| 1. |
- James, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Globalizing War: A critical introduction
- 2006
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Ingår i: Globalization and Violence: Vol III. Globalizing War and Intervention. ; III
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Bidleman, Terry, et al.
(författare)
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Chapter 2: Properties, sources, global fate and transport
- 2013
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Ingår i: Canadian Arctic Contaminants Assessment Report III 2013. - Ottawa : Northern Contaminants Program, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. - 9781100546520 ; , s. 19-146
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Part II of the second Canadian Arctic Contaminants Assessment Report (CACAR-II) began with a section on “Physicochemical Properties of Persistent Organic Pollutants”, which identified key physicochemical (pchem) properties, provided the rationale for their measurement or prediction and tabulated literature citations for chemicals that are of concern to the NCP (Bidleman et al. 2003). The section also discussed temperature dependence of pchem properties and their applications to describing partitioning in the physical environment.There is, and will continue to be, emphasis on predictive approaches to screening chemicals for persistence, bioaccumulation and toxic (PB&T)properties, as well as long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) potential (Brown and Wania 2008, Czub et al. 2008, Fenner et al. 2005, Gouin andWania 2007, Howard and Muir 2010, Klasmeier et al. 2006, Matthies et al. 2009, Muir and Howard 2006). This has created the need for determining pchem properties of new and emerging chemicals of concern.Predicting gas exchange cycles of legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and new and emerging chemicals of concern places a high demand on the accuracy of pchem properties, particularly the air/water partition coefficient, KAW. Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in Arctic Ocean surface waters are close to air-water equilibrium, with excursions toward net volatilization or deposition that vary with location and season (Hargrave et al. 1993, Jantunen et al. 2008a, Lohmann et al. 2009, Su et al. 2006, Wong et al. 2011) while hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (Lohmann et al. 2009, Su et al. 2006, Wong et al. 2011) and some current use pesticides (CUPs) (Wong et al. 2011) are undergoing net deposition. The predicted Arctic Contamination Potential (ACP) for persistent organic chemicals is strongly influenced by ice cover due to its effect on air-water gas exchange (Meyer and Wania 2007).Many advances have taken place and numerous papers have been published since CACAR-II, which present new measurements and predictions of pchem properties. This section does not attempt to provide a comprehensive review of the field, or to compile pchem properties from the many studies. The approach taken is to highlight the reports which are most relevant to polar science, particularly in areas of improving reliability of pchem properties for POPs, improving experimental techniques and comparing predictive methods. The section ends with a discussion of polyparameter linear free energy relationships (pp-LFERs), which goes beyond partitioning descriptions based on single pchem properties by taking into account specific chemical interactions that can take place in airsurface and water-surface exchange processes. A detailed list of chemical names and nomenclature are provided in the Glossary.
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| 3. |
- Calder, James David, et al.
(författare)
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Thromboprophylaxis and wound complications in Achilles tendon surgery
- 2014
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Ingår i: Achilles tendon disorders - a comprehensive overview of diagnosis and treatment. C. van Dijk, J. Karlsson, N. Maffulli, H. Thermann, J. Calder (eds.). - Guildford, UK : DJO Publications. - 9780955887345
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Edgell, Timothy, et al.
(författare)
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The Evolutionary Ecology of European Green Crab, Carcinus maenas, in North America
- 2011
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Ingår i: In the wrong place: alien marine Crustaceans - distribution, biology and impacts. - Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands. - 9789400705913 - 9789400705906 ; , s. 641-659
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological invasions offer fertile grounds for studying evolutionary ecology because species’ contact histories are uncharacteristically well-defined. As a result, invasions can be used to gain glimpses of the earliest micro-evolutionary responses of natural populations to new species’ interactions by studying changes in behaviour, physiology or morphology in space and time. Here, the known history of range expansion by the European green crab Carcinus maenas in North America is used to illustrate factors affecting invasion success and the resilience of native American prey. We situate our discussion in the bourgeoning field of adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity is the phenomenon where an individual’s genotype interacts with its environment to produce better-fit behaviour, physiology, morphology, or life-history. Plasticity is considered adaptive when the environmentally-induced phenotype increases an individual’s fitness. Below, theory about phenotypic plasticity is reviewed as to why it may benefit invasive species in general and specifically Carcinus maenas. The plasticity-invasion hypothesis (i.e., biological invaders benefit from high levels of phenotypic plasticity) is then tested directly by comparing known levels in C. maenas and other invaders to plasticity in a diversity of non-invasive, marine invertebrates. This study also analyses whether phenotypic plasticity has helped North American prey species defend against escalated bouts of predation caused by the C. maenas invasion, and elucidates the role plasticity plays in an apparent case of predatorprey coevolution between C. maenas and at least one species of native gastropod, Littorina obtusata. Finally, knowledge gaps in the case studies presented are discussed along with suggestions for future research aimed at gaining a better appreciation for how plasticity guides phenotypic evolution after a biological invasion.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hewitt, W. Terry, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization with AVS
- 2005. - 1
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Ingår i: The Visualization Handbook. - Oxford, UK : Elsevier. - 012387582X - 9780123875822 ; , s. 689-716
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Visualization Handbook provides an overview of the field of visualization by presenting the basic concepts, providing a snapshot of current visualization software systems, and examining research topics that are advancing the field. This text is intended for a broad audience, including not only the visualization expert seeking advanced methods to solve a particular problem, but also the novice looking for general background information on visualization topics. The largest collection of state-of-the-art visualization research yet gathered in a single volume, this book includes articles by a "who's who” of international scientific visualization researchers covering every aspect of the discipline, including: · Virtual environments for visualization · Basic visualization algorithms · Large-scale data visualization · Scalar data isosurface methods · Visualization software and frameworks · Scalar data volume rendering · Perceptual issues in visualization · Various application topics, including information visualization. * Edited by two of the best known people in the world on the subject; chapter authors are authoritative experts in their own fields; * Covers a wide range of topics, in 47 chapters, representing the state-of-the-art of scientific visualization.
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| 10. |
- Kristensson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Time domain inversion techniques for electromagnetic scattering problems
- 1992
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Ingår i: Invariant imbedding and inverse problems. - 0898713056 ; , s. 1-29
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a review of and a comparison between two different methods to solve an inverse scattering problem in the time domain. The problem is that of propagation of transient electromagnetic waves in spatially inhomogeneous slabs of finite length. The permittivity and conductivity profiles are assumed to vary only with depth and the scattering problem is thus onedimensional. Several algorithms to solve the direct and inverse scattering problems for continuous and discontinuous permittivity profiles are suggested. Some of these algorithms have not been published before. The aim of this paper is to compare and review these methods. More specifically, the numerical performance of the invariant imbedding approach (layer-stripping)and the Green functions formulation (downward continuation)is compared. Some new results based upon time reversal techniques for a lossless slab are presented in an appendix.
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