| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Santos, Paulo, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen recombination center in n-type Si
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physica Status Solidi (a) applications and materials science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1862-6300 .- 1862-6319. ; 214:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recently found that in-diffusion of hydrogen into n-type Si crystals containing oxygen and carbon impurities can result in the formation of powerful recombination centers (M. Vaqueiro-Contreras et al., to appear in PSS RRL). Here, we describe a combination of first-principles calculations and electrical measurements to investigate the composition, structure, electrical activity and recombination mechanism of a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen complex (COH) in Si. We found a defect comprising a carbon-oxygen complex connected to an H atom whose location depends on the charge state of the complex, and showing a calculated acceptor level at Ev+0.3eV, a few meV away from the observations. Bistable carbon-oxygen-hydrogen complex in silicon. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and silicon atoms are shown in gray, red, black, and white, respectively
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| 4. |
- Vaqueiro-Contreras, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
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Powerful recombination centers resulting from reactions of hydrogen with carbon–oxygen defects in n-type Czochralski-grown silicon
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physica Status Solidi. Rapid Research Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1862-6254 .- 1862-6270. ; 11:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been acknowledged for over 50 years that treatments with hydrogen can improve silicon semiconductor devices. In recent years, these have been used to an advantage in silicon solar cells reducing the loss of photo-generated carriers at the silicon surface or at the silicon interface with dielectrics. However, we have found that in some types of silicon the in-diffusion of hydrogen can result in the formation of powerful recombination centers composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen which reduce the carrier lifetime and ultimately the efficiency of solar cells made from such material
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| 5. |
- Ali, Hassan Refat H., et al.
(författare)
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Solid-state vibrational spectroscopic investigation of cocrystals and salt of indomethacin
- 2012
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Ingår i: CrystEngComm. - 1466-8033. ; 14:20, s. 6665-6674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge and control of the solid forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients are important aspects of drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, the process of the molecular self-assembly of saccharin cocrystals and the 2-amino-5-methylpyridine salt of indomethacin, in terms of the hydrogen bonding patterns, has been studied in the solid-state using vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and infrared). Interaction patterns in the respective crystalline states were obtained from the single crystal data. The effects of cocrystal and salt formation on the frequencies of the vibrational modes of motion were explained by vibrational spectroscopy and supported by quantum chemical calculations at the density functional theory level, leading to unambiguous assignment of the vibrational spectra of the starting materials and their respective products. Both Raman and infrared spectroscopies were useful, reliable tools for characterizing and distinguishing the indomethacin cocrystals and salt.
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| 6. |
- Noelle, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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UV/Vis+ photochemistry database : Structure, content and applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. - : Elsevier. - 0022-4073 .- 1879-1352. ; 253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The “science-softCon UV/Vis+ Photochemistry Database” (www.photochemistry.org) is a large and comprehensive collection of EUV-VUV-UV–Vis-NIR spectral data and other photochemical information assembled from published peer-reviewed papers. The database contains photochemical data including absorption, fluorescence, photoelectron, and circular and linear dichroism spectra, as well as quantum yields and photolysis related data that are critically needed in many scientific disciplines.This manuscript gives an outline regarding the structure and content of the “science-softCon UV/Vis+ Photochemistry Database”. The accurate and reliable molecular level information provided in this database is fundamental in nature and helps in proceeding further to understand photon, electron and ion induced chemistry of molecules of interest not only in spectroscopy, astrochemistry, astrophysics, Earth and planetary sciences, environmental chemistry, plasma physics, combustion chemistry but also in applied fields such as medical diagnostics, pharmaceutical sciences, biochemistry, agriculture, and catalysis. In order to illustrate this, we illustrate the use of the UV/Vis+ Photochemistry Database in four different fields of scientific endeavor.
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