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- Junaid, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Epitaxial Growth of GaN (0001)/Al2O3 (0001) by Reactive High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputter Deposition
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Epitaxial GaN (0001) thin films were grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering of liquid Ga targets in a mixed N2/Ar discharge. A combination of x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, μ-Raman mapping and spectroscopy, μ-photoluminescence, time of flight elastic recoil detection, and cathodoluminescence showed the formation of relaxed and strained domains in the same films. While the strained domains form due to ion bombardment during growth, the relaxed domains exhibit
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- Persson, Alexander, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Apoptotic neutrophils activates the inflammatory response in macrophages –increased capacity to handle intracellular infection
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Inflammation is essential to eradicate invading pathogens but an uncontrolled inflammation may develop into chronic inflammation and extensive tissue destruction unable of effectively controlling infections. At the site of infection, macrophages are the major regulators of the inflammatory response through balanced release of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and therefore a key cell in the resolution of inflammation. Neutrophils effectively phagocytose and kill pathogens but they are short-lived and removal of these dead cells by macrophages is a key event in the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. However, down-regulation of the immune response by apoptotic cells would in the presence of pathogens be detrimental to the host. In contrast to resolution of inflammation, we show that in the presence of microbial stimuli, apoptotic neutrophils in fact exert a potent pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages. This augmentation of the pro-inflammatory response is dependent on uptake of the apoptotic cells by the macrophage. In addition to secretion of TNF-α, presence of apoptotic neutrophils enhanced the capacity of the stimulated macrophages to kill intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This presents a novel role for apoptotic neutrophils in the modulation of the macrophage-dependent inflammatory response, and control of intracellular infections.
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- Persson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Maps of sparse Markov chains efficiently reveal community structure in network flows with memory
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To better understand the flows of ideas or information through social and biological systems, researchers develop maps that reveal important patterns in network flows. In practice, network flow models have implied memoryless first-order Markov chains, but recently researchers have introduced higher-order Markov chain models with memory to capture patterns in multi-step pathways. Higher-order models are particularly important for effectively revealing actual, overlapping community structure, but higher-order Markov chain models suffer from the curse of dimensionality: their vast parameter spaces require exponentially increasing data to avoid overfitting and therefore make mapping inefficient already for moderate-sized systems. To overcome this problem, we introduce an efficient cross-validated mapping approach based on network flows modeled by sparse Markov chains. To illustrate our approach, we present a map of citation flows in science with research fields that overlap in multidisciplinary journals. Compared with currently used categories in science of science studies, the research fields form better units of analysis because the map more effectively captures how ideas flow through science.
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