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Sökning: WFRF:(Powell J) > Linköpings universitet

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1.
  • Falster, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2052-4463. ; 8:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We introduce the AusTraits database - a compilation of values of plant traits for taxa in the Australian flora (hereafter AusTraits). AusTraits synthesises data on 448 traits across 28,640 taxa from field campaigns, published literature, taxonomic monographs, and individual taxon descriptions. Traits vary in scope from physiological measures of performance (e.g. photosynthetic gas exchange, water-use efficiency) to morphological attributes (e.g. leaf area, seed mass, plant height) which link to aspects of ecological variation. AusTraits contains curated and harmonised individual- and species-level measurements coupled to, where available, contextual information on site properties and experimental conditions. This article provides information on version 3.0.2 of AusTraits which contains data for 997,808 trait-by-taxon combinations. We envision AusTraits as an ongoing collaborative initiative for easily archiving and sharing trait data, which also provides a template for other national or regional initiatives globally to fill persistent gaps in trait knowledge.
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2.
  • Agirre, Jon, et al. (författare)
  • The CCP4 suite: integrative software for macromolecular crystallography
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Acta Crystallographica Section D. - : INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. - 2059-7983. ; 79, s. 449-461
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Collaborative Computational Project No. 4 (CCP4) is a UK-led international collective with a mission to develop, test, distribute and promote software for macromolecular crystallography. The CCP4 suite is a multiplatform collection of programs brought together by familiar execution routines, a set of common libraries and graphical interfaces. The CCP4 suite has experienced several considerable changes since its last reference article, involving new infrastructure, original programs and graphical interfaces. This article, which is intended as a general literature citation for the use of the CCP4 software suite in structure determination, will guide the reader through such transformations, offering a general overview of the new features and outlining future developments. As such, it aims to highlight the individual programs that comprise the suite and to provide the latest references to them for perusal by crystallographers around the world.
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3.
  • J T Simms, R J T, et al. (författare)
  • Micro-Raman spectroscopy as a voltage probe in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure devices: Determination of buffer resistances
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0038-1101. ; 55:1, s. 5-7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A time-resolved micro-Raman technique was developed to probe the transient voltage in the GaN buffer layer of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure devices. The transient potential distribution under Ohmic contacts of devices behaved like a capacitance-resistance coupled network, with a decrease in amplitude and phase shift of the potential as a function of operating voltage frequency. This phenomenon was used to extract a value of 0.6 M Omega/square for sheet resistance of the AIN nucleation layer at the GaN/SiC interface from the characteristic RC value of the network. This demonstrates the effectiveness of this voltage probe technique as a non-invasive method of characterizing nucleation layers.
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4.
  • Powell, J T, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of fibrillin-1 genotype on the aortic stiffness in men
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 99:3, s. 1036-1040
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aortic stiffness is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality. The mechanical properties of the arterial wall depend on the connective tissue framework, with variation in fibrillin-1 and collagen I genes being associated with aortic stiffness and/or pulse pressure elevation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether variation in fibrillin-1 genotype was associated with aortic stiffness in men. The mechanical properties of the abdominal aorta of 79 healthy men (range 28-81 yr) were investigated by ultrasonographic phase-locked echo tracking. Fibrillin-1 genotype, characterized by the variable tandem repeat in intron 28, and collagen type I alpha 1 genotype characterized by the 2,064 OT polymorphism, were determined by using DNA from peripheral blood cells. Three common fibrillin-1 genotypes, 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4, were observed in 50 (64%), 10 (13%), and 11 (14%) of the men, respectively. Those of 2-3 genotype had higher pressure strain elastic modulus and aortic stiffness compared with men of 2-2 or 2-4 genotype (P = 0.005). Pulse pressure also was increased in the 2-3 genotype (P = 0.04). There was no significant association between type 1 collagen genotype and aortic stiffness in this cohort. In conclusion, the fibrillin-1 2-3 genotype in men was associated with increased aortic stiffness and pulse pressure, indicative of an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Copyright © 2005 the American Physiological Society.
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5.
  • Charalambidis, Georgios, et al. (författare)
  • A switchable self-assembling and disassembling chiral system based on a porphyrin-substituted phenylalanine-phenylalanine motif
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 7:12657
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Artificial light-harvesting systems have until now not been able to self-assemble into structures with a large photon capture cross-section that upon a stimulus reversibly can switch into an inactive state. Here we describe a simple and robust FLFL-dipeptide construct to which a meso-tetraphenylporphyrin has been appended and which self-assembles to fibrils, platelets or nanospheres depending on the solvent composition. The fibrils, functioning as quenched antennas, give intense excitonic couplets in the electronic circular dichroism spectra which are mirror imaged if the unnatural FDFD-analogue is used. By slightly increasing the solvent polarity, these light-harvesting fibres disassemble to spherical structures with silent electronic circular dichroism spectra but which fluoresce. Upon further dilution with the nonpolar solvent, the intense Cotton effects are recovered, thus proving a reversible switching. A single crystal X-ray structure shows a head-to-head arrangement of porphyrins that explains both their excitonic coupling and quenched fluorescence.
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6.
  • Engel, Philipp, et al. (författare)
  • The Bee Microbiome: Impact on Bee Health and Model for Evolution and Ecology of Host-Microbe Interactions
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: mBio. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 2161-2129 .- 2150-7511. ; 7:2
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As pollinators, bees are cornerstones for terrestrial ecosystem stability and key components in agricultural productivity. All animals, including bees, are associated with a diverse community of microbes, commonly referred to as the micro biome. The bee micro biome is likely to be a crucial factor affecting host health. However, with the exception of a few pathogens, the impacts of most members of the bee microbiome on host health are poorly understood. Further, the evolutionary and ecological forces that shape and change the microbiome are unclear. Here, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of the bee microbiome, and we present challenges associated with its investigation. We conclude that global coordination of research efforts is needed to fully understand the complex and highly dynamic nature of the interplay between the bee micro biome, its host, and the environment. High-throughput sequencing technologies are ideal for exploring complex biological systems, including host-microbe interactions. To maximize their value and to improve assessment of the factors affecting bee health, sequence data should be archived, curated, and analyzed in ways that promote the synthesis of different studies. To this end, the BeeBiome consortium aims to develop an online database which would provide reference sequences, archive metadata, and host analytical resources. The goal would be to support applied and fundamental research on bees and their associated microbes and to provide a collaborative framework for sharing primary data from different research programs, thus furthering our understanding of the bee microbiome and its impact on pollinator health.
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7.
  • Faulkner, Lee, et al. (författare)
  • The development of in vitro culture methods to characterize primary T-cell responses to drugs.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Toxicological Sciences. - : Oxford University Press. - 1096-6080 .- 1096-0929. ; 127:1, s. 150-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adverse drug reactions represent a major stumbling block to drug development and those with an immune etiology are the most difficult to predict. We have developed an in vitro T-cell priming culture method using peripheral blood from healthy volunteers to assess the allergenic potential of drugs. The drug metabolite nitroso sulfamethoxazole (SMX-NO) was used as a model drug allergen to establish optimum assay conditions. Naive T cells were cocultured with monocyte-derived dendritic cells at a ratio of 25:1 in the presence of the drug for a period of 8 days, to expand the number of drug-responsive T cells. The T cells were then incubated with fresh dendritic cells, and drug and their antigen responsiveness analyzed using readouts for proliferation, cytokine secretion, and cell phenotype. All five volunteers showed dose-dependent proliferation as measured by 5-(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester content and by (3)H-thymidine uptake. CD4 T cells that had divided in the presence of SMX-NO had changed from a naive phenotype (CD45RA+) to a memory phenotype (CD45RO+). These memory T cells expressed the chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR4, and CXCR3 suggesting a mixture of T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells in the responding population, with a propensity for homing to the skin. Drug stimulation was also associated with the secretion of a mixture of T(H)1 cytokines (interferon γ) and T(H)2 cytokines (interleukin [IL]-5 and IL-13) as detected by ELISpot. We are currently developing this approach to investigate the allergenic potential of other drugs, including those where an association between specific human leucocyte antigen alleles and susceptibility to an immunological reaction has been established.
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8.
  • Kirk, Jeanette Wassar, et al. (författare)
  • Co-designing implementation strategies for the WALK-Cph intervention in Denmark aimed at increasing mobility in acutely hospitalized older patients : a qualitative analysis of selected strategies and their justifications
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : BMC. - 1472-6963. ; 22:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Selecting appropriate strategies to target barriers to implementing interventions represents a considerable challenge in implementation research and practice. The aim was to investigate what categories of implementation strategies were selected by health care practitioners and their managers in a co-design process and how they justified these strategies aimed at facilitating the implementation of the WALK-Cph intervention. Methods: The study used a qualitative research design to explore what implementation strategies were selected and the justifications for selecting these strategies. Workshops were used because this qualitative method is particularly well suited for studying co-design processes that involve substantial attention to social interaction and the context. Data were 1) analyzed deductively based on the Proctor et al. taxonomy of implementation strategies, 2) categorized in accordance with the ERIC compilation of implementation strategies by Powell et al., and 3) analyzed to examine the justification for the selected strategies by the Proctor et al. framework for justifications of implementation strategies. Results: Thirteen different types of implementation strategies were chosen across two hospitals. The deductive analysis showed that selection of implementation strategies was based on pragmatic and theoretical justifications. The contents of the two types of justifications were thematized into nine subthemes. Conclusion: This study contributes with knowledge about categories and justification of implementation strategies selected in a co-design process. In this study, implementation strategies were selected through pragmatic and theoretical justifications. This points to a challenge in balancing strategies based on practice-based and research-based knowledge and thereby selection of strategies with or without proven effectiveness.
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9.
  • Kirk, Jeanette Wassar, et al. (författare)
  • Influences of specialty identity when implementing a new emergency department in Denmark : a qualitative study
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - London : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1472-6963. ; 24:1, s. 1-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The Danish Health Authority recommended the implementation of new types of emergency departments. Organizational changes in the hospital sector challenged the role, identity, and autonomy of medical specialists. They tend to identify with their specialty, which can challenge successful implementation of change. However, investigations on specialty identity are rare in implementation science, and how the co-existence of different specialty identities influences the implementation of new emergency departments needs to be explored for the development of tailored implementation strategies. The aim of this study was to examine how medical specialty identity influences collaboration between physicians when implementing a new emergency department in Denmark. Methods: Qualitative methods in the form of participants’ observations at 13 oilcloth sessions (a micro-simulation method) were conducted followed up by 53 individual semi-structured interviews with participants from the oilcloth sessions. Out of the 53 interviews, 26 were conducted with specialists. Data from their interviews are included in this study. Data were analysed deductively inspired by Social Identity Theory. Results: The analysis yielded three overarching themes: [1] ongoing creation and re-creation of specialty identity through boundary drawing; [2] social categorization and power relations; and [3] the patient as a boundary object. Conclusions: Specialty identity is an important determinant of collaboration among physicians when implementing a new emergency department. Specialty identity involves social categorization, which entails ongoing creation and re-creation of boundary drawing and exercising of power among the physicians. In some situations, the patient became a positive boundary object, increasing the possibility for a successful collaboration and supporting successful implementation, but direct expressions of boundaries and mistrust were evident. Both were manifested through a dominating power expressed through social categorization in the form of in- and out-groups and in an “us and them” discourse, which created distance and separation among physicians from different specialties. This distancing and separation became a barrier to the implementation of the new emergency department. © 2024, The Author(s).
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10.
  • Kirk, Jeanette Wassar, et al. (författare)
  • Oilcloth sessions as an implementation strategy : a qualitative study in Denmark
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: BMC Medical Education. - : BMC. - 1472-6920. ; 22:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background The aim of this study was to explore healthcare professionals, managers, and other key employees experiences of oilcloth sessions as a strategy when implementing new emergency departments in Denmark, based on their participations in these sessions. The study addresses the importance of securing alignment in implementation strategies. Too often, this does not get enough attention in the literature and in practice. In this study, alignment among components was achieved in an educational implementation strategy called oilcloth sessions. Methods The study is based on participants observations of 13 oilcloth sessions and follow-up via 53 semi-structured interviews with the board of directors, managers, and key employees from the present emergency department and different specialty departments. Data were analysed deductively using Biggs and Tangs model of didactic alignment. Results The analysis showed the complexity of challenges when using oilcloth sessions as a strategy when implementing a new emergency department described in terms of three phases and nine main themes (a-i): the preparation phase: (a) preparing individually and collectively, (b) objectives, (c) involving participants, (d) selecting cases; the execution phase: (e) using materials, (f) facilitating the sessions, (g) temporal structures; evaluation: (h) following up on the sessions, (i) adapting to the context. Conclusions This study shows that it is important to ensure alignment among elements in implementation strategies. Thus, oilcloth sessions with high alignment are useful if the challenges experienced are to be overcome and the strategy will be experienced as a useful way to support the implementation of a new emergency department from the participants point of view. Bigg and Tangs didactic model is useful as an analytical framework to ensure alignment in implementation strategies in general.
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