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- Munkhaugen, John, et al.
(författare)
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Managing patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes after coronary events : individual tailoring needed - a cross-sectional study
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Understanding the determinants associated with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in coronary patients may help to individualize treatment and modelling interventions. We sought to identify sociodemographic, medical and psychosocial factors associated with normal blood glucose (HbA1c < 5.7%), prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.4%), and type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional explorative study applied regression analyses to investigate the factors associated with glycaemic status and control (HbA1c level) in 1083 patients with myocardial infarction and/or a coronary revascularization procedure. Data were collected from hospital records at the index event and from a self-report questionnaire and clinical examination with blood samples at 2-36 months follow-up. Results: In all, 23% had type 2 diabetes, 44% had prediabetes, and 33% had normal blood glucose at follow-up. In adjusted analyses, type 2 diabetes was associated with larger waist circumference (Odds Ratio 1.03 per 1.0 cm, p = 0.001), hypertension (Odds Ratio 2.7, p < 0.001), lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Odds Ratio 0.3 per1.0 mmol/L, p = 0. 002) and insomnia (Odds Ratio 2.0, p= 0.002). In adjusted analyses, prediabetes was associated with smoking (Odds Ratio 33, p = 0.001), hypertension (Odds Ratio 1.5, p = 0.03), and non-participation in cardiac rehabilitation (Odds Ratio 1.7, p = 0. 003). In patients with type 2 diabetes, a higher HbA(1c) level was associated with ethnic minority background (standardized beta [beta] 0.19, p = 0.005) and low drug adherence (0 0.17, p = 0.01). In patients with prediabetes or normal blood glucose, a higher HbA(1c) was associated with larger waist circumference (beta 0.13, p < 0.001), smoking (beta 0.18, p < 0.001), hypertension (beta 0.08, p = 0.04), older age (beta 0.16, p < 0.001), and non-participation in cardiac rehabilitation (beta 0.11, p = 0.005). Conclusions: Along with obesity and hypertension, insomnia and low drug adherence were the major modifiable factors associated with type 2 diabetes, whereas smoking and non-participation in cardiac rehabilitation were the factors associated with prediabetes. Further research on the effect of individual tailoring, addressing the reported significant predictors of failure, is needed to improve glycaemic control.
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| 2. |
- Munkhaugen, John, et al.
(författare)
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The role of medical and psychosocial factors for unfavourable coronary risk factor control
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 50:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. This project aims to identify socio-demographic, medical and psychosocial factors (study factors) associated with coronary risk control and prognosis, and to test their impact in a representative sample of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Design. The first phase includes a cross-sectional study designed to explore the association between the study factors and coronary risk factor control in CHD patients. Data from hospital records, a questionnaire, clinical examination and blood samples were collected. The independent effects of study factors on subsequent coronary events will be explored prospectively by controlling for baseline coronary risk factors. In the second phase, we will test the effect of tailored interventions to modify the study factors associated with unfavourable risk profile in phase I. Results. In all 1366 patients (21% women), aged 18-80 years with a coronary event on average 17 (2-38) months prior to study participation were identified (83% participation rate). Of the 239 patients who refused participation, 229 patients consented to analysis of hospital record data (non- participants). Conclusions. If the study variables contribute to CHD risk factors and prognosis, the present project may be important for the development of prevention programs by tailoring these to the patients perceived needs and behaviour profiles.
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| 3. |
- Peersen, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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Medical and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Low Physical Activity and Increasing Exercise Level After a Coronary Event
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiopulmanory Rehabilitation and Prevention (JCRP). - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1932-7501 .- 1932-751X. ; 40:1, s. 35-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The reasons why many coronary patients are inactive or have a low level of physical activity (PA) are not completely understood. We identified medical and psychosocial factors associated with PA status and increasing exercise level after a coronary event. Methods: A cross-sectional study investigated the factors associated with PA in 1101 patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction (MI) and/or a revascularization procedure. Data were collected from hospital records, a self-report questionnaire, and a clinical examination. PA was categorized as inactivity, low activity, and adequate activity (>= moderate intensity of 30 min >= 2-3 times/wk), an overall summary PA-index was measured as a continuous variable, and self-reported PA increase since the index event was measured on a 0- to 10-point Likert Scale. Results: In all, 18% reported inactivity, 42% low, and 40% adequate activity at follow-up after median 16 mo. In multiadjusted linear regression analyses, low PA-index was significantly associated with smoking, obesity, unhealthy diet, depression, female, low education, MI as index diagnosis, and >= 1 previous coronary event. Motivation, risk and illness perceptions, and low reported need of help to increase PA were significantly associated with self-reported increasing PA level in adjusted continuous analyses. Conclusions: Daily smoking, obesity, unhealthy diet, and depression were the major potentially modifiable factors associated with insufficient PA, whereas high motivation and risk and illness perceptions were associated with increasing PA level. Further research on the effect of interventions tailored to the reported significant factors of failure is needed to improve PA level in CHD patients.
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| 4. |
- Peersen, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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The role of cardiac rehabilitation in secondary prevention after coronary events
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 24:13, s. 1360-1368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Coronary risk factor control in Europe is suboptimal and there are large variations in the nature of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programmes offered to coronary heart disease patients. We aim to explore characteristics and risk factor control in patients recruited from two neighbouring hospitals offering CR with different content. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 1127 Norwegian patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction and/or a revascularization procedure attended a clinical visit and completed a questionnaire at 2-36 months' follow-up. The hospital of Vestfold provides comprehensive CR, while the hospital of Drammen provides mainly exercise-based CR. Results At follow-up, patients in Vestfold performed more physical activity (p=0.02), were less obese (p=0.02) and reported better medication adherence (p=0.02) than patients in Drammen. The perceived need for information and follow-up was higher in Drammen than Vestfold (p<0.001). The CR participation rate in Vestfold was 75% compared with 18% in Drammen. CR participation in Vestfold was associated with higher prevalence of smoking cessation (p=0.001), lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.01) and better medication adherence (p=0.02) compared with non-CR, in adjusted analyses. No differences in diet, body weight, or blood pressure control were found between CR and non-CR. Conclusions Vestfold, with comprehensive CR, had a higher participation rate and more risk factors on target than Drammen. Participation in CR in Vestfold was associated with higher levels of smoking cessation and medication adherence, and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but overall risk factor control is still deficient, underlining the need for improved understanding of barriers to optimal risk factor control.
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