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- Faergeman, Ole, et al.
(author)
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Plasma Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Events in the Treating to New Targets and Incremental Decrease in End-Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering Trials of Statins in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
- 2009
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In: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9149. ; 104:4, s. 459-463
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We determined the ability of in-trial measurements of triglycerides (TGs) to predict new cardiovascular events (CVEs) using data from the Incremental Decrease in End Points through Aggressive Lipid Lowering (IDEAL) and Treating to New Targets (TNT) trials. The trials compared atorvastatin 80 mg/day with moderate-dose statin therapy (simvastatin 20 to 40 mg/day in IDEAL and atorvastatin 10 mg/day in TNT) in patients with clinically evident coronary heart disease or a history of myocardial infarction. The outcome measurement in the present research was CVE occurring after the first year of the trial. After adjusting for age, gender, and study, risk of CVEs increased with increasing TGs (p andlt;0.001 for trend across quintiles of TGs). Patients in the highest quintile had a 63% higher rate of CVEs than patients in the lowest quintile (hazard ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.46 to 1.81) and the relation of TGs to risk was apparent even within the normal range of TGs. The ability of TG measurements to predict risk decreased when high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A-I were included in the statistical analysis, and it was abolished with inclusion of further variables (diabetes, body mass index, glucose, hypertension, and smoking; (p = 0.044 and 0.621, respectively, for trend across quintiles of TGs). Similar results were obtained in patients in whom low-density lipoprotein cholesterol had been lowered to guideline-recommended levels. In conclusion, even slightly increased TG levels are associated with higher risk of recurrence of CVEs in statin-treated patients and should be considered a useful marker of risk.
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| 2. |
- Olsson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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LDL cholesterol goals and cardiovascular risk during statin treatment: the IDEAL study
- 2011
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In: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION and REHABILITATION. - : Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. - 1741-8267. ; 18:2, s. 262-269
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims: We assessed the proportion of patients treated with either simvastatin 20 or 40 mg or atorvastatin 80 mg who achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals of 2.5 or 2.0 mmol/l in the Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering (IDEAL) study. We explored how lipoprotein components related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in these groups. Methods and results: For subjects who reached on-treatment LDL-C goals, Cox regression models were used to assess the ability of lipoprotein components to predict CVD events. Treatment with simvastatin or atorvastatin resulted in 40 per cent and 80 per cent of patients, respectively, reaching the 2.5 mmol/l goal and 12 per cent and 52 per cent, respectively, reaching the 2.0 mmol/l goal, after 1 year (all p andlt; 0.001 between groups). Adjusting for baseline LDL-C levels, hazard ratio (HR) for those reaching 2.0-2.5 mmol/l LDL-C versus those reaching andlt; 2.0 mmol/l was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.33, p = 0.023). An increase of the apolipoprotein B/A1 (apoB/A1) ratio by 1 standard deviation in participants who reached 2.0 mmol/l showed a HR for CVD of 1.14 (95% CI, 1.04-1.25, p = 0.004). Conclusion: More CVD patients treated with atorvastatin than simvastatin achieved either LDL-C goal and those reaching the 2.0 mmol/l goal exhibited significantly less CVD than those only reaching 2.5 mmol/l. In those reaching the 2.0 mmol/l goal, the apoB/A1 ratio still bears a relation to CVD outcome. The use of apoB/A1 ratio may provide additional predictive value to that of LDL-C.
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| 4. |
- Tikkanen, Matti J., et al.
(author)
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Effect of intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin on cardiovascular outcomes in coronary heart disease patients with mild-to-moderate baseline elevations in alanine aminotransferase levels
- 2013
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In: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 168:4, s. 3846-3852
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Statins may reduce cardiovascular (CV) morbidity in patients with mild-to-moderate elevations in liver enzyme levels. This post-hoc analysis of the IDEAL study compared intensive versus moderate statin therapy for the prevention of CV events in coronary heart disease patients with normal and elevated baseline levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of atorvastatin 80 mg/day versus simvastatin 20-40 mg/day on the risk of IDEAL study end points in patients with normal baseline ALT (defined as ALT andlt; ULN [upper limit of normal]) versus elevated baseline ALT (ALT andgt;= ULN). less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Of 8863 IDEAL patients with non-missing baseline ALT values, 7782 (87.8%) had an ALT andlt; ULN and 1081 (12.2%) had an ALT andgt;= ULN. In patients with elevated baseline ALT, major CV event rates were 11.5% for simvastatin and 6.5% for atorvastatin, indicating a significant risk reduction with intensive statin therapy (hazard ratio, 0.556; 95% confidence interval, 0.367-0.842; p = 0.0056). Significant heterogeneity of treatment effect was observed for major CV events, cerebrovascular events, and major coronary events, with a trend towards treatment difference for the other outcomes, indicating a greater benefit with atorvastatin in the elevated ALT group. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: The CV benefit of intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin compared with a more moderate regimen with simvastatin was generally greater in patients with mildly-to-moderately elevated baseline ALT than patients with normal baseline ALT. Moderate elevations in liver enzyme levels should not present a barrier to prescribing statins, even at higher doses, in high-risk patients.
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| 5. |
- Tikkanen, Matti J, et al.
(author)
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Total Cardiovascular Disease Burden: Comparing Intensive With Moderate Statin Therapy Insights From the IDEAL (Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering) Trial
- 2009
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In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 54:25, s. 2353-2357
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives This post-hoc analysis of the IDEAL (Incremental Decrease in End Points Through Aggressive Lipid Lowering) trial was designed to assess the comparative treatment efficacy of high-dose atorvastatin and usual-dose simvastatin for the prevention of events subsequent to the first event, using the Wei, Lin, and Weissfeld method. Background Time-to-first-event analysis of data is frequently utilized to provide efficacy outcome information in coronary heart disease prevention trials. However, during the course of such long-term trials, a large number of events occur subsequent to the first event, the analysis of which will be precluded by this approach. Methods The Wei, Lin, and Weissfeld method allows the analysis of repeated occurrence of events of the same type or of entirely different natures. It regards the recurrence times as multivariate event (failure) times, and models the marginal (individual) distribution for each event with the Cox proportional hazards model. Results In the IDEAL trial, compared with patients taking simvastatin 20 to 40 mg daily, patients receiving atorvastatin 80 mg daily had their relative risk of a first cardiovascular event reduced by 17% (p less than 0.0001), of a second by 24% (p less than 0.0001), of a third by 19% (p = 0.035), of a fourth by 24% (p = 0.058), and of a fifth by 28% (p = 0.117). Conclusions Our results indicate that intensive statin therapy continues to be more effective than standard statin therapy, even beyond the first event, and suggest that clinicians should not hesitate to prescribe high-dose statin therapy for patients experiencing multiple recurrent cardiovascular events.
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