| 1. |
- Cromdal, Jakob, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Barn ringer 112
- 2007
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Ingår i: Signalen - Tidningen "För ett tryggare samhälle" från SOS Alarm. - 1651-6958. ; :2, s. 28-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 2. |
- Cromdal, Jakob, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Context that matters : Producing “thick-enough descriptions” in initial emergency reports
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Pragmatics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-2166 .- 1879-1387. ; 40, s. 927-959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines how troublesome events are described in children’s emergency calls. In focus forthe analysis are the procedures through which participants methodically deal with contextual informationconcerning the reported emergency event during the early phases of the call, i.e., up to the point where theoperator is able to set emergency priority. This choice is motivated by a set of institutional concerns thatsurface in the interaction typically, but not solely, through the operator’s ways of receiving and managing thecaller’s unfolding report. The initial phase of emergency calls thus offers a locus of order, a phenomenon initself, in addition to offering access to some of the finer details of sequential and categorical organisation ofinteraction in emergency calls. Applying Ryle’s (1968) distinction between ‘thin’ vs. ‘thick’ description(roughly, the description of an observed event vs. description of the meaning of an observed event) to thereporting of emergencies, we argue that determining the relevant level of ‘thickness’ is, above all, a task forthe participants themselves. Hence, our analysis shows that interaction during the early phases of emergencycalls is distinctively geared towards producing a ‘thick-enough’ description of the reported event. Thesefindings are discussed in terms of the methodological problem of how features of the context can enterinteraction analytic accounts of institutional exchanges. Specifically, we argue that relevant features ofcontext ‘brought along’ to emergency calls (to do, for instance, with operators’ institutional agendas orcallers’ situations) are also ‘brought about’ by the participants as part of the interactional work throughwhich one party’s observations are jointly transformed into descriptions that form accountable reports ofemergency events.
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| 3. |
- Cromdal, Jakob, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Finding out what's happened : Two procedures for opening emergency calls
- 2012
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Ingår i: Discourse Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 1461-4456 .- 1461-7080. ; 14:4, s. 371-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines two corpora of telephone calls to the Swedish emergency services SOS-Alarm. The focus of analysis is on the procedural consequentiality of the routine opening by the operator. In the first corpus, the summons are answered by identification of the service via the emergency number. In the second corpus, the protocol has been altered, such that the opening entails the emergency number combined with a standard query concerning the nature of the incident. Through sequential and categorial analysis of the two collections, we highlight the distinct trajectories of action ensuing from the two opening protocols. The stand-alone emergency number opening typically results in callers asking for a specific service. In contrast, opening turns that end with a direct query about the incident tend to solicit brief descriptions of the trouble. We discuss the benefits of the latter procedure in terms of topical progression and institutional relevance, proposing that the work of emergency assistance agencies worldwide might consider implementing opening routines with a similar design.
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| 4. |
- Cromdal, Jakob, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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‘‘SOS 112 what has occurred?’’ : Managing openings in children’s emergency calls
- 2012
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Ingår i: Discourse, Context & Media. - : Elsevier. - 2211-6958. ; 1:4, s. 183-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the initial exchanges in calls to the Swedish emergency services, focusing on callers’ responses to the standardised opening phrase “SOS one one two, what has occurred?”. Comparisons across three age groups – children, teenagers and adults – revealed significant differences in caller behaviour. Whereas teenagers and adults offered reports of the incident, child callers were more prone to request dispatch of specific assistance units. This pattern was only observable when children were accompanied by an adult relative, which leads us to propose that child callers may be operating under prior adult instruction concerning how to request help. The second part of the analysis examines the local organisation of participants' actions, showing how turn-design and sequencing manifest the local concerns of the two parties. The analysis thus combines quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the ways through which the parties jointly produce an early sense of emergency incidents. These results are discussed in terms of children's agency and competence as informants granted to them by emergency operators, and how such competence ascriptions run against commonsense conceptualisations of children as less-than-full-fledged members of society.
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| 5. |
- Landqvist, Håkan, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Om man frågar får man svar : Två öppningsrutiner för SOS-ärenden och deras konsekvenser för samtalens inledning
- 2012
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Ingår i: Språk och stil. - Uppsala : Adolf Noreen-sällskapet för svensk språk- och stilforskning. - 1101-1165 .- 2002-4010. ; 22:2, s. 127-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is a conversation analytic study examining how two ways of answering emergency calls have different implications and consequences for the ensuing interaction. In an older corpus of 22 calls to a Swedish emergency center, the calls were routinely answered with an identification phrase “ninety thousand” (i.e. the telephone number 90 000) or “SOS ninety thousand”, whereas the 52 calls in a recently collected corpus are routinely answered with an identification phrase followed by a question, taking the format “SOS 1-1-2, what has occurred?” The analysis shows how the different answering formats affect what is being brought up at different sequential positions during call beginnings, and also how the standardized relational pair of “help provider” and “help seeker”, each with its respective rights and obligations, is constructed. The article concludes with a discussion of the benefits of the latter way of answering emergency calls, arguing that it helps making the distribution of responsibilities among the interactants clear, and that it allows for a truncation of an unnecessary sequence. In this way, the latter format enhances topical progression and promotes institutional relevance.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Osvaldsson, Karin, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehension checks, clarifications, and corrections in an emergency call with a nonnative speaker of Swedish
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Bilingualism. - : SAGE Publications. - 1367-0069 .- 1756-6878. ; 17:2, s. 205-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports on a case study of an emergency call with a 12-year-old girl, who is hearably not a native speaker of Swedish. A sequential analysis of the recorded call revealed two interesting interactional practices through which the participants can be seen to pursue mutual understanding. The first type of practice involves the participants’ orientation toward potential or projected problems of comprehension and should therefore be understood in terms of preemptive management of mutual understanding. This is chiefly accomplished by either party (a) making sure that the other party has understood; (b) checking the correctness and adequacy of one’s own understanding; and finally (c) displaying one’s own understanding of the other party en passant, that is, without requiring the other party’s confirmation. The second type of practice, commonly known as conversational repair, is used to deal with established problems of comprehension. The methods through which these problems are managed involve (d) repeating and paraphrasing preceding turns or their problematic fragments; (e) finding alternative ways of talking about demonstrably noncomprehended information; and finally (f) postponing such problematic exchanges. The study demonstrates that despite the institutionally asymmetric character of emergency calls, both participants are actively engaged in working toward intersubjectivity, and the analysis identifies several different ways through which the parties orient to and handle interactional trouble so as to secure mutual comprehension in a socially smooth yet efficient manner.
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| 8. |
- Persson-Thunqvist, Daniel, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Språkligt arbete i nödsamtal : En kunskapsöversikt med forskningsutblickar
- 2008
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Ingår i: Språk och stil. - 1101-1165 .- 2002-4010. ; 18, s. 67-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emergency calls are an important public service and comprise the first step in an emergency response.This service is essentially mediated through talk. The article presents a review of conversationanalytic studies of the interaction taking place in real-life emergency calls. Some of thesestudies focus on analyzing the highly specialized conversational structure of calls to the emergencyservices. Others explore a variety of routine interactional troubles, including, for instance, misunderstandingsarising from the asymmetries in knowledge about the institutional setting, as well asdifferent expectations the parties bring to the interaction. A further subset of studies includes analysesof deviant cases, in which emergency calls not only evinced interactional troubles but alsoproved seriously consequential for the response operation. The present review reveals that there isa lack of studies targeting emergency calls with certain specific categories of callers that may provecommunicatively problematic, such as non-native callers and children. An analysis of a few exchangesbetween an immigrant child and the operator serves to illustrate some specific languagerelatedsources of interactional trouble. This demonstrates, more broadly, the need for analytic researchto highlight the procedures through which the parties work to manage and remedy such interactionalproblems, thus allowing for the accomplishment of a successful emergency assistance.
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