| 1. |
- Harcourt, R., et al.
(author)
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Animal-borne telemetry: An integral component of the ocean observing toolkit
- 2019
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In: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 6:JUN
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal and continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas and open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers and networks of acoustic receivers allow animals to be reliably monitored over scales of tens of meters to thousands of kilometers, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, the phenology of migratory patterns and the biotic and abiotic factors that drive their distributions. Furthermore, physical environmental variables can be collected using animals as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial and temporal coverage of global oceanographic observation systems. The use of animal telemetry, therefore, has the capacity to provide measures from a suite of essential ocean variables (EOVs) for improved monitoring of Earth's oceans. Here we outline the design features of animal telemetry systems, describe current applications and their benefits and challenges, and discuss future directions. We describe new analytical techniques that improve our ability to not only quantify animal movements but to also provide a powerful framework for comparative studies across taxa. We discuss the application of animal telemetry and its capacity to collect biotic and abiotic data, how the data collected can be incorporated into ocean observing systems, and the role these data can play in improved ocean management. © 2019 Harcourt, Sequeira, Zhang, Roquet, Komatsu, Heupel, McMahon, Whoriskey, Meekan, Carroll, Brodie, Simpfendorfer, Hindell, Jonsen, Costa, Block, Muelbert, Woodward, Weise, Aarestrup, Biuw, Boehme, Bograd, Cazau, Charrassin, Cooke, Cowley, de Bruyn, Jeanniard du Dot, Duarte, Eguíluz, Ferreira, Fernández-Gracia, Goetz, Goto, Guinet, Hammill, Hays, Hazen, Hückstädt, Huveneers, Iverson, Jaaman, Kittiwattanawong, Kovacs, Lydersen, Moltmann, Naruoka, Phillips, Picard, Queiroz, Reverdin, Sato, Sims, Thorstad, Thums, Treasure, Trites, Williams, Yonehara and Fedak.
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| 2. |
- Wakelam, V., et al.
(author)
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A KINETIC DATABASE FOR ASTROCHEMISTRY (KIDA)
- 2012
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In: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 199:1, s. 21-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a novel chemical database for gas-phase astrochemistry. Named the KInetic Database for Astrochemistry (KIDA), this database consists of gas-phase reactions with rate coefficients and uncertainties that will be vetted to the greatest extent possible. Submissions of measured and calculated rate coefficients are welcome, and will be studied by experts before inclusion into the database. Besides providing kinetic information for the interstellar medium, KIDA is planned to contain such data for planetary atmospheres and for circumstellar envelopes. Each year, a subset of the reactions in the database (kida.uva) will be provided as a network for the simulation of the chemistry of dense interstellar clouds with temperatures between 10 K and 300 K. We also provide a code, named Nahoon, to study the time-dependent gas-phase chemistry of zero-dimensional and one-dimensional interstellar sources.
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| 3. |
- Huston, Grayson P., et al.
(author)
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Detection of fish sedimentary DNA in aquatic systems : A review of methodological challenges and future opportunities
- 2023
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In: Environmental DNA. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2637-4943. ; 5:6, s. 1449-1472
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Environmental DNA studies have proliferated over the last decade, with promising data describing the diversity of organisms inhabiting aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The recovery of DNA present in the sediment of aquatic systems (sedDNA) has provided short- and long-term data on a wide range of biological groups (e.g., photosynthetic organisms, zooplankton species) and has advanced our understanding of how environmental changes have affected aquatic communities. However, substantial challenges remain for recovering the genetic material of macro-organisms (e.g., fish) from sediments, preventing complete reconstructions of past aquatic ecosystems, and limiting our understanding of historic, higher trophic level interactions. In this review, we outline the biotic and abiotic factors affecting the production, persistence, and transport of fish DNA from the water column to the sediments, and address questions regarding the preservation of fish DNA in sediment. We identify sources of uncertainties around the recovery of fish sedDNA arising during the sedDNA workflow. This includes methodological issues related to experimental design, DNA extraction procedures, and the selected molecular method (quantitative PCR, digital PCR, metabarcoding, metagenomics). By evaluating previous efforts (published and unpublished works) to recover fish sedDNA signals, we provide suggestions for future research and propose troubleshooting workflows for the effective detection and quantification of fish sedDNA. With further research, the use of sedDNA has the potential to be a powerful tool for inferring fish presence over time and reconstructing their population and community dynamics.
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| 4. |
- Nordlund, Joakim, et al.
(author)
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The design and usage of a visual direct methanol fuel cell
- 2004
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In: Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. - 0021-891X .- 1572-8838. ; 34:8, s. 763-770
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In order to better understand the influence of gas evolution on the performance of the direct methanol fuel cell ( DMFC) anode, a visual DMFC, comprising of a transparent anode and a cathode endplate with an integrated heat exchanger, and a picture analysis methodology were developed. The result was an inexpensive, but very powerful, tool for analyzing the role of two-phase flow. An important finding is that gas bubbles do not appear uniformly throughout the fluid flow matrix, but rather only at a few active sites. Another important finding is that the gas saturation ( volume fraction of gas/volume fraction of liquid) increases along the streamwise direction.
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| 5. |
- Treasure, Anne M., et al.
(author)
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Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole A Review of the MEOP Consortium
- 2017
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In: Oceanography. - : The Oceanography Society. - 1042-8275. ; 30:2, s. 132-138
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Polar oceans are poorly monitored despite the important role they play in regulating Earth's climate system. Marine mammals equipped with biologging devices are now being used to fill the data gaps in these logistically difficult to sample regions. Since 2002, instrumented animals have been generating exceptionally large data sets of oceanographic CTD casts (>500,000 profiles), which are now freely available to the scientific community through the MEOP data portal (http://meop.net). MEOP (Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole) is a consortium of international researchers dedicated to sharing animal-derived data and knowledge about the polar oceans. Collectively, MEOP demonstrates the power and cost-effectiveness of using marine mammals as data-collection platforms that can dramatically improve the ocean observing system for biological and physical oceanographers. Here, we review the MEOP program and database to bring it to the attention of the international community.
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| 6. |
- Labrousse, S., et al.
(author)
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Weddell seal behaviour during an exceptional oceanographic event in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf in 2017
- 2021
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In: Antarctic Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0954-1020 .- 1365-2079. ; 33:3, s. 252-264
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rapid and regionally contrasting climate changes have been observed around Antarctica. However, our understanding of the impact of these changes on ecosystems remains limited, and there is an urgent need to better identify habitats of Antarctic species. The Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) is a circumpolar mesopredator and an indicative species of Antarctic marine communities. It has been extensively studied in the western Ross Sea and East Antarctica, and an understanding of its ecology in the Weddell Sea in the wintertime is emerging. We documented the behavioural response(s) of four Weddell seals from February to June in 2017 in the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf region and related these to unusual oceanographic conditions in 2017. Unexpectedly, we found that Weddell seals had the longest foraging effort within the outflow of Ice Shelf Water or at its turbulent boundary. They also foraged on the eastern side of the trough from April to June within the Modified Warm Deep Water and seem to take advantage of the unusual conditions of persistent inflow of warm waters through the winter. Linking animal behavioural responses to oceanographic conditions is informative for quantifying rarely recorded events and provides great insight into how predators may respond to changing conditions.
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| 7. |
- Lacher, Larissa, et al.
(author)
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The Puy de Dôme ICe Nucleation Intercomparison Campaign (PICNIC): comparison between online and offline methods in ambient air
- 2024
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In: ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 24:4, s. 2651-2678
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ice crystal formation in mixed-phase clouds is initiated by specific aerosol particles, termed ice-nucleating particles (INPs). Only a tiny fraction of all aerosol particles are INPs, providing a challenge for contemporary INP measurement techniques. Models have shown that the presence of INPs in clouds can impact their radiative properties and induce precipitation formation. However, for a qualified implementation of INPs in models, measurement techniques able to accurately detect the temperature-dependent INP concentration are needed. Here we present measurements of INP concentrations in ambient air under conditions relevant to mixed-phase clouds from a total of 10 INP methods over 2 weeks in October 2018 at the Puy de Dome observatory in central France. A special focus in this intercomparison campaign was placed on having overlapping sampling periods. Although a variety of different measurement principles were used, the majority of the data show INP concentrations within a factor of 5 of one another, demonstrating the suitability of the instruments to derive model-relevant INP data.Lower values of comparability are likely due to instrument-specific features such as aerosol lamina spreading in continuous-flow diffusion chambers, demonstrating the need to account for such phenomena when interpreting INP concentration data from online instruments. Moreover, consistently higher INP concentrations were observed from aerosol filters collected on the rooftop at the Puy de Dome station without the use of an aerosol inlet.
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| 8. |
- Siegelman, L., et al.
(author)
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Correction and Accuracy of High- and Low-Resolution CTD Data from Animal-Borne Instruments
- 2019
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In: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. - : American Meteorological Society. - 0739-0572 .- 1520-0426. ; 36:5, s. 745-760
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most available CTD Satellite Relay Data Logger (CTD-SRDL) profiles are heavily compressed before satellite transmission. High-resolution profiles recorded at the sampling frequency of 0.5 Hz are, however, available upon physical retrieval of the logger. Between 2014 and 2018, several loggers deployed on elephant seals in the Southern Ocean have been set in continuous recording mode, capturing both the ascent and descent for over 60 profiles per day during several months, opening new horizons for the physical oceanography community. Taking advantage of a new dataset made of seven such loggers, a postprocessing procedure is proposed and validated to improve the quality of all CTD-SRDL data: that is, both high-resolution profiles and compressed low-resolution ones. First, temperature and conductivity are corrected for a thermal mass effect. Then salinity spiking and density inversion are removed by adjusting salinity while leaving temperature unchanged. This method, applied here to more than 50 000 profiles, yields significant and systematic improvements in both temperature and salinity, particularly in regions of rapid temperature variation. The continuous high-resolution dataset is then used to provide updated accuracy estimates of CTD-SRDL data. For high-resolution data, accuracies are estimated to be of +/- 0.02 degrees C for temperature and +/- 0.03 g kg(-1) for salinity. For low-resolution data, transmitted data points have similar accuracies; however, reconstructed temperature profiles have a reduced accuracy associated with the vertical interpolation of +/- 0.04 degrees C and a nearly unchanged salinity accuracy of +/- 0.03 g kg(-1).
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| 9. |
- Torchinsky, S. A., et al.
(author)
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Characterization of a dense aperture array for radio astronomy
- 2016
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 589, s. Art. no. A77-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- EMBRACE@Nancay is a prototype instrument consisting of an array of 4608 densely packed antenna elements creating a fully sampled, unblocked aperture. This technology is proposed for the Square Kilometre Array and has the potential of providing an extremely large field of view making it the ideal survey instrument. We describe the system, calibration procedures, and results from the prototype.
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| 10. |
- Wakelam, V., et al.
(author)
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The 2014 KIDA Network for Interstellar Chemistry
- 2015
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In: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 217:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chemical models used to study the chemical composition of the gas and the ices in the interstellar medium are based on a network of chemical reactions and associated rate coefficients. These reactions and rate coefficients are partially compiled from data in the literature, when available. We present in this paper kida.uva.2014, a new updated version of the kida.uva public gas-phase network first released in 2012. In addition to a description of the many specific updates, we illustrate changes in the predicted abundances of molecules for cold dense cloud conditions as compared with the results of the previous version of our network, kida.uva.2011.
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