| 1. |
- Brink, Daniel P., et al.
(author)
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D-xylose sensing in saccharomyces cerevisiae : Insights from D-glucose signaling and native D-xylose utilizers
- 2021
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In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 22:22
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Extension of the substrate range is among one of the metabolic engineering goals for microorganisms used in biotechnological processes because it enables the use of a wide range of raw materials as substrates. One of the most prominent examples is the engineering of baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the utilization of D-xylose, a five-carbon sugar found in high abundance in lignocellulosic biomass and a key substrate to achieve good process economy in chemical production from renewable and non-edible plant feedstocks. Despite many excellent engineering strategies that have allowed recombinant S. cerevisiae to ferment D-xylose to ethanol at high yields, the consumption rate of D-xylose is still significantly lower than that of its preferred sugar D-glucose. In mixed D-glucose/D-xylose cultivations, D-xylose is only utilized after D-glucose depletion, which leads to prolonged process times and added costs. Due to this limitation, the response on D-xylose in the native sugar signaling pathways has emerged as a promising next-level engineering target. Here we review the current status of the knowledge of the response of S. cerevisiae signaling pathways to D-xylose. To do this, we first summarize the response of the native sensing and signaling pathways in S. cerevisiae to D-glucose (the preferred sugar of the yeast). Using the Dglucose case as a point of reference, we then proceed to discuss the known signaling response to Dxylose in S. cerevisiae and current attempts of improving the response by signaling engineering using native targets and synthetic (non-native) regulatory circuits.
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| 2. |
- Bustamante, Mercedes, et al.
(author)
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Ten new insights in climate science 2023
- 2023
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In: Global Sustainability. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 2059-4798. ; 7
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Non-technical summary We identify a set of essential recent advances in climate change research with high policy relevance, across natural and social sciences: (1) looming inevitability and implications of overshooting the 1.5 degrees C warming limit, (2) urgent need for a rapid and managed fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future contribution of natural carbon sinks, (5) intertwinedness of the crises of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems.Technical summary The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports provides the scientific foundation for international climate negotiations and constitutes an unmatched resource for researchers. However, the assessment cycles take multiple years. As a contribution to cross- and interdisciplinary understanding of climate change across diverse research communities, we have streamlined an annual process to identify and synthesize significant research advances. We collected input from experts on various fields using an online questionnaire and prioritized a set of 10 key research insights with high policy relevance. This year, we focus on: (1) the looming overshoot of the 1.5 degrees C warming limit, (2) the urgency of fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges to scale-up carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding future natural carbon sinks, (5) the need for joint governance of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) advances in understanding compound events, (7) accelerated mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility amidst climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. We present a succinct account of these insights, reflect on their policy implications, and offer an integrated set of policy-relevant messages. This science synthesis and science communication effort is also the basis for a policy report contributing to elevate climate science every year in time for the United Nations Climate Change Conference.Social media summary We highlight recent and policy-relevant advances in climate change research - with input from more than 200 experts.
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| 3. |
- Linell, Per, et al.
(author)
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Moving in and out of framings : Activity contexts in talks with young unemployed people within a training project
- 2003
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In: Journal of Pragmatics. - 0378-2166 .- 1879-1387. ; 35:3, s. 409-434
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is concerned with talk activities in and through which parties simulate another talk activity. Data are drawn from a social and vocational training project for young unemployed people involving talk activities of multiple ambiguous kinds. In particular, we analyze simulated job interviews in which the young people are supposed to learn how to behave in real job interviews, but the parties seem to orient to several other goals simultaneously. Participants do not sustain a unified definition of what is going on and activities involve complexities and hybridities on several planes. This allows us to probe issues having to do with concepts like context, frame, activity type, and genre. In terms of theory, we challenge some approaches to context as developed within Conversation Analysis. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Lundberg, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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The size of actinoid(III) ions - structural analysis vs. common misinterpretations
- 2016
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In: Coordination Chemistry Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-8545. ; 318, s. 131-134
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A fundamental property of ions is their size, a known fact since before the acceptance of the modern atom model. The common way to describe the size of an ion is to determine its radius, defined as one of a pair of radii adding up to the bond distance between the centers of two nuclei. There are numerous factors that influence the ionic radius of a metal ion, where both valence and coordination number are essential when explaining reactivity, complexation, and chemical behavior. The similarity in ionic radii and chemical behavior between the elements in the lanthanoid and actinoid series is well-known and frequently used, making members of the former safe substitutes to avoid hazardous experiments with the radioactive actinoids. This review establishes reliable ionic radii for the nine-coordinate actinoid(III) ions, based on reported structural data, shedding light upon common misconceptions and clarifying the relationship between the ionic radii in the lantanoid and actinoid series. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Onerup, Aron, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Physical activity on prescription in accordance with the Swedish model increases physical activity: a systematic review.
- 2019
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In: British journal of sports medicine. - : BMJ. - 1473-0480 .- 0306-3674. ; 53:6, s. 383-388
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the effects of the core elements of the Swedish model for physical activity on prescription (PAP) by evaluating studies that compared adults who received PAP with adults who did not receive PAP. All participants were adults identified by a healthcare professional as in need of increased physical activity. Primary outcome was level of physical activity.Systematic review. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: (1) Published 1999. (2) Systematic review, randomised controlled trial (RCT), non-RCT or case series (for adverse events). (3) ≥12 weeks' follow-up. (4) Performed in the Nordic countries. (5) Presented in English, Swedish, Norwegian or Danish.Systematic searches in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, AMED, CINAHL and SweMed+ in September 2017. Included articles were evaluated using checklists to determine risk of bias.Nine relevant articles were included: seven RCTs, one cohort study and one case series.Primary outcome was reported in seven articles from six studies (five RCTs, one cohort study, 642 participants). Positive results were reported from three of the five RCTs and from the cohort study. No study reported any negative results. Swedish PAP probably results in an increased level of physical activity (GRADE⊕⊕⊕Ο).Although the number of the reviewed articles was relatively modest, this systematic review shows that PAP in accordance with the Swedish model probably increases the level of physical activity. As a model for exercise prescription, Swedish PAP may be considered as part of regular healthcare to increase physical activity in patients.
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| 6. |
- Persson, Emil, et al.
(author)
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Intertemporal prosocial behavior: a review and research agenda
- 2024
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In: Frontiers in Psychology. - : FRONTIERS MEDIA SA. - 1664-1078. ; 15
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research on intertemporal and prosocial decisions has largely developed in separate strands of literature. However, many of the decisions we make occur at the intersection of these two dimensions (intertemporal and prosocial). Trust is an example, where a decision today is made with the expectation that another person will reciprocate (or betray) later. A new literature is emerging to explore the role of time in these types of situations, where time and social considerations are intertwined. In many cases, time introduces (or magnifies) an element of uncertainty about future outcomes and utility that people need to deal with - what will happen, how good will it be, how will it feel. We review this emerging literature on intertemporal prosocial decision-making and discuss how new research can fill existing knowledge gaps.
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| 7. |
- Persson-Thunqvist, Daniel, Professor, 1969-, et al.
(author)
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The Role of VET in a Green Transition of Industry : A literature review
- 2023
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In: International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training. - Berlin, Germany : European Educational Research Association. - 2197-8638 .- 2197-8646. ; 10:3, s. 361-382
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: This article examines the role of Vocational Education and Training (VET) in a green transition of industry. In the world of industry, battling climate change is often treated as a technical issue, but recent research on VET has tried to balance the technological paradigm with more human-centric approaches. The literature review addresses emergent VET research that presents various and partially competing perspectives on the purpose of VET in relation to climate change. Methods: We use an integrative literature review to investigate this complex topic. This technique is particularly useful for making sense of emergent research concepts, as well as various, and partially competing, theoretical and methodological approaches. It also allows us to incorporate literature from different countries and VET systems. The main search was performed in Scopus during March 2023, and included studies published within a timespan of eight years (2016–2023). Findings: Through a qualitative content analysis, we have identified five cross-cutting themes in the literature: Conceptualising ill-defined concepts of green jobs and skills; high-tech solutions in the movement towards a fourth industrial revolution versus inclusive growth for VET greening; towards sustainable work-based learning for green skills in VET; radical transformative approaches to a just green transition; and the co-creation of skill-formation ecosystems. The analysis has highlighted the ways in which VET can take on different roles in the green transition, and that these roles can be developed successively in parallel with a green transition in industry. In the development of the role of VET, it is also relevant to consider the contrast between transitional approaches and transformative approaches in VET research. While transitional approaches are recurrently marked by empirical research in specialised areas and subsystems within society, transformative approaches are characterised by a stronger focus on societal transformation (large-scale changes), power dynamics, and social justice. Conclusion: In conclusion, we suggest an analytical model that synthesises research on what role VET can play in a green transition of industry. The development model highlights that VET can take on different roles in a green transition and can gradually develop in parallel with a green transition in industry.
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| 8. |
- Wilson, Stephen A., et al.
(author)
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New materials for micro-scale sensors and actuators An engineering review
- 2007
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In: Materials science & engineering. R, Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-796X .- 1879-212X. ; 56:06-jan, s. 1-129
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper provides a detailed overview of developments in transducer materials technology relating to their current and future applications in micro-scale devices. Recent advances in piezoelectric, magnetostrictive and shape-memory alloy systems are discussed and emerging transducer materials such as magnetic nanoparticles, expandable micro-spheres and conductive polymers are introduced. Materials properties, transducer mechanisms and end applications are described and the potential for integration of the materials with ancillary systems components is viewed as an essential consideration. The review concludes with a short discussion of structural polymers that are extending the range of micro-fabrication techniques available to designers and production engineers beyond the limitations of silicon fabrication technology.
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