| 1. |
- Uvnäs-Moberg, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Sensory Stimulation and Oxytocin : Their Roles in Social Interaction and Health Promotion
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this call was to collect papers describing how oxytocin may be released by different kinds of sensory stimulation to induce wellbeing and restorative processes and to inhibit pain, stress and inflammation. A large number of interesting articles of very high quality were received and 19 papers were accepted for publication. All the included articles have contributed to expand the knowledge about oxytocin in a very substantial way both regarding its effect spectrum and regarding its association with sensory, somatosensory stimulation, in particular. In fact, the obtained data contribute to prove the hypothesis that the oxytocinergic system is a widespread integrative system, which is linked to social interaction, wellbeing, reduction of stress and pain as well as to reproductive, growth promoting and restorative effects. The activity of this archaic oxytocin system is under control of hormones and sensory nerves, which convey information regarding the state of the internal and the external environment. The oxytocin linked effects may be induced in the short-term as well as in the long-term perspective. All of the articles which were accepted and included in this issue, in their own unique way, contribute to describe oxytocin beyond its classical role in birth and milk ejection in accordance with the concept described above. We describe and discuss the data after having categorized the results presented in the articles according to certain subjects.
|
|
| 2. |
- Nyberg, Eva, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish teachers’ and teacher students’ attitudes towards nature and environment – A survey of attitudes related to ecosystem services
- 2014
-
Ingår i: NERA 2014 (Nordic Educational Research Association, 42nd Congress – Education for Sustainable Development), Lillehammer, Norway, 5-7 March, 2014.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim with the paper is to explore Swedish teachers’ and teacher students’ attitudes to nature and environment, related to ecosystem services and to problematize this concept in relation to sustainability. The concept of ecosystem services is a well known concept within environmental work both nationally and internationally (e.g. Constanza et al, 1997). Since 2011 it has also become an issue in the Swedish curriculum for science teaching in compulsory school and upper secondary school, as a way to deal with and develop students' understanding of and respect for nature. Teaching about ecosystem services is in this context, according to the Swedish Board of Education, meant to be one way to provide students with knowledge about nature, the environment and sustainable development. It is therefore of interest to study the attitudes teachers and becoming teachers hold concerning nature and also whether their attitudes reflect a holistic concern for nature, an utilitarian view, or both. Environmental attitudes are often categorized as being either ecocentric or anthropocentric and Munoz, Bogner, Clement and Carvalo (2009), use this categorization in their analysis of teachers’ conceptions of nature and environment. Bonnet (2002), however, argues that a sense of sustainability can be developed which is neither anthropocentric nor ecocentric. The data consists of results from a survey by way of a questionnaire containing 175 questions. The questionnaire was originally constructed within a European project called Biohead-Citizen project (Castéra & Clément, 2012), but was complemented with a number of questions used only in Sweden. This paper is based on 15 of the original questions and two of the questions specifically constructed for Sweden. The sample is in total 377 individuals, and drawn from both in-service teachers and teacher students. Preliminary analysis indicate that the teachers and the teacher students as a group have a rather ecocentric view. Further analysis will be made in order to investigate possible differences between the different categories of teachers and teacher students respectively. The authors conclude with a reflection and problematization regarding the concept of ecosystem services in relation to Education for Sustainable Development.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Nivestam, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Give older persons a voice in the society : By using information compiled during preventive home visits on a societal level
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:14, s. 1-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preventive home visits (PHVs) are offered to older persons with the purpose of promoting health and preventing risks on an individual level. However, aspects of health need to be considered on a societal level as well. This study aims to get a deeper understanding of perceptions of the usability of the information compiled during the PHVs to promote health, among older persons, on a societal level. Three online focus groups were conducted with heads of unit of PHVs, heads of department, and politicians responsible for health and welfare in seven municipalities in Sweden (n = 12). The findings were visualised in the core category Enable an inclusive society and the interrelated categories Monitoring determinants of health and Enabling exchange of information. The information from the PHVs could be used to monitor determinants of health by identifying assets, challenges, shifts, trends, and future needs in the society. Moreover, exchange of information from the PHVs could occur within and outside the health and welfare organisation. However, the potential use was affected by hindrances illustrated in the category Obstacles to interpreting and communicating the information. To conclude, using the information from the PHVs could possibly contribute to an inclusive society, where persons not usually represented in decision making are given a voice.
|
|
| 5. |
- Petersson, Maria
(författare)
-
Lärares beskrivningar av evolution som undervisningsinnehåll i biologi på gymnasiet
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biological evolution is part of the syllabi for Biology and Science in Swedish upper secondary school. In the syllabi, evolution is not only presented as a topic in Biology courses, but is also regarded as a unifying theme. The teacher has a fundamental role in deciding how the national curriculum is translated into the educational situation. This thesis investigates teachers’ accounts of their teaching of evolution in Swedish upper secondary school, describing their understandings of the purpose of teaching and learning evolution as part of biology education.The thesis is based on interviews of teachers teaching the course Biology A, which is compulsory as dictated by the Natural Science Program. The interviews were supplemented with questionnaires. The interviews were orientated towards questions about selection of course content and the reasons for choosing this content. The interviews were focused on teachers experiences based on their own practice. Two aspects of content were examined: (1) the scientific content taught in terms of themes and (2) the socializing value-laden aspects, such as priorities taken by the teachers and the teachers´ overarching aims. The results showed that teachers described different teaching contents with regard to values, even when the core content of themes was similar. Four different selective traditions for choosing content were identified among teachers. The results are discussed in relation to the context and conditions that the teachers identify as influential on the content chosen. Teachers’ interactions with their students as well as their world views are important for their selection and adjustment of content. There are also indications that teachers’ personal views about purposes are important for selecting the teaching content.
|
|
| 6. |
- Wolmesjö, Maria
(författare)
-
Ledningsfunktion i omvandling : Om förändringar av yrkesrollen för första linjens chefer inom den kommunala äldre- och handikappomsorgen
- 2005
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the 1990s many of the local authorities have been forced to reduce expenditure on the care of the elderly and people with disabilities, and many organisational changes have been carried out. New problems and their solutions are often related to leadership and management. This dissertation deals with three trends in the development of the organisation: The first trend is a market orientation, one example of which is the attempt to increase effectiveness and efficiency by utilising a purchaser/provider model in the organisation. Here the needs assessment model is studied. The second trend is the response to the pressed situation due to heavy workloads that staff members and their managers express, exemplified by self-managing work teams and a year-based working hour system. Here called flexible work organisations. The third trend focused in this dissertation is the decentralisation of social services. It is connected to increased demands on involvement in, and participation from those who use the services, i.e. the elderly and people with disabilities. The aim of this dissertation is to shed light on how politicians and managers view, experience and describe management and leadership in three types of local authority organisations. The focus is on the demands on managers and how the working conditions for managers are described in the different organisations. The material includes three different empirical methods. The first is a questionnaire to politicians and local authority officials, mainly managers at different levels in the care of the elderly and persons with disabilities. The second method consists of qualitative interviews with politicians and managers. The third method involved a document study of local authority documents, e.g. official guidelines, plans and evaluations. The method of analysis, a ?qualified content analysis? is inspired by discourse analysis and focuses on a comparison between the different local authorities, between politicians and managers and between women and men. This dissertation shows that the organisational changes brought about unexpected consequenses for management and that the demands differ between politicians and managers and between different organisations. Politicians and higher-level management expect the managers to manage the organisation, and employees expect them to lead. The solution seems to be a high level of competence, but which competence is needed? There are two different ideals for leadership. One is associated with focus on effectiveness and efficiency and the other associated with focus on communication. The dissertation highlights the conditions of a management, which is currently being pushed further down in the organisation. The dilemma of leadership ? being a manager or a leader will not disappear. Somewhere in the organisation the perspective of effectiveness and efficiency and the perspective of communication have to meet. It might be seen as a dilemma that will not go away ? only be placed in different levels in the organisation.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Kivi, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Experiences and attitudes of primary care therapists in the implementation and use of internet-based treatment in Swedish primary care settings
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-7829. ; 2:3, s. 248-256
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Background: The current knowledge of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) implemented in primary care settings is sparse. Our objective was to explore primary care therapists' experiences and attitudes of ICBT, the opportunities and conditions for research in primary care, and to identify potential barriers to the implementation of ICBT treatment in primary care. Methods: Eleven therapists (of 14) participating in the research and implementation project PRIM-NET completed a survey. Four of them were selected also for a detailed semi-structured interview. Data from the interviews were analyzed qualitatively and according to methods used in implementation science. Results: Six general themes were identified in which the therapists considered ICBT as a good treatment that ought to be introduced in primary care. To optimize procedure in primary care settings, several adaptations of ICBT were suggested. Integrating and blending ICBT and face-to-face therapies, for example, would render primary care psychology more efficient. The PRIM-NET study and research within primary care was seen as rewarding and necessary, but challenging. To a large extent primary care still revolves around the general practitioner, with a focus on production, finances, and a somatic aspect of the patients. Five possible barriers to implementation of ICBT were identified which perhaps explains why psychological procedures are not fully integrated into primary care. Conclusions: Although the implementation of new methods and routines is typically accompanied by challenges, the overall experience of the therapists supports the implementation of ICBT as an additional treatment in primary care.
|
|
| 9. |
- Kivi, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Internet-Based Therapy for Mild to Moderate Depression in Swedish Primary Care: Short Term Results from the PRIM-NET Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1650-6073 .- 1651-2316. ; 43:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression presents a serious condition for the individual and a major challenge to health care and society. Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) is a treatment option supported in several trials, but there is as yet a lack of effective studies of ICBT in “real world” primary care settings. We examined whether ICBT differed from treatment-as-usual (TAU) in reducing depressive symptoms after 3 months. TAU comprised of visits to general practitioner, registered nurse, antidepressant drugs, waiting list for, or psychotherapy, or combinations of these alternatives. Patients, aged $18 years, who tentatively met criteria for mild to moderate depression at 16 primary care centers in the south-western region of Sweden were recruited and then assessed in a diagnostic interview. A total of 90 patients were randomized to either TAU or ICBT. The ICBT treatment included interactive elements online, a workbook, a CD with mindfulness and acceptance exercises, and minimal therapist contact. The treatment period lasted for 12 weeks after which both groups were assessed. The main outcome measure was Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Additional measures were Montgomery A ° sberg Depression Rating Scale – self rating version (MADRS-S) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The analyses revealed no significant difference between the two groups at post treatment, neither on BDI-II, MADRS-S, nor BAI. Twenty patients (56%) in the ICBT treatment completed all seven modules. Our findings suggest that ICBT may be successfully delivered in primary care and that the effectiveness, after 3 months, is at par with TAU.
|
|
| 10. |
- Kivi, Marie, et al.
(författare)
-
Internet therapy for Depression in Primary Care – a Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 13th European Congress of Psychology.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study aims to investigate whether Cognitive Behavior Internet therapy (iCBT) for depression is as effective as usual treatment in primary care (PC) settings. Previous research shows good efficacy for iCBT for depression. It might also be a way to cost-efficiently offer evidence based psychological treatment to more patients, given the substantial shortage of trained CBT-therapists in PC. So far, few studies are conducted with a focus on the effectiveness in PC-settings. We identified patients with mild to moderate depression at PC Centers in the Västra Götaland region. They were randomly assigned to either Internet therapy (iCBT) or to treatment as usual (TAU). Before inclusion a structured interview was performed by a psychologist/¬psychotherapist. At present, 75 patients are included. The iCBT encompasses a 12-week access to a Behavioral Activation treatment program on the internet, a workbook, support by the evaluating psychologist/psychotherapist via 3 telephone calls (week 1, 4-5 and 8-12), and weekly contact via secure e-mail. More intense telephone and e mail contacts are available when needed. The main outcome is measured by BDI-II. Preliminary findings show that iCBT is at least as effective as TAU also in PC-settings. Data from the 3- and 6-month follow-ups will be available in June 2013.
|
|
