| 1. |
- Nyberg, Lena, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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A single-step competitive binding assay for mapping of single DNA molecules
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 417:1, s. 404-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical mapping of genomic DNA is of relevance for a plethora of applications such as scaffolding for sequencing and detection of structural variations as well as identification cif pathogens like bacteria and viruses. For future clinical applications it is desirable to have a fast and robust mapping method based on as few steps as possible. We here demonstrate a single-step method to obtain a DNA barcode that is directly visualized using nanofluidic devices and fluorescence microscopy. Using a mixture of YOYO-1, a bright DNA dye, and netropsin, a natural antibiotic with very high AT specificity, we obtain a DNA map with a fluorescence intensity profile along the DNA that reflects the underlying sequence. The netropsin binds to AT-tetrads and blocks these binding sites from YOYO-1 binding which results in lower fluorescence intensity from AT-rich regions of the DNA. We thus obtain a DNA barcode that is dark in AT-rich regions and bright in GC-rich regions with kilobasepair resolution. We demonstrate the versatility of the method by obtaining a barcode on DNA from the phage T4 that captures its circular permutation and agrees well with its known sequence.
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| 2. |
- Fadl, Helena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Changing diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes in Sweden-a stepped wedge national cluster randomised controlled trial-the CDC4G study protocol
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2393. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The optimal criteria to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remain contested. The Swedish National Board of Health introduced the 2013 WHO criteria in 2015 as a recommendation for initiation of treatment for hyperglycaemia during pregnancy. With variation in GDM screening and diagnostic practice across the country, it was agreed that the shift to new guidelines should be in a scientific and structured way. The aim of the Changing Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes (CDC4G) in Sweden () is to evaluate the clinical and health economic impacts of changing diagnostic criteria for GDM in Sweden and to create a prospective cohort to compare the many long-term outcomes in mother and baby under the old and new diagnostic approaches. Methods This is a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial, comparing pregnancy outcomes before and after the switch in GDM criteria across 11 centres in a randomised manner. The trial includes all pregnant women screened for GDM across the participating centres during January-December 2018, approximately two thirds of all pregnancies in Sweden in a year. Women with pre-existing diabetes will be excluded. Data will be collected through the national Swedish Pregnancy register and for follow up studies other health registers will be included. Discussion The stepped wedge RCT was chosen to be the best study design for evaluating the shift from old to new diagnostic criteria of GDM in Sweden. The national quality registers provide data on the whole pregnant population and gives a possibility for follow up studies of both mother and child. The health economic analysis from the study will give a solid evidence base for future changes in order to improve immediate pregnancy, as well as long term, outcomes for mother and child.
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| 3. |
- Karlsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Measured and predicted energy demand of a low energy building : Important aspects when using building energy simulation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Building Services Engineering Research & Technology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0143-6244 .- 1477-0849. ; 28:3, s. 223-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three different simulation tools were used to simulate a low energy terraced house in the south of Sweden. The software tools all use dynamic models to calculate, for example, the energy demand for heating and the indoor temperatures. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relative importance to the annual energy demand of different energy aspects of a Swedish low-energy house. Both measured and simulated values are considered and compared. The focus is on the impact of choice of software, the habits of the tenants, and the relative impact of different design parameters such as ventilation rates. The measured values for total electricity demand range from about 6000 kWh to over 12000kWh, the average demand being 8020kWh. The annual predicted total energy demand using three different simulation software tools deviated by about 2%. The energy use deviation due to airflow control was about 10%, and the deviation due to differences in heat exchanger efficiency was about 20% and the deviation in annual energy use due to differences in internal gains due to differences in tenant habits, assumed in the models, was 7%. Furthermore, when comparing the predicted energy use during the design process of the low-energy building with actual measurements after the tenants have moved in, these differ about 50% in average for this specific case. Practical application: Building energy simulation software is often used to make predictions of how different construction materials, design principles and operation influence the energy balance and indoor thermal comfort. It is therefore important that the output of these software tools is trustworthy and accurate. This paper discusses the importance of accurate input data during the design process in order to achieve a valid prediction of energy use with emphasis on tenants' behaviour. It was shown that the deviations in a parametric study were larger than the deviations in the comparison between the results from the three simulation tools. This indicates a need for more accurate models for modelling tenant behaviour and habits rather than more accurate building component models.
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| 4. |
- Pekar, Heidi, et al.
(författare)
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Fast, rugged and sensitive ultra high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for analysis of cyanotoxins in raw water and drinking water-First findings of anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins and microcystin variants in Swedish source waters and infiltration ponds
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 1429, s. 265-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freshwater blooms of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in source waters are generally composed of several different strains with the capability to produce a variety of toxins. The major exposure routes for humans are direct contact with recreational waters and ingestion of drinking water not efficiently treated. The ultra high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based analytical method presented here allows simultaneous analysis of 22 cyanotoxins from different toxin groups, including anatoxins, cylindrospermopsins, nodularin and microcystins in raw water and drinking water. The use of reference standards enables correct identification of toxins as well as precision of the quantification and due to matrix effects, recovery correction is required. The multi-toxin group method presented here, does not compromise sensitivity, despite the large number of analytes. The limit of quantification was set to 0.1 mu g/L for 75% of the cyanotoxins in drinking water and 0.5 mu g/L for all cyanotoxins in raw water, which is compliant with the WHO guidance value for microcystin-LR. The matrix effects experienced during analysis were reasonable for most analytes, considering the large volume injected into the mass spectrometer. The time of analysis, including lysing of cell bound toxins, is less than three hours. Furthermore, the method was tested in Swedish source waters and infiltration ponds resulting in evidence of presence of anatoxin, homo-anatoxin, cylindrospermopsin and several variants of microcystins for the first time in Sweden, proving its usefulness.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Eva M, et al.
(författare)
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A clinical single-pass perfusion investigation of the dynamic in vivo secretory response to a dietary meal in human proximal small intestine
- 2006
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Ingår i: Pharmaceutical research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0724-8741 .- 1573-904X. ; 23:4, s. 742-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To investigate the gastrointestinal secretory and enzymatic responses to a liquid meal during in vivo perfusion of the proximal human jejunum. Methods Human intestinal fluid was collected from the proximal jejunum by single-pass in vivo perfusion (Loc-I-Gut). The fluid was quantitatively collected at 10-min intervals during 90 min while perfusing a nutritional drink at 2 mL/min. Quantification of lipids in the fluid leaving the segment was performed by using novel chromatographic methods. Results The overall bile acid concentration varied between 0.5 and 8.6 mM with a peak level 40 min after the start of the liquid meal perfusion. The total concentration of phospholipids was between 0.1 and 3.9 mM and there was a rapid degradation of phosphatidylcholine to lysophosphatidylcholine. The tri-, di-, monoglycerides and free fatty acid levels increased sharply in the beginning and reached steady-state levels between 7 and 9.5 mM. Conclusions There is a rapid secretion of bile in response to food. Most of the dietary lipids are found in the form of their degradation products in vivo in human jejunum. This novel in vivo characterization, based on direct and high-recovery sampling of intestinal fluids, forms a basis for further development of improved in vitro drug dissolution test media.
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| 6. |
- Schwartz, Christofer, et al.
(författare)
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On-board Satellite Data Processing to Achieve Smart Information Collection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 9781510651524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, it is a reality to launch, operate, and utilize small satellites at an affordable cost. However, bandwidth constraint is still an important challenge. For instance, multispectral and hyperspectral sensors generate a significant amount of data subjected to communication channel impairments, which is addressed mainly by source and channel coding aiming at an effective transmission. This paper targets a significant further bandwidth reduction by proposing an on-the-fly analysis technique on the satellite to decide which information is effectively useful for specific target applications, before coding and transmitting. The challenge would be detecting clouds and vessels having the measurements of red-band, green-band, blue-band, and near infrared band, aiming at sufficient probability of detection, avoiding false alarms. Furthermore, the embedded platform constraints must be satisfied. Experiments for typical scenarios of summer and winter days in Stockholm, Sweden, are conducted using data from the Mimir’s Well, the Saab AI-based data fusion system. Results show that non-relevant content can be identified and discarded, pointing out that for the cloudy scenarios evaluated, up to 73.1% percent of image content can be suppressed without compromising the useful information into the image. For the water regions in the scenarios containing vessels, results indicate that a stringent amount of data can be discarded (up to 98.5%) when transmitting only the regions of interest (ROI).
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| 7. |
- Schwartz, Christofer, et al.
(författare)
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Satellite Image Compression Guided by Regions of Interest
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 23:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small satellites empower different applications for an affordable price. By dealing with a limited capacity for using instruments with high power consumption or high data-rate requirements, small satellite missions usually focus on specific monitoring and observation tasks. Considering that multispectral and hyperspectral sensors generate a significant amount of data subjected to communication channel impairments, bandwidth constraint is an important challenge in data transmission. That issue is addressed mainly by source and channel coding techniques aiming at an effective transmission. This paper targets a significant further bandwidth reduction by proposing an on-the-fly analysis on the satellite to decide which information is effectively useful before coding and transmitting. The images are tiled and classified using a set of detection algorithms after defining the least relevant content for general remote sensing applications. The methodology makes use of the red-band, green-band, blue-band, and near-infrared-band measurements to perform the classification of the content by managing a cloud detection algorithm, a change detection algorithm, and a vessel detection algorithm. Experiments for a set of typical scenarios of summer and winter days in Stockholm, Sweden, were conducted, and the results show that non-important content can be identified and discarded without compromising the predefined useful information for water and dry-land regions. For the evaluated images, only 22.3% of the information would need to be transmitted to the ground station to ensure the acquisition of all the important content, which illustrates the merits of the proposed method. Furthermore, the embedded platform’s constraints regarding processing time were analyzed by running the detection algorithms on Unibap’s iX10-100 space cloud platform.
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