male adolescent criminal activity.METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a randomized sample from the total population of 16- and 19-year-olds from the county of Västmanland, Sweden. Eighty-one male adolescents, who volunteered to participate, were randomly selected from groups representing different degrees of deviant risk behavior.RESULTS: The present study strongly supports the notion that carrying the 3-repeat allele of the MAO-A-gene promoter increases the risk of male adolescent criminal behavior, when interacting with psychosocial factors. No effects at all of the MAO-A genotype on adolescent criminal activity were found when MAO-A genotype was considered alone (i.e., without its psychosocial context). The explained variance of the bio-psychosocial model (controlling for MAO-A) in this study exceeded the psychosocial model by 12%.CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the notion that genotype and psychosocial factors interact to precipitate male adolescent criminal behavior.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Kent W., et al.
(författare)
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Role of the serotonin transporter gene and family function in adolescent alcohol consumption.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Alcoholism. - Uppsala Univ, Clin Res Ctr, Cent Hosp Vasteras, S-72189 Vasteras, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Dept Neurosci, Pharmacol Unit, S-72189 Vasteras, Sweden. : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 29:4, s. 564-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: That the extent to which a particular individual will engage in problematic behaviors such as delinquency, violence, or drug abuse is determined by the way psychosocial, situational, and hereditary factors interact is widely accepted. However, only recently have researchers begun to investigate the interactions between specific genotypes and psychosocial factors in relation to behavior. The purpose of the present study was to investigate possible interactions between a polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and family relations on adolescent alcohol consumption.METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a randomized sample from a total population of 16- and 19-year-old adolescents from a Swedish county was conducted. Eighty-one male and 119 female adolescents, who volunteered to participate after having answered a questionnaire, were randomly selected from quartiles of volunteers representing various degrees of psychosocial risk behavior.RESULTS: 5-HTT genotype (p=0.029) and family relations (p=0.022) predicted alcohol consumption independently as well as through an interaction with one another (p=0.05). The model explained 11% of the variance in alcohol consumption. In a binary logistic model, we found that adolescents with the LS variant of the 5-HTT gene and with family relations being "neutral" or "bad" had a 12- to 14-fold increased risk for high intoxication frequency.CONCLUSIONS: In sum, our results show that a functional polymorphism of the 5-HTT genotype, family relations, and interactions between these variables predict adolescent alcohol consumption in a randomized sample of adolescents.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Kent W, et al.
(författare)
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The MAO-A gene, platelet MAO-B activity and psychosocial environment in adolescent female alcohol-related problem behaviour
- 2008
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Ingår i: Drug And Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716 .- 1879-0046. ; 93:1-2, s. 51-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Antisocial behaviour has been associated with polymorphic variants in candidate genes and recently also gene-environmental interaction models have been presented. It has been suggested that antisocial behaviour, associated with alcohol consumption in males, is related to a variation in the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAO-A) promoter. Furthermore, platelet MAO-B activity has in several studies been reported to be low in male alcoholics, while this has not been the case with regard to female alcoholics. Aims of the present study were to: (1) investigate possible interactions between the MAO-A polymorphism, family relations and maltreatment/sexual abuse on adolescent alcohol-related problem behaviour among female adolescents; (2) to investigate if platelet MAO-B enzyme activity interacted with environment to predict female alcohol-related problems. Methods: A random sample of 114 female individuals from a total population of 16- and 19-year adolescents from a Swedish county, who volunteered to participate in the study, were interviewed, filled in a questionnaire and a blood sample was drawn. Results: In contrast to what has been reported in males, presence of the long (4-repeat) variant of the MAO-A gene in females interacted significantly with an unfavourable environment (poor family relations or maltreatment/abuse/sexual abuse) to increase the risk for high scores of alcohol-related problems. Furthermore, females with low platelet MAO-B activity showed an increased risk of alcohol-related problem behaviour in an unfavourable environment. Conclusions: Poor psychosocial environment interacts with the high activity MAO-A genotype and low platelet MAO-B enzyme activity to increase vulnerability for female adolescent alcohol-related problem behaviour.
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Kent W., et al.
(författare)
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The monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene, family function and maltreatment as predictors of destructive behaviour during male adolescent alcohol consumption
- 2007
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Ingår i: Addiction. - Uppsala Univ, Cent Hosp Vasteras, Clin Res Ctr, Vasteras, Sweden. Uppsala Univ, Pharmacol Unit, Dept Neurosci, Uppsala, Sweden. : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 102:3, s. 389-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To investigate possible interactions between a polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene promoter, family relations and maltreatment/sexual abuse on adolescent alcohol-related problem behaviour among male adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional study of a randomized sample of 66 male individuals from a total population of 16- and 19-year adolescents from a Swedish county. Boys, who volunteered to participate answering an alcohol-related problem/behaviour questionnaire, were investigated with regard to interactions between such problems, family function, maltreatment and MAO-A genotype. MEASUREMENTS: MAO-A genotype, family relations history, history of being maltreated or abused and alcohol-related problem behaviour. FINDINGS: Boys with the short (three-repeat) variant of the MAO-A gene, who had been maltreated/abused or came from families with poor relations, showed significantly higher scores of alcohol-related problems. We also found that maltreatment/abuse independently showed the strongest relation to alcohol-related problems among boys in our model. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that both maltreatment and MAO-A genotype may be useful for the understanding of male adolescent alcohol-related problem behaviour.
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Kent W., et al.
(författare)
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Transcription Factor Activating Protein-2β (TFAP-2β) genotype and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in relation to symptoms of depression in two independent samples
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - Berlin Heidelberg : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 23:4, s. 207-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Transcription Factor Activating Protein-2β (TFAP-2β) gene has been shown to influence monoaminergic neurotransmission, and several genes important for monoaminergic function have binding sites for TFAP-2β. Familial studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest a hereditary-determined subtype of ADHD with comorbid depression. We examined a functional variation of the TFAP-2β gene in the context of co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and depression in two independent population-based samples of adolescents (Group A, n = 175 and Group B, n = 1,506) from Sweden. Results indicated 6.1 to 7.8 % of adolescents screened positively for ADHD and depression symptoms. Symptoms of depression were more common among girls who screened positively for ADHD and did not carry the nine-repeat allele of the TFAP-2β intron 1 Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) polymorphism. The presence of the nine-repeat variant of the TFAP-2β intron 1 VNTR appears to protect girls with ADHD symptoms from the co-expression of symptoms of depression.
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| 9. |
- Nilsson, Kent W, et al.
(författare)
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Transcription factor AP-2 beta genotype and psychosocial adversity in relation to adolescent depressive symptomatology.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 116:3, s. 363-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate possible interactions between the gene coding for activating protein-2 beta (AP-2 beta) and psychosocial factors to predict depressive symptoms in adolescents. Two-hundred 16- and 19-year-old adolescents from the county of Västmanland, Sweden, were asked to complete a questionnaire, interviewed about psychosocial risk factors, and genotyped with regard to the transcription factor AP-2 beta intron 2 polymorphism. AP-2 beta genotype interacted significantly both with type of housing and parental separation to predict depressive symptoms. Individuals who were homozygous for the short AP-2 beta allele displayed higher depression scores when psychosocial adversity was taken into account. Amongst carriers of one or two copies of the long allele, there was no difference in depressive symptoms despite differences in psychosocial environments.
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| 10. |
- Norqvist-Sjöberg, Astrid, 1953-
(författare)
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Amine oxidases in dental pulp : a study with special regard to a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase with catalytic potency towards serotonin
- 1988
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The amine oxidizing capacity of piglet dental pulp tissue has been investigated. At least six separate enzyme activities could be distinguished:- a soluble semicarbazide-sensitive (SSAO) activity towards benzylamine, most likely to be derived from the content of blood plasma within the pulp tissue;- a soluble pulp tissue SSAO activity with most properties in common with the plasma enzyme, however with great efficiency not only regarding benzylamine but also tryptamine;- a tissue bound SSAO activity with activity towards benzylamine, tryptamine, tyramine and ß-phenylethylamine;- a tissue bound semicarbazide-sensitive activity towards serotonin (SSA0-5HT) (a combination of properties never reported before);- a mitochondrially bound and clorgyline-sensitive monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) activity with activity towards serotonin;- a mitochondrially bound and deprenyl-sensitive MAO-B activity with activity towards e.g. benzylamine, tryptamine, tyramine and ß-phenylethylamine.The relative importance of the various activities for the metabolism of some monoamines has been investigated.Although the SSAO enzymes had lower K values with most substrates than the MAO, the bulk of ïhe compounds was likely to be metabolized by MAO-B because of higher V values. K values and values with serotonin, howSver,were rather similar for rfle MAO and the SSAO membrane-bound enzyme(s).The thermal sensitivity of membrane-bound SSAO activities was found to be considerably lower than that for MAO-B.The SSAO-5HT activity was found to be localized to the plasma membrane with a greater activity towards the perifery of the pulp tissue than towards the centre.No great difference in the various amine oxidase activities was found when pulp tissues of varying degrees of maturity were compared.The occurrence of membrane-bound SSAO and MAO activities was investigated and compared between pig, ox and human dental pulp. All activities were found to be present in about the same order of magnitude in all three species with the exception of a higher MAO-A activity in the ox pulp and the absence of this enzyme activity in the human dental pulp.
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