| 1. |
- Bjurman, Christian, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of a multimarker strategy for prediction of mortality in older heart failure patients: a cohort study
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 3:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Primarily to develop a multimarker score for prediction of 3-year mortality in older patients with decompensated heart failure (HF). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Secondary care. Single centre. PATIENTS AND BIOMARKERS: 131 patients, aged >/=65 years, with decompensated HF were included. Assessment of biomarkers was performed at discharge. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: 3-year mortality. RESULTS: Mean age was 73+/-11 years; mean left ventricular ejection fraction , 43+/-14%; 53% were male. The 3-year mortality was 53.4%. The following N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) levels could optimally stratify mortality: <2000 ng/l (n=39), 30.8% mortality; 2000-8000 ng/l (n=58), 51.7% mortality; and >8000 ng/l (n=34), 82.4% mortality. However, in the 2000-8000 ng/l range, NTproBNP levels had low-prognostic capacity, based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC=0.53; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.67). In this group, multivariate analysis identified age, cystatin C (CysC), and troponin T (TnT) levels as independent risk factors. A risk score based on these three risk factors separated a high-risk and low-risk groups within the NTproBNP range of 2000-8000 ng/l. The score exhibited a significantly higher AUC (0.75; 95% CI 0.62 to 0.86) than NTproBNP alone (p=0.03) in this NTproBNP group and had similar prognostic capacity as NTproBNP in patients below or above this NTproBNP range (p=0.57). Net reclassification improvement and integrated discriminatory improvement in the group with NTproBNP levels between 2000 and 8000 ng/l was 54% and 23%, respectively, and in the whole cohort 22% and 11%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that, to assess risk in HF, older patients required significantly higher levels of NTproBNP than younger patients. Furthermore, a risk score that included TnT and CysC at discharge, and age could improve risk stratification for mortality in older patients with HF in particular when NTproBNP was moderately elevated.
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| 2. |
- Bjurman, Christian, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Small changes in Troponin T levels are common in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and are linked to higher mortality
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 62:14, s. 1231-1238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To examine the extent of change in Troponin T levels in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).BACKGROUND:Changes in cardiac troponin levels are required for the diagnosis of NSTEMI, according to the new universal definition of acute myocardial infarction. A relative change of 20-230 % and an absolute change of 7- 9 ng/L have been suggested as cut-off points.METHOD:In a clinical setting, where a change in cTnT was not mandatory for the diagnosis of NSTEMI, serial samples of cTnT were measured with a high-sensitive cTnT (hs-cTnT) assay, and 37 clinical parameters were evaluated in 1178 patients with a final diagnosis of NSTEMI presenting <24h after symptom onset.RESULTS:After six hours of observation, the relative change in the hs-cTnT level remained <20 % in 26 % and the absolute change <9 ng/L in 12 % of the NSTEMI patients. A relative hs-cTnT change <20% was linked to higher long-term mortality across quartiles (p=0.002) and in multivariate analyses (HR 1.61 (1.17-2.21) p=0.004), whereas 30-day mortality was similar across quartiles of relative hs-cTnT changeCONCLUSION:Because stable hs-TnT levels are common in patients with a clinical diagnosis of NSTEMI in our hospital, a small hs-cTnT change may not be useful to exclude NSTEMI, particularly as these patients show both short-term and long-term mortality at least as high as patients with large changes in hs-cTnT.
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| 3. |
- Hammarsten, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Troponin T percentiles from a random population sample, emergency room patients and patients with myocardial infarction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1530-8561 .- 0009-9147. ; 58:3, s. 628-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (cTnT) assays detect small clinically important myocardial infarctions (MI) but also yield higher rates of false-positive results owing to increased concentrations sometimes present in patients without MI. Better understanding is needed of factors influencing the 99th percentile of cTnT concentrations across populations and the frequency of changes in cTnT concentrations >20% often used in combination with increased cTnT concentrations for diagnosis of MI. METHODS: cTnT percentiles were determined by use of the Elecsys® hscTnT immunoassay (Modular® Analytics E170) in a random population sample, in emergency room (ER) patients, and in patients with non–ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI). Changes in cTnT concentrations were determined in hospitalized patients without MI. RESULTS: The 99th cTnT percentile in a random population sample (median age, 65 years) was 24 ng/L. In ER patients <65 years old without obvious conditions that increase cTnT, the 99th cTnT percentile was 12 ng/L with little age dependence, whereas in those >65 years old it was 82 ng/L and highly age dependent. In hospitalized patients without MI the 97.5th percentile for change in the cTnT concentration was 51%–67%. cTnT remained below the 99th percentile (12 ng/L) in 1% of patients with NSTEMI until 8.5 h after symptom onset and 6 h after ER arrival. CONCLUSIONS: Age >65 years was the dominant factor associated with increased cTnT in ER patients. This age association was more prominent in ER patients than in a random population sample. Changes in serial cTnT concentrations >20% were common in hospitalized patients without MI.
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| 4. |
- Holmström, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated multiple marker modality is superior to NT-proBNP alone in prognostic prediction in all-cause mortality in a prospective cohort of elderly heart failure patients
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Geriatric Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-7649. ; 4:6, s. 365-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Identifying the individual mortality risk for elderly heart failure (HF) patients is challenging because of heterogeneity, comorbidity and higher age. To overcome this, an integrated multiple marker modality has been proposed for better prognostic prediction than a single variable, this has not been evaluated. Aim: The aim of this study is to identify whether a multiple marker modality is better than N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) alone for all-cause mortality in elderly HF patients. Methods: A prospective cohort of 361 patients (65 +/- 15 years) referred for echocardiography because of suspected HF was studied, among them, 179 had HF (71 +/- 13). In this cohort blood sampling, electrocardiogram and clinical examinations were performed within approximately 24 hours after the echocardiography. To assess prognostic value of multiple marker modality for all-cause mortality, patients were followed up for 24 +/- 7 months. Results: In the three multivariate analyses, NT-proBNP, cystatin C, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), midregional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), pulmonary artery pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min, anemia, diuretics and sinus rhythm are prognostic predictors of all-cause mortality in elderly HF patients. When analyzing all these variables in one multivariate analysis, only NT-proBNP, eGFR less than 60 mL/min, anemia and diuretics are prognostic predictors of all-cause mortality in elderly HF patients. Two different multiple marker models incorporating NT-proBNP, clinical and laboratory variables were created. The sensitivity and specificity of the two different multiple marker modalities are higher than for NT-proBNP alone. The risk score based on multivariate analysis Wald X-2 values is preferred considering its simplicity and feasibility in daily clinical practice. Conclusion: A multiple marker modality was proven to improve prognostic prediction in elderly HF patients compared to NT-proBNP alone. (C) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS and European Union Geriatric Medicine Society. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Holmström, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of copeptin among elderly patients in relation to systolic heart failure and heart failure with normal ejection fraction
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Geriatric Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-7649. ; 4:3, s. 139-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High copeptin levels are linked to a poor prognosis in heart failure (HF). Studies of copeptin levels in elderly HF patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (HFNEF) have reported conflicting results. Aim: The aim is to study the relationship between copeptin levels and HF in the elderly. Methods: In a prospective cohort of 261 patients with a mean age of 70 +/- 11 years, referred for echocardiography due to suspected HF. Electrocardiography, blood sampling and clinical examination were performed within approximately 24 hours after echocardiography. The study group was categorised according to the following definitions: systolic HF (SHF) (39%), HFNEF (previously called diastolic HF) (19%), uncertain HFNEF (19%), where only symptoms and partial echocardiography signs supported the diagnosis and a group in which HF was excluded (Non-HF) (23%). Results: Copeptin levels were higher in patients with SHF and HFNEF compared with non-HF patients. Patients with uncertain HFNEF had similar copeptin levels as the non-HF group. Copeptin across quartiles was related to an increased proportion of SHF, low ejection fraction (LVEF), high pulmonary artery pressure (PA) (all P < 0.01), signs of increased preload (LVDD) (P < 0.05), and higher levels of a panel of biomarkers (P < 0.01), but not to the incidence of HFNEF. In a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis there was a positive relationship between copeptin and cystatin C, high-sensitivity troponin T (both P < 0.001) and male gender (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Copeptin levels are elevated in both SHF and HFNEF in the elderly but not in patients in whom the HFNEF diagnosis is based only on symptoms and partial echocardiography findings.
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| 6. |
- Holmström, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Red blood cell distribution width and its relation to cardiac function and biomarkers in a prospective hospital cohort referred for echocardiography
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0953-6205. ; 23:7, s. 604-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of anisocytosis, is a prognostic biomarker for heart failure (HF). However it is still unclear how RDW is associated with heart function and established cardiac biomarkers. Methods and results: In a prospective hospital cohort of 296 patients referred for echocardiography because of suspected HF, blood sampling and clinical examination were performed within 24 h after echocardiography. The patients were divided into four HF groups, including one group where the HF diagnosis was uncertain (gray zone). In the patients the mean age was 70 +/- 11 years, 44% with systolic HF (SHF), 18% with heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF), 17% with gray zone and 21% without HF (non-HF). RDW was higher among patients with SHF and HFNEF, compared with gray zone and non-HF patients. The distribution of different variables over the RDW quartiles showed an inverse correlation between RDW levels and LVEF and a positive correlation between RDW and NT-proBNP levels. Further analysis with stepwise multiple linear regression demonstrated that NT-proBNP levels, but not LVEF, were independently correlated with RDW. Conclusion: In patients referred for echocardiography because of suspected HF, RDW levels were higher in patients with SHF and HFNEF. Moreover, NT-proBNP levels were independently linked with elevated RDW. (C) 2012 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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