| 1. |
- Bendix, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin and glucagon in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in suicide attempters and healthy controls
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 81, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental disorders and related behaviors such as suicidality and violence have been associated to dysregulation of e g carbohydrate metabolism. We hypothesized that patients after suicide attempt, compared to healthy controls, would have higher insulin and lower glucagon levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and that these changes would be associated to violent behavior. Twenty-eight medication-free patients (10 women, 18 men), hospitalized after suicide attempt, and 19 healthy controls (7 women, 12 men) were recruited with the aim to study risk factors for suicidal behavior. Psychological/psychiatric assessment was performed with SCID I and II or the SCID interview for healthy volunteers respectively, the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) for assessment of lifetime violence expression behavior, the Montgomery-Asberg-Depression-Scale (MADRS) and the Comprehensive Psychological Rating Scale (CPRS) for symptomatic assessment of depression and appetite. Fasting levels of insulin and glucagon were measured in plasma (P) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Suicide attempters had higher insulin- and lower glucagon-levels in plasma- and CSF compared to controls. Except for P-glucagon these associations remained significant after adjusting for age and/or BMI. Patients reported significantly more expressed interpersonal violence compared to healthy volunteers. Expressed violence was significantly positively correlated with P- and CSF-insulin and showed a significant negative correlation with P-glucagon in study participants. These findings confirm and extend prior reports that higher insulin and lower glucagon levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid are associated with suicidal behavior pointing towards a potential autonomic dysregulation in the control of insulin and glucagon secretion in suicidal patients.
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| 2. |
- Bondesson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of healthcare and prescription medicines after non-pharmacological interventions for depression - A 3-year register follow-up of an RCT in primary care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is a common, recurrent disorder. There is a need for readily available treatments with few negative side effects, that demands little resources and that are effective both in the short- and long term. Our aim was to investigate the long-term effectiveness of two different interventions; physical exercise and internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (internet-CBT), compared to usual care in patients with mild to moderate depression in a Swedish primary care setting. We performed a register-based 3-year follow-up study of participants in the randomized controlled trial REGASSA (n = 940) using healthcare utilization and dispensed medicines as outcomes. We found no difference between the three groups regarding proportion of participants consulting healthcare due to mental illness or pain during follow-up. Regarding number of consultations, there was no difference between the groups, except for consultations related to pain. For this outcome both treatment arms had significantly fewer consultations compared to usual care, during year 2-3, the risk ratio (RR) for physical exercise and internet-CBT was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.43-0.95) and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.41-0.90), respectively. A significantly lower proportion of patients in both treatment arms were dispensed hypnotics and sedatives year 2-3 compared to the usual care arm, RR for both physical exercise and internet-CBT was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.53-0.98). No other differences between the groups were found. In conclusion, considering long-term effects, both physical exercise and internet-CBT, being resource-efficient treatments, could be considered as appropriate additions for patients with mild to moderate depression in primary care settings.
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| 3. |
- Ibrahim, Muhammad Asim, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical environmental hazards associated with the Swedish death care industry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, the perceptions of Swedish funeral directors were elicited on physical environmental hazards associated with the five life stages of handling cadavers through interviews and questionnaires (The data was collected from 78 respondents across Sweden). We conclude that although the workers in the Swedish funeral industry are at high risk of developing health problems caused by exposure to various chemicals (e.g., formaldehyde ((FA)) based embalming fluids, heavy metals, pesticides, pathogens, insecticides, and fungicides) and the industry itself contaminating air, soil and groundwater, the health and environmental hazards are perceived low by the funeral directors. In the study, funeral homes are classified into four distinguished groups: (a) environmentally ardent and the epitome of sustainability-(G-1) (21 %); (b) environmental- and customer-oriented-(G-2) (64 %); (c) environmentally apathetic and customer-oriented-(G-3) (6 %); and (d) environmentally unconscious-(G-4) (8 %). Results show that most funeral directors under the G-1 & G-2 (32 out of 43) are acquainted with generational environmental goals (GGs) set by the Swedish government and are aware of the choices that promote environmental wellbeing. On the other hand, G-4 is not acquainted with GGs and comprises only small funeral homes (<10 employees). Poor safety culture, traditions, and prioritising economic returns hinder making environmentally sustainable funeral industry choices. The article provides a better understanding of the Swedish funeral industry and suggests appropriate short- and long-term strategies that could curtail the associated physical environmental hazards of the industry.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Khan, Imran, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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MRI scanner vibration path analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: 20th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2013 (ICSV 20). - : Curran Associates, Inc.. - 9781629931500 ; , s. 3560-3567
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner is one of the most important tools in clinical diagnostics. MRI scanners are associated by strong vibration which results in unpleasant and disturbing acoustic noise. The primary source of this vibration is the Lorentz force produced by fast switching of the currents inside the gradient coils of MRI scanners under a strong static magnetic field. During an MR-imaging scan the switching is controlled in order to spatially code the hydrogen nuclei that will generate the signal, which is reconstructed into anatomical images. Faster switching of the currents allows for shorter scan times and/or higher image resolutions. Consequently, the clinical quality has motivated the drive for shorter switching time and higher currents. This development, however, has also caused an undesired increase of MRI vibrations. The overall vibration phenomenon of an installed fully functional MRI scanner system becomes unique because of the installed location and ambiance. This vibration can potentially degrade the image quality and hence the diagnosis. Apart from the vibration produced, the associated annoying acoustic noise may not only affect the patients under examination and the clinical staff, but may also be transmitted to other parts of the building and causing discomfort for the personnel working there. In order to devise an effective isolation plan or improve an existing one both for vibration and acoustic noise it is important to study the noise and vibration transfer paths. This paper concerns an investigation of vibration transfer paths for vibration excited by an installed functional MRI scanner at a medical facility. The vibration transfer paths have been investigated experimentally. The obtained results are presented and discussed.
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| 6. |
- Koldestam, Maria, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Model for Improvements in Learning Outcomes (MILO) : Development of a conceptual model grounded in caritative caring aimed to facilitate undergraduate nursing students’ learning during clinical practice (Part 1)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nurse Education in Practice. - : Elsevier. - 1471-5953 .- 1873-5223. ; 55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim was to describe the development of a caritative caring conceptual model aimed to facilitate undergraduate nursing students’ learning during clinical practice. Design: An explorative design was used.Methods: The Delphi method with a panel of 12 experts together with a literature search with a systematic approach were used and data were analysed according to content analysis.Results: The Model for Improvements in Learning Outcomes (MILO) consists of eight core concepts divided into four intrapersonal concepts (nursing, a reflective approach, a critical approach, quality and safety) and four contextual concepts (peer learning, co-clinical teachers, student-centred and student-active supervision, a good learning environment). MILO is grounded in the theory of caritative caring with a hermeneutic approach and the understanding of caring and learning as parallel processes. Tools such as reflection, structure and guiding pm are used to intertwine caring, nursing, pathophysiology and medicine.Conclusions: MILO intertwines didactics with concepts important for nursing students’ learning with a foundation in caritative caring and may facilitate undergraduate nursing students’ learning in clinical practice.
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| 7. |
- Nordstedt, Maria
(författare)
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Konsten att göra (sprut)utbyten : Sprutbytets betydelse i skärningspunkten mellan politik, yrkespraktik och människors vardagsliv
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Art of Needle Exchange: The Significance of Needle Exchange Programs at the Intersection of Politics, Professional Practice, and People's Everyday LivesThis doctoral thesis discusses how social meanings are constructed in needle exchange programs. For nearly four decades, Sweden has implemented needle exchange programs to prevent the spread of bloodborne viral infections. However, a restrictive drug policy and resistance to harm reduction efforts have led to limitations in access to these programs, both in terms of geography and through an exclusionary regulatory framework. The effectiveness of needle exchange programs in reducing the risk of infection associated with injection-related behaviour is clearly positive. However, there are limited scientific studies on the more socially oriented meanings of needle exchange programs. With needle exchange programs as a physical and social place, the overarching aim of this thesis is to understand how the creation of social meanings of needle exchanges is achieved through time, space, and social interaction, primarily between the program's visitors and its staff. The empirical material primarily consists of 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork, including participant observations and informal conversations at two needle exchange programs in southern Sweden, as well as in the everyday lives of individuals who visit these programs. Through extensive ethnographic narratives and analyses based on theories of everyday life, resistance, time, and gifts, the thesis demonstrates that needle exchange programs hold multiple meanings created through interactions between visitors and staff. Two concurrent and parallel tracks contribute to understanding what needle exchange programs mean to those who visit them. One track starts with a counterproductive regulatory framework where requirements and rules result in some visitors coming less often than they need to or not at all. The other track involves countless material and relational exchanges that foster positive experiences of the needle exchange program, turning it into a place of social hope and a changed future. One of the thesis's most significant findings concerns the social work that takes place at the needle exchange program in the interactions between visitors and staff. These interactions also occur at the intersection of the norms and hierarchies of the drug world and the Swedish dream of a drug- free society. In the waiting room of the needle exchange program, negotiations are constantly underway to maintain it as a place of hopeful encounters, as opposed to a destructive refuge.
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| 8. |
- Petersson, Bodil, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Heritage as Practice : Approaching the Past through the Present at the Intersection of Art and Archaeology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Internet Archaeology. - York : University of York. - 1363-5387. ; :55, s. 1-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This text presents the emerging transdisciplinary practice of Experimental Heritage as performed within an ongoing Irish-Swedish research project involving artists and archaeologists. The project is situated simultaneously in western Ireland and south-eastern Sweden. It explores the chosen Irish and Swedish landscapes of Clare and Öland, their similarities and differences, with the aid of combined and integrated artistic and archaeological practices. The starting points for common explorations are: stone and water, movement and time/the multitemporal, and the tangible and intangible aspects of landscape experience. In a transdisciplinary process we explore new ways of combining art, archaeology and heritage within and between these landscapes.One path towards fulfilling the strivings is to explore art, archaeology and heritage through the senses. A phenomenological landscape perspective and an eco-cultural approach is combined with Performance Studies and movement-based practice. These perspectives and methodologies are paired with artistic and archaeological approaches to research such as those conducted through poetry, music, performance, visual arts, physical surveys, mapping and excavations.Methods of working have developed from walking in the landscape to sketching, through visuals, sound and movement, group dialogue, team building and exploring the materiality of making. Group movement-based workshops are used to support receptivity and inner listening for decision making through somatic principles and the senses. The project encourages transdisciplinary as well as translocal practice to arrive at new approaches and perspectives on how the past matters to us in the present and how it might have an impact on the future.To achieve true both transdisciplinary and translocal ways of working through art and archaeology/heritage, we need to expand beyond conventional art and archaeology/heritage research, communication and presentation within the well-known framework of universities, cultural history museums and art institutions. The constraints of these conventions are substituted by alternative settings in the landscape. This landscape-based practice includes method development across disciplines, times and geographic distances. It also includes collaborations with people from local communities that can contribute to the explorations with their perspectives, experiences and stories.The advantage of Experimental Heritage as practice in the landscape is its ability to challenge our current worldview to better understand other times and cultures as well as our own. This in turn provides us with new tools to create alternative futures resting on care and respect for the need for diversity and breaking with boundaries set up between nature and culture as well as hierarchies of central and peripheral. We intend to find out more about the multitemporal layers in the landscapes surrounding us and how they relate to our inner landscapes of multitemporal perception. The combination and equal roles of artists and archaeologists as well as the contributions of researchers, and members of the local communities in this work is crucial. Equality and diversity encourage transdisciplinary knowledge development.
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| 9. |
- Qvarfordt, Maria, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Web-based education of the elderly improves drug utilization literacy : a randomized controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: Health Informatics Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1460-4582 .- 1741-2811. ; 27:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore the effects of web-based education in the field of drug utilization on elderly individuals’ knowledge of, concerns about and self-assessed understanding of drug utilization. The 260 included participants were randomized to a control group or an intervention group. To assess drug utilization literacy, we used a questionnaire containing 20 multiple-choice questions on drug utilization and ten statements about drug utilization (to which participants graded their response using a Likert scale: two about common concerns and eight about their self-assessed understanding of drug utilization). The Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-General was also used. The intervention group scored higher on the knowledge questions (p < 0.001) and on six of the eight statements about self-assessed understanding of drug utilization at the first check after 2 weeks (p < 0.05). At a second check 6 months later, the difference remained for the knowledge questions, but there was no difference in self-assessed understanding of drug utilization between the groups. There were no differences in the concerns about drug utilization or beliefs about medication at any time. We conclude that a web-based education can improve drug utilization literacy in elderly individuals and might contribute to the safer use of medications.
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| 10. |
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