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- Fages, A., et al.
(författare)
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Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674. ; 177:6, s. 1419-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (>= 1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modem legacy of past equestrian civilisations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN "speed gene," only rose in popularity within the last millennium. Finally, the development of modem breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management.
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| 2. |
- Helgadottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The same sequence variant on 9p21 associates with myocardial infarction, abdominal aortic aneurysm and intracranial aneurysm
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 40:2, s. 217-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, two common sequence variants on 9p21, tagged by rs10757278-G and rs10811661-T, were reported to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)(1-4) and type 2 diabetes (T2D)(5-7), respectively. We proceeded to further investigate the contributions of these variants to arterial diseases and T2D. Here we report that rs10757278-G is associated with, in addition to CAD, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; odds ratio (OR) 1.31, P = 1.2 x 10(-12)) and intracranial aneurysm (OR = 1.29, P = 2.5 x 10(-6)), but not with T2D. This variant is the first to be described that affects the risk of AAA and intracranial aneurysm in many populations. The association of rs10811661-T to T2D replicates in our samples, but the variant does not associate with any of the five arterial diseases examined. These findings extend our insight into the role of the sequence variant tagged by rs10757278-G and show that it is not confined to atherosclerotic diseases.
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| 4. |
- Jansson, John-Olov, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Body weight homeostat that regulates fat mass independently of leptin in rats and mice.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 115:2, s. 427-432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subjects spending much time sitting have increased risk of obesity but the mechanism for the antiobesity effect of standing is unknown. We hypothesized that there is a homeostatic regulation of body weight. We demonstrate that increased loading of rodents, achieved using capsules with different weights implanted in the abdomen or s.c. on the back, reversibly decreases the biological body weight via reduced food intake. Importantly, loading relieves diet-induced obesity and improves glucose tolerance. The identified homeostat for body weight regulates body fat mass independently of fat-derived leptin, revealing two independent negative feedback systems for fat mass regulation. It is known that osteocytes can sense changes in bone strain. In this study, the body weight-reducing effect of increased loading was lost in mice depleted of osteocytes. We propose that increased body weight activates a sensor dependent on osteocytes of the weight-bearing bones. This induces an afferent signal, which reduces body weight. These findings demonstrate a leptin-independent body weight homeostat ("gravitostat") that regulates fat mass.
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| 5. |
- Anesten, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin-6 in the central amygdala is bioactive and co-localised with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroendocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0953-8194 .- 1365-2826. ; 31:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuronal circuits involving the central amygdala (CeA) are gaining prominence as important centres for regulation of metabolic functions. As a part of the subcortical food motivation circuitry, CeA is associated with food motivation and hunger. We have previously shown that interleukin (IL)-6 can act as a downstream mediator of the metabolic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (R) stimulation in the brain, although the sites of these effects are largely unknown. In the present study, we used the newly generated and validated RedIL6 reporter mouse strain to investigate the presence of IL-6 in the CeA, as well as possible interactions between IL-6 and GLP-1 in this nucleus. IL-6 was present in the CeA, mostly in cells in the medial and lateral parts of this structure, and a majority of IL-6-containing cells also co-expressed GLP-1R. Triple staining showed GLP-1 containing fibres co-staining with synaptophysin close to or overlapping with IL-6 containing cells. GLP-1R stimulation enhanced IL-6 mRNA levels. IL-6 receptor-alpha (IL-6Rα) was found to a large part in neuronal CeA cells. Using electrophysiology, we determined that cells with neuronal properties in the CeA could be rapidly stimulated by IL-6 administration in vitro. Moreover, microinjections of IL-6 into the CeA could slightly reduce food intake in vivo in overnight fasted rats. In conclusion, IL-6 containing cells in the CeA express GLP-1R, are close to GLP-1-containing synapses, and demonstrate increased IL-6 mRNA in response to GLP-1R agonist treatment. IL-6, in turn, exerts biological effects in the CeA, possibly via IL-6Rα present in this nucleus. 2019 The Authors. Journal of Neuroendocrinology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Society for Neuroendocrinology
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| 6. |
- Gruner-Nielsen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Silica-based highly nonlinear fibers with a high SBS threshold
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IEEE Winter Topicals, WTM 2011. - 9781424484287 ; , s. 171-172
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Results on the suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in highly non linear fibers with both germanium- and aluminum-doped cores based on spooling the fiber with a linear strain gradient are compared and presented.
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