| 1. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Factors governing human fear of wolves : moderating effects of geographical location and standpoint on protected nature
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Wildlife Research. - New York : Springer. - 1612-4642 .- 1439-0574. ; 62:6, s. 749-760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyses psychological antecedents of feelings of fear of wolves in a proportional sample of the Swedish population (national sample, n = 545) and in a sample of people in counties with wolf presence (regional sample, n = 1,892). Structural equation modelling of survey data suggests a dual pathway to self-reported fear. One path encompasses the appraisal of the environmental context operationalised as a potential wolf encounter. The second path concerns the appraisal of the social context assessed as social trust in managing authorities. The relative importance of the paths differs between the national and the regional sample, and between people in the administrative centre of the region and the regional periphery. We show that the public's fear of wolves should be addressed both at an individual level, focusing on situations with potential encounters, and at a collective level, by strengthening the trust between the public and authorities, and regional variation should be considered.
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| 2. |
- Cerwén, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Soundscape in Nature-Based Rehabilitation: A Patient Perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nature-based rehabilitation (NBR) has convincing support in research, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study sought to increase understanding of the role of soundscapes in NBR, an aspect paid little attention thus far. Transcribed interviews with 59 patients suffering from stress-related mental disorders and undergoing a 12-week therapy programme in the rehabilitation garden in Alnarp, Sweden, were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA). Described sounds were categorised as natural, technological or human. The results showed that patients frequently referred to natural sounds as being part of a pleasant and "quiet" experience that supported recovery and induced "soft fascination". Technological sounds were experienced as disturbing, while perception of human sounds varied depending on loudness and the social context. The study further uncovered how sound influenced patients' behaviour and experiences in the garden, through examination of three cross-theme dimensions that materialised in the study; sound in relation to overall perception, sound in relation to garden usage, and increased susceptibility to sound. The findings are discussed in relation to NBR; the need for a more nuanced understanding of susceptibility to sound among people suffering from mental fatigue was identified and design considerations for future rehabilitation gardens were formulated.
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| 3. |
- Fredriksson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The cell wall composition of Norway spruce earlywood and latewood revisited
- 2017
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Ingår i: ; , s. 148-153
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is well known that the xylem of gymnosperm trees consists mainly of tracheids and that the dimensions of these cells change over the growth season in temperate regions. When looking at a micrograph of a cross section of a growth ring, it can be seen that early in the season tracheids have larger radial diameters and thin walls, while tracheids formed later in the growth season have smaller radial diameters and thicker walls. However, information on possible chemical differences between these two regions of the growth ring is less abundant. According to a few published studies, earlywood normally contains more lignin relative to cellulose compared to latewood. For studies based on traditional compositional analysis and with results given per gram dry matter, this result is hardly surprising, as it simply expresses that a larger part of earlywood cell wall material consists of lignin-rich middle lamella because cells have larger diameters and thinner walls. However, a few studies based on ultraviolet microscopy indicate that differences in biopolymer composition also are seen when individual cell wall layers are analysed. In this study, we used Raman microspectroscopy to assess the relative biopolymer composition of earlywood and latewood secondary cell walls from Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and compared the biopolymer composition to infrared spectroscopy performed on isolated earlywood and latewood from the exact same growth rings.
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| 4. |
- Fredriksson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The cell wall composition of Norway spruce earlywood and latewood revisited
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Wood Products Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2042-6445 .- 2042-6453. ; 9:2, s. 80-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The xylem of gymnosperm trees consists mainly of tracheids, which generally have larger radial diameters and thinner walls in earlywood than in latewood. Information on possible chemical differences is limited, but according to a few studies, earlywood normally contains more lignin relative to cellulose than latewood. However, for methods giving results per gram dry matter, this result is expected since a larger part of the earlywood cell wall material consists of lignin-rich middle lamella. In this study, we used Raman microspectroscopy to assess relative biopolymer composition of earlywood and latewood secondary cell walls from mature sapwood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). In addition, infrared spectroscopy of isolated earlywood and latewood from the same growth rings as well as additional growth rings was performed. Both methods showed significantly higher relative lignin content in the earlywood which confirms results from earlier studies.
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| 5. |
- Hasler, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Farmers’ preferences for nutrient and climate-related agri-environmental schemes : A cross-country comparison
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:11, s. 1290-1303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use data from a survey of 2439 farmers in 5 countries around the Baltic Sea (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Poland and Sweden) to investigate their preferences for adopting agricultural practices aimed at reducing nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. The measures considered are set-aside, catch crops and reduced fertilization. Contracts vary with respect to the area enrolled, contract length, possibility of premature termination, availability of professional advice and compensation. We quantitatively describe farmers’ preferences in terms of their willingness-to-accept compensation for specific attributes of these contracts, if implemented. The results vary substantially between farm types (farmers’ characteristics) and between the 5 countries, and support differentiation of contract obligations and payments to improve the uptake of AgriEnvironmental Schemes. The results can be readily used to improve the design of country-specific nutrient reduction policies, in accordance with the next Common Agricultural Policy.
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| 6. |
- Huang, Weiwei, et al.
(författare)
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Annual variations in Norway spruce xylem studied using infrared micro-spectroscopy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In temperate environments, ring width, cell size and cell wall thickness within the xylem of trees are known to be affected by climate conditions. Less is known about the effect of climate conditions on the chemical characteristics of the xylem, which are important for the susceptibility of the tissue towards fungal infections as well as for the degradability of the material within the forest ecosystem. We explored the use of infrared microspectroscopy to investigate the possible effects of temperature and drought on the relative amount of cell wall biopolymers, i.e. the ratios between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the earlywood xylem cell walls of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in temperate forests. Drought and warm temperatures were significantly correlated to the hemicellulose to lignin ratio of the earlywood formed the following year, perhaps due to a reduced amount of stored resources being available for xylem formation.
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| 7. |
- Kirchhoff, Leah, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial community composition unaffected by mycorrhizal plant removal in sub-arctic tundra
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fungal ecology. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vegetation changes in a warming Arctic may affect plant-associated soil microbial communities with possible consequences for the biogeochemical cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). In a sub-arctic tundra heath, we factorially removed plant species with ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizal associations. After two years, we explored how mycorrhizal type-specific plant removal influences microbial communities, soil and microbial C and N pools, and extracellular enzymatic activities. Removal of ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizal plants did not change the soil fungal or bacterial community composition or their extracellular enzyme activities. However, ericoid plant removal decreased microbial C:N ratio, suggesting a stoichiometric effect decoupled from microbial community composition. In other words, microbial communities appear to show initial plasticity in response to major changes in tundra vegetation. This highlights the importance of longer-term perspectives when investigating the effects of vegetation changes on biogeochemical processes in Arctic ecosystems.
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| 8. |
- Monteux, Sylvain, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Controlling biases in targeted plant removal experiments
- 2024
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 242:4, s. 1835-1845
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Targeted removal experiments are a powerful tool to assess the effects of plant species or (functional) groups on ecosystem functions. However, removing plant biomass in itself can bias the observed responses. This bias is commonly addressed by waiting until ecosystem recovery, but this is inherently based on unverified proxies or anecdotal evidence. Statistical control methods are efficient, but restricted in scope by underlying assumptions.We propose accounting for such biases within the experimental design, using a gradient of biomass removal controls. We demonstrate the relevance of this design by presenting (1) conceptual examples of suspected biases and (2) how to observe and control for these biases.Using data from a mycorrhizal association-based removal experiment, we show that ignoring biomass removal biases (including by assuming ecosystem recovery) can lead to incorrect, or even contrary conclusions (e.g. false positive and false negative). Our gradient design can prevent such incorrect interpretations, regardless of whether aboveground biomass has fully recovered.Our approach provides more objective and quantitative insights, independently assessed for each variable, than using a proxy to assume ecosystem recovery. Our approach circumvents the strict statistical assumptions of, for example, ANCOVA and thus offers greater flexibility in data analysis.
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