| 2. |
- A. Marques, Ana F., et al.
(författare)
-
The Seven Sisters Hydrothermal System : First Record of Shallow Hybrid Mineralization Hosted in Mafic Volcaniclasts on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Minerals. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-163X.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We document the discovery of an active, shallow, seafloor hydrothermal system (known as the Seven Sisters Vent Field) hosted in mafic volcaniclasts at a mid-ocean ridge setting. The vent field is located at the southern part of the Arctic mid-ocean ridge where it lies on top of a flat-topped volcano at ~130 m depth. Up to 200 deg C phase-separating fluids vent from summit depressions in the volcano, and from pinnacle-like edifices on top of large hydrothermal mounds. The hydrothermal mineralization at Seven Sisters manifests as a replacement of mafic volcaniclasts, as direct intraclast precipitation from the hydrothermal fluid, and as elemental sulfur deposition within orifices. Barite is ubiquitous, and is sequentially replaced by pyrite, which is the first sulfide to form, followed by Zn-Cu-Pb-Ag bearing sulfides, sulfosalts, and silica. The mineralized rocks at Seven Sisters contain highly anomalous concentrations of ‘epithermal suite’ elements such as Tl, As, Sb and Hg, with secondary alteration assemblages including silica and dickite. Vent fluids have a pH of ~5 and are Ba and metal depleted. Relatively high dissolved Si (~7.6 mmol/L Si) combined with low (0.2–0.4) Fe/Mn suggest high-temperature reactions at ~150 bar. A delta-13C value of -5.4 permil in CO2 dominated fluids denotes magmatic degassing from a relatively undegassed reservoir. Furthermore, low CH4 and H2 (<0.026 mmol/kg and <0.009 mmol/kg, respectively) and 3He/4He of ~8.3 R/Racorr support a MORB-like, sediment-free fluid signature from an upper mantle source. Sulfide and secondary alteration mineralogy, fluid and gas chemistry, as well as delta-34S and 87Sr/86Sr values in barite and pyrite indicate that mineralization at Seven Sisters is sustained by the input of magmatic fluids with minimal seawater contribution. 226Ra/Ba radiometric dating of the barite suggests that this hydrothermal system has been active for at least 4670 +/- 60 yr.
|
|
| 3. |
- Khalili, Bita, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations between common genetic variants and income provide insights about the socioeconomic health gradient
- 2024
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on income among individuals of European descent and leveraged the results to investigate the socio-economic health gradient (N=668,288). We found 162 genomic loci associated with a common genetic factor underlying various income measures, all with small effect sizes. Our GWAS-derived polygenic index captures 1 - 4% of income variance, with only one-fourth attributed to direct genetic effects. A phenome-wide association study using this polygenic index showed reduced risks for a broad spectrum of diseases, including hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary atherosclerosis, depression, asthma, and back pain. The income factor showed a substantial genetic correlation (0.92, s.e. = .006) with educational attainment (EA). Accounting for EA's genetic overlap with income revealed that the remaining genetic signal for higher income related to better mental health but reduced physical health benefits and increased participation in risky behaviours such as drinking and smoking.
|
|
| 4. |
- Atabaki-Pasdar, Naeimeh, et al.
(författare)
-
Inferring causal pathways between metabolic processes and liver fat accumulation: an IMI DIRECT study
- 2021
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often co-occur. Defining causal pathways underlying this relationship may help optimize the prevention and treatment of both diseases. Thus, we assessed the strength and magnitude of the putative causal pathways linking dysglycemia and fatty liver, using a combination of causal inference methods.Measures of glycemia, insulin dynamics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived abdominal and liver fat content, serological biomarkers, lifestyle, and anthropometry were obtained in participants from the IMI DIRECT cohorts (n=795 with new onset T2D and 2234 individuals free from diabetes). UK Biobank (n=3641) was used for modelling and replication purposes. Bayesian networks were employed to infer causal pathways, with causal validation using two-sample Mendelian randomization.Bayesian networks fitted to IMI DIRECT data identified higher basal insulin secretion rate (BasalISR) and MRI-derived excess visceral fat (VAT) accumulation as the features of dysmetabolism most likely to cause liver fat accumulation; the unconditional probability of fatty liver (>5%) increased significantly when conditioning on high levels of BasalISR and VAT (by 23%, 32% respectively; 40% for both). Analyses in UK Biobank yielded comparable results. MR confirmed most causal pathways predicted by the Bayesian networks.Here, BasalISR had the highest causal effect on fatty liver predisposition, providing mechanistic evidence underpinning the established association of NAFLD and T2D. BasalISR may represent a pragmatic biomarker for NAFLD prediction in clinical practice.Competing Interest StatementHR is an employee and shareholder of Sanofi. MIM: The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. MIM has served on advisory panels for Pfizer, NovoNordisk and Zoe Global, has received honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly, and research funding from Abbvie, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Servier, and Takeda. As of June 2019, MIM is an employee of Genentech, and a holder of Roche stock. AM is a consultant for Lilly and has received research grants from several diabetes drug companies. PWF has received research grants from numerous diabetes drug companies and fess as consultant from Novo Nordisk, Lilly, and Zoe Global Ltd. He is currently the Scientific Director in Patient Care at the Novo Nordisk Foundation. Other authors declare non competing interests.Funding StatementThe work leading to this publication has received support from the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement 115317 (DIRECT) resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies in kind contribution. NAP is supported in part by Henning och Johan Throne-Holsts Foundation, Hans Werthen Foundation, an IRC award from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a European Research Council award ERC-2015-CoG - 681742_NASCENT. HPM is supported by an IRC award from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a European Research Council award ERC-2015-CoG - 681742_NASCENT. AGJ is supported by an NIHR Clinician Scientist award (17/0005624). RK is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18OC0031650) as part of a postdoctoral fellowship, an IRC award from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a European Research Council award ERC-2015-CoG - 681742_NASCENT. AK, PM, HF, JF and GNG are supported by an IRC award from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a European Research Council award ERC-2015-CoG - 681742_NASCENT. TJM is funded by an NIHR clinical senior lecturer fellowship. S.Bru acknowledges support from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grants NNF17OC0027594 and NNF14CC0001). ATH is a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator and is also supported by the NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility. JMS acknowledges support from Science for Life Laboratory (Plasma Profiling Facility), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Human Protein Atlas) and Erling-Persson Foundation (KTH Centre for Precision Medicine). MIM is supported by the following grants; Wellcome (090532, 098381, 106130, 203141, 212259); NIH (U01-DK105535). PWF is supported by an IRC award from the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and a European Research Council award ERC-2015-CoG - 681742_NASCENT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:Approval for the study protocol was obtained from each of the regional research ethics review boards separately (Lund, Sweden: 20130312105459927, Copenhagen, Denmark: H-1-2012-166 and H-1-2012-100, Amsterdam, Netherlands: NL40099.029.12, Newcastle, Dundee and Exeter, UK: 12/NE/0132), and all participants provided written informed consent at enrolment. The research conformed to the ethical principles for medical research involving human participants outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.All necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable.YesAuthors agree to make data and materials supporting the results or analyses presented in their paper available upon reasonable request
|
|
