| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Oreland, Sadia, et al.
(författare)
-
Does the transcription factor AP-2beta have an impact on the genetic and early environmental influence on ethanol consumption?
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of neural transmission. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-9564 .- 1435-1463. ; 117:9, s. 1077-1081
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genes involved in alcoholism have consensus sites for the transcription factor activator protein (TFAP) 2beta. In the present study, we investigated TFAP-2beta protein levels in the ethanol-preferring alko, alcohol (AA) and the ethanol-avoiding alko, non-alcohol (ANA) rat lines. Furthermore, basal and ethanol-induced TFAP-2beta levels were examined in Wistar rats exposed to different early postnatal environments that are known to affect later ethanol consumption. Taken together, we found differences in brainstem TFAP-2beta protein between the AA and ANA rats.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Oreland, Sadia, et al.
(författare)
-
Ethanol-induced effects on the dopamine and serotonin systems in adult Wistar rats are dependent on early-life experiences
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 1405, s. 57-68
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some individuals control their ethanol consumption throughout life, but others escalate their intake to levels that increase the risk for addiction. The early environment influences the individual response to ethanol and affects the underlying physiological processes that lead to a transition from a voluntary to a compulsive use of ethanol. However, the neurobiological substrates for these processes are not understood. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that early environmental experiences affect the neurobiological effects that are induced by voluntary ethanol consumption. Rat pups were subjected to three different rearing environments: conventional animal facility rearing or separation from dam and littermates for either 15 or 360 min. In adulthood, the rats were exposed to a two-bottle free choice between ethanol and water for seven weeks. Tissue levels of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and their metabolites were measured in brain areas that have been implicated in reward and addiction processes. Differences in ethanol-induced effects were noted in 5-HT-related measurements in the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area and in dopamine-related measurements in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). These results provided evidence of an early environmental impact on interactive neuronal circuits between the DRN and reward pathways. The amygdala, a key area in addiction processes, was particularly sensitive to early-life conditions. The animals that experienced the longest separation differed from the others; they had low basal 5-HT levels and responded with an increase in 5-HT after ethanol. These altered responses to initial ethanol consumption as a result of early environmental factors may affect the transition from habitual to compulsive drinking and contribute to individual vulnerability or resilience to addiction.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Oreland, Sadia, et al.
(författare)
-
Two repeated maternal separation procedures differentially affect brain 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter and receptors in young and adult male and female rats
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Brain Research. - : Elsevier. - 0006-8993 .- 1872-6240. ; 1305:Suppl. 1, s. S37-S49
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early environment is a known determinant for individual differences in vulnerability for adult psychopathology, e.g. ethanol addiction. One underlying mechanism could be dysfunction in serotonergic neurotransmission. This study focused on the methodological considerations regarding an animal model for studying effects of early environment, maternal separation (MS), using two different paradigms. Age- and sex-specific effects on brain stem 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) transporter and receptors were examined. Male and female rat pups were assigned to either litter-wise MS for 15 or 360 minutes (MS15l or MS360l) or individual MS for 15 or 360 minutes (MS15i or MS360i) daily during postnatal days 1-21. Normal animal facility reared rats were used as controls. Analyses were performed in young and adult rats. As compared to the other males, MS15l males had lower 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptor mRNA expression at both ages, lower 5-HT2A receptor mRNA when young and lower 5-HTT mRNA expression when adult. In contrast, adult MS15l females had higher 5-HT2C receptor mRNA expression than the other females. The strong impact of MS15l on 5-HT-related genes was either transient or persistent depending on sex and fewer effects on gene expression were observed in females than in males. This study shows the importance of tactile contact for the consequences of short, but not long MS, as evidenced by major differences between MS15l and MS15i. The results suggest that MS15i is less suitable than MS15l to simulate a protective environment in studies of for instance ethanol addiction processes.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
