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- Andersén, Annelie, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Yrkesämnesdidaktik på universitet : Mål, innehåll, arbetssätt och examination
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Vocational Education and Training. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 2242-458X. ; 8:3, s. 98-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to investigate learning goals, content, working methods and examinations in the vocational didactic sections of the vocational teacher education programme. In a case study, a total of forty study guides from one vocational teacher education programme have been analysed in order to answer what central content is highlighted, how the goals are examined, and what course literature is used in vocational subject didactics in a selected vocational teacher education programme at a Swedish university. The aim of the analysis, based on Hiim’s (2010) model, is to find both clearly expressed and more latent elements. The results answer questions on what the subject didactics contain in three different courses. Vocational teacher educators plan their teaching with regard to the goals of vocational subject didactics, but the interpretation of goals varies among different educators and within different vocational subjects. The result also gives some indications of what could be general differences and similarities within and between different didactics teacher groups and/or vocational subjects. The analysis of the study guides also shows that educational background and the form of employment of educators seem to be of importance.
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- Asghari, Hamid, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Att vara lärare för lärare : Ämnesdidaktiska syften i utbildning till yrkeslärare och ämneslärare
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pedagogiska utvecklingsprojekt vid Karlstads universitet. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 9789178670727 - 9789178670826 ; , s. 11-36
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under 2018 genomförs ett pilotprojekt med medel från lärarutbildningsnämnden (LUN) kring hur didaktiklärarna i den korta lärarutbildningen (KUB) ser på sitt uppdrag. Frågan är viktig att belysa då didaktik utgör en stor del av lärarutbildningen. Dessutom behöver didaktikerna, utifrån de nationella examensmålen för utbildningen, bedöma vilken kunskap som undervisningen skall förmedla, hur, när och varför den ska undervisas samt att vara medvetna om samspelet mellan undervisning, lärande och resultat (jfr Bengtsson & Kroksmark, 1994; Dahlgren, 1990). I det sammanhanget blir det viktigt att undersöka hur yrkesdidaktikerna ser på sitt uppdrag och vilka kvalitéer i lärares kompetens de månar om. Inom KUB är ämnesdidaktiken insprängd i den utbildningsvetenskapliga kärnans kurser (UK-kurserna). Studenterna är här indelade i olika (yrkes-)ämnes-didaktikgrupper beroende på ämnesinriktning. I samma kurs kan det finnas upp mot 25 olika didaktikgrupper. Sammanlagt fanns inom KUB läsåret 17/18 drygt 40 verksamma didaktiker med olika bakgrund (lektorer, adjunkter och gymnasielärare). Vid kursledarmöten, KUB-konferenser och kursvärderingar har det framkommit att det ser väldigt olika ut i samma kurs avseende vad den didaktiska delen innehåller och hur den examineras. I projektet undersöks genom textanalyser (jfr Boréus & Bergström, 2005) hur kursmålen inom didaktiken examineras och vilket innehåll som lyfts fram i samtliga 90 studiehandledningar som berör yrkesämnes och ämnesdidaktik inom YRK och KPU ht 2017. Resultaten pekar på att didaktikernas syn på sitt uppdrag skiljer sig beroende på deras utbildningsbakgrund och anställningsform. Didaktiker med forskarexamen bygger i större utsträckning sina uppgifter på forskning, har en mer vetenskaplig tolkning av lärandemålen, examinerar studenterna utifrån sin vetenskapliga tolkning av lärandemålen och använder sig utav forskningsartiklar och doktorsavhandlingar i litteraturlistan än didaktiker som inte har forskarutbildning. Didaktiker som några gånger per termin kommer från gymnasieskolor till universitet och undervisar yrkeslärarstudenter konstruerar sina uppgifter och examinerar sina studenter baserad på ”den undervisningsverklighet” studenterna kommer att möta i sina framtida yrken som yrkeslärare. De använder också oftare än didaktiker med forskarexamen texter från sina branschorganisationer i litteraturlistan.
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| 6. |
- Bendix, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin and glucagon in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in suicide attempters and healthy controls
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 81, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental disorders and related behaviors such as suicidality and violence have been associated to dysregulation of e g carbohydrate metabolism. We hypothesized that patients after suicide attempt, compared to healthy controls, would have higher insulin and lower glucagon levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and that these changes would be associated to violent behavior. Twenty-eight medication-free patients (10 women, 18 men), hospitalized after suicide attempt, and 19 healthy controls (7 women, 12 men) were recruited with the aim to study risk factors for suicidal behavior. Psychological/psychiatric assessment was performed with SCID I and II or the SCID interview for healthy volunteers respectively, the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) for assessment of lifetime violence expression behavior, the Montgomery-Asberg-Depression-Scale (MADRS) and the Comprehensive Psychological Rating Scale (CPRS) for symptomatic assessment of depression and appetite. Fasting levels of insulin and glucagon were measured in plasma (P) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Suicide attempters had higher insulin- and lower glucagon-levels in plasma- and CSF compared to controls. Except for P-glucagon these associations remained significant after adjusting for age and/or BMI. Patients reported significantly more expressed interpersonal violence compared to healthy volunteers. Expressed violence was significantly positively correlated with P- and CSF-insulin and showed a significant negative correlation with P-glucagon in study participants. These findings confirm and extend prior reports that higher insulin and lower glucagon levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid are associated with suicidal behavior pointing towards a potential autonomic dysregulation in the control of insulin and glucagon secretion in suicidal patients.
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| 7. |
- Bendix, Marie, 1971-
(författare)
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Neuroendocrine studies in patients with affective disorders
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Affective disorders are common and a major cause for increased disability and mortality worldwide. Exogenous stressors and biological variables, including neuroendocrine factors, are assumed to contribute to an increased vulnerability to mood dysregulation. Affective disorders are highly heterogeneous and different neuroendocrine systems may play differential roles in the phenotypic expression of affective disorders in men and women.Aims: The overall aim of this thesis was to study three neuroendocrine systems in relation to underlying behavioral endophenotypes (personality traits, self-directed and interpersonal violence, and psychiatric symptoms) in patients with affective disorders.Methods: In Study I oxytocin plasma levels were assessed in 101 general psychiatric outpatients and followed-up in 36 patients after one month. Patients underwent diagnostic, symptomatic, and personality trait assessments.In Study II insulin and glucagon levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were assessed in 28 patients hospitalized after a recent suicide attempt and 19 healthy controls. Study persons were assessed regarding lifetime violence expression, psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms.In Study III serum levels of allopregnanolone, progesterone and estradiol were assessed in 14 women with severe postpartum depression and psychosis who, as previously reported, responded with rapid symptom remission during sublingual estradiol treatment. Hormonal and symptomatic assessment were performed before and after 4 weeks of estradiol treatment. 28 healthy postpartum controls were included for baseline comparison.Results: I) Plasma oxytocin levels were positively associated with personality traits of impulsiveness (monotony avoidance) and negative emotionality (psychic anxiety) with potential gender differences.II) Patients after suicide attempt had higher insulin (plasma and CSF) and lower glucagon levels (CSF) than healthy controls. Insulin levels (plasma and CSF) were higher and glucagon levels (plasma) were lower in patients and controls with higher levels of prior violence expression.III) Serum allopregnanolone decreased in women with postpartum depression and psychosis during estradiol treatment. The ratio between allopregnanolone and progesterone was significantly lower in patients than in healthy controls at baseline and it remained unchanged after symptom remission.Conclusion: Behavioral endophenotypes, rather than categorical diagnoses, of affective disorders were associated with neuroendocrine variation in three different cohorts of patients with affective disorder. Hormonal variation pointed towards an association with trait, rather than state like facets of affective behavior, constituting potential vulnerability markers for affective dysregulation.
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| 8. |
- Bendix, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma oxytocin and personality traits in psychiatric outpatients
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 57, s. 102-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxytocin system is regarded as being of relevance for social interaction. In spite of this, very few studies have investigated the relationship between oxytocin and personality traits in clinical psychiatric populations. We assessed the relationship between personality traits and plasma oxytocin levels in a population of 101 medication-free psychiatric outpatients (men = 37, women = 64). We used the Karolinska Scale of Personality (KSP) and diagnostic and symptomatic testing. Plasma oxytocin levels were analysed with a specific radioimmunoassay at inclusion and after one month for testing of stability. Plasma oxytocin levels were stable over time and did not differ between patients with or without personality disorders, nor were they related to severity of depressive or anxiety symptoms. The KSP factors Impulsiveness and Negative Emotionality were significant independent predictors of plasma oxytocin. A subscale analysis of these personality factors showed significant positive correlations between baseline plasma oxytocin and the KSP subscales monotony avoidance and psychic anxiety. The significant association between the KSP factor Impulsiveness and oxytocin levels observed at baseline was observed also one month later in men. These findings suggest that personality traits such as Impulsiveness and Negative emotionality which are linked to social functioning in several psychiatric disorders seem to be associated with endogenous plasma oxytocin levels. These variations in oxytocin levels might have an impact on social sensitivity or social motivation with possible gender differences.
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| 10. |
- Friberg, Febe, et al.
(författare)
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Context and Methodological Decontextualisation in Nursing Research with Examples from Phenomenography
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 14:1, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In both human science and nursing research the concept of context is important. However, context can be understood in different ways. The aim of this article is to elucidate, discuss and problematize context, decontextualization and recontextualization in some health care-related phenomenographical studies. A further aim is to problematize the concet of context in a wider perspective of human complex ohenomena which characterize nursing research demand a broad contextual understanding. Both the local or immediate experiences of the phenomen of interest as well as the socio-cultural discourse. A balance between openness and pliability t the phenomenon is suggested. Reflection is considered an important tool in this process. Within phenomenography, the interest i s directed towards conceptions of certain aspects of the worlds. Thus, context in a wider sense is given a subordinate role. Accordingly, phenomenography is considered to have limited applicability in nursing research when complex phenomena are to be studied.
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