| 1. |
- Danielsson, Mats, Professor, et al.
(författare)
-
Photon-counting x-ray detectors for CT
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 66:3, s. 03TR01-
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of photon-counting detectors is expected to be the next major breakthrough in clinical x-ray CT. During the last decade, there has been considerable research activity in the field of photon-counting CT, in terms of both hardware development and theoretical understanding of the factors affecting image quality. In this article, we review the recent progress in this field with the intent of highlighting the relationship between detector design considerations and the resulting image quality. We discuss detector design choices such as converter material, pixel size, and readout electronics design, and then elucidate their impact on detector performance in terms of dose efficiency, spatial resolution, and energy resolution. Furthermore, we give an overview of data processing, reconstruction methods and metrics of imaging performance; outline clinical applications; and discuss potential future developments.
|
|
| 2. |
- McGinn, Steven, et al.
(författare)
-
New Technologies for DNA analysis-A review of the READNA Project.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: New Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-4347 .- 1871-6784.
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The REvolutionary Approaches and Devices for Nucleic Acid analysis (READNA) project received funding from the European Commission for 4 1/2 years. The objectives of the project revolved around technological developments in nucleic acid analysis. The project partners have discovered, created and developed a huge body of insights into nucleic acid analysis, ranging from improvements and implementation of current technologies to the most promising sequencing technologies that constitute a 3(rd) and 4(th) generation of sequencing methods with nanopores and in situ sequencing, respectively.
|
|
| 3. |
- Jansson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Terrestrial carbon and intraspecific size-variation shape lake ecosystems
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 22:6, s. 316-322
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conceptual models of lake ecosystem structure and function have generally assumed that energy in pelagic systems is derived from in situ photosynthesis and that its use by higher trophic levels depends on the average properties of individuals in consumer populations. These views are challenged by evidence that allochthonous subsidies of organic carbon greatly influence energy mobilization and transfer and the trophic structure of pelagic food webs, and that size variation within consumer species has major ramifications for lake community dynamics and structure. These discoveries represent conceptual shifts that have yet to be integrated into current views on lake ecosystems. Here, we assess key aspects of energy mobilization and size-structured community dynamics, and show how these processes are intertwined in pelagic food webs.
|
|
| 4. |
- Onerup, Aron, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
Physical activity on prescription in accordance with the Swedish model increases physical activity: a systematic review.
- 2019
-
Ingår i: British journal of sports medicine. - : BMJ. - 1473-0480 .- 0306-3674. ; 53:6, s. 383-388
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the effects of the core elements of the Swedish model for physical activity on prescription (PAP) by evaluating studies that compared adults who received PAP with adults who did not receive PAP. All participants were adults identified by a healthcare professional as in need of increased physical activity. Primary outcome was level of physical activity.Systematic review. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: (1) Published 1999. (2) Systematic review, randomised controlled trial (RCT), non-RCT or case series (for adverse events). (3) ≥12 weeks' follow-up. (4) Performed in the Nordic countries. (5) Presented in English, Swedish, Norwegian or Danish.Systematic searches in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, AMED, CINAHL and SweMed+ in September 2017. Included articles were evaluated using checklists to determine risk of bias.Nine relevant articles were included: seven RCTs, one cohort study and one case series.Primary outcome was reported in seven articles from six studies (five RCTs, one cohort study, 642 participants). Positive results were reported from three of the five RCTs and from the cohort study. No study reported any negative results. Swedish PAP probably results in an increased level of physical activity (GRADE⊕⊕⊕Ο).Although the number of the reviewed articles was relatively modest, this systematic review shows that PAP in accordance with the Swedish model probably increases the level of physical activity. As a model for exercise prescription, Swedish PAP may be considered as part of regular healthcare to increase physical activity in patients.
|
|
| 5. |
- Palme, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
-
SICK PAY INSURANCE AND SICKNESS ABSENCE : SOME EUROPEAN CROSS-COUNTRY OBSERVATIONS AND A REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Economic Surveys. - : Wiley. - 0950-0804 .- 1467-6419. ; 34:1, s. 85-108
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- All European countries have some form of compulsory insurance against the loss of income due to temporary disability. The insurance schemes vary widely between countries both in terms of measurable entities (such as the compensation level) as well as in unmeasurable traits concerning the actual implementation of the programs. In this paper we use European Labour Force Survey data to study how the measurable differences in the programs is associated with differences in absence rates. We also summarize the theoretical literature on insurance principles in this field. Based on the empirical literature we then discuss how different forms of incentives may affect the work absence rate.
|
|
| 6. |
- Wolgast, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
The gel hypothesis applied to the rat renal capillary membranes - a review
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 202:4, s. 617-628
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the gel model for the glomerular (and peritubular) capillary membrane, the integrity of the membrane is supposed to result from the fluid reabsorption induced by the osmotic action of the counter-ions attracted to negative fixed charges, increasing the gel pressure such that it becomes the same as in the capillaries. From this point on, the gel will be unaffected by the high capillary pressure. The same fluid reabsorption will also suspend the fibrils in the matrix such that they form a series of grids composed of, for example, horizontal fibrils spaced similarly from one another. The model thereby explains the well-known phenomenon of a uniform 'pore' size, although slits rather than pores constitute the transport routes. The model also explains the fact that the plasma proteins are free to move in the membrane matrix, which is the consequence of a recent finding that a major restriction to albumin is offered by a unique protein, nephrin, located between the podocytes in Bowman's space cells. A large molecule, which may become trapped in a slit between two fibrils, will thus push out the positive counter-ions whereby the charges become free and hence repel one another, widening the slit such that the molecule is free to move in any direction. It is furthermore concluded that the restriction to proteins is also dependent on the width of the slits closest to plasma.
|
|
