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Sökning: WFRF:(Pukkala E) > Umeå universitet

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1.
  • Pearce, Neil E, et al. (författare)
  • IARC Monographs : 40 Years of Evaluating Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 123:6, s. 507-514
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Recently the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that IARC Working Groups' failures to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans.OBJECTIVES: The authors of this paper are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We have examined here criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. We review the history of IARC evaluations and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed.DISCUSSION: We conclude that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various discipline and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed.CONCLUSIONS: The IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public's health.
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3.
  • Luostarinen, T, et al. (författare)
  • Joint effects of different human papillomaviruses and Chlamydia trachomatis infections on risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 40:7, s. 1058-1065
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This case-control study based in Nordic serum banks evaluated the joint effects of infections with genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types, and Chlamydia trachomatis in the aetiology of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Through a linkage with the cancer registries, 144 cases were identified and 420 controls matched to them. Exposure to past infections was defined by the presence of specific IgG antibodies. The odds ratio (OR) for the second-order interaction of HPV16, HPV6/11 and C. trachomatis was small (1.0) compared to the expected multiplicative OR, 57, and the additive OR, 11. The interactions were not materially different among HPV16 DNA-positive squamous cell carcinomas. When HPV16 was replaced with HPV18/33 in the analysis of second-order interactions with HPV6/11 and C. trachomatis, there was no evidence of interaction, the joint effect being close to the expected additive OR. Possible explanations for the observed antagonism include misclassification, selection bias or a true biological phenomenon with HPV6/11 and C. trachomatis exposures antagonizing the carcinogenic effects of HPV16. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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4.
  • Johansson, Ann-Sofie, 1967-, et al. (författare)
  • Germ line insertions of moloney murine leukemia virus in the TLL mouse causes site-specific differences in lymphoma/leukemia frequency and tumor immunophenotype
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Anticancer Research. - 0250-7005 .- 1791-7530. ; 26:4B, s. 2873-2878
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MLV) has proven valuable for studies of the pathogenesis of malignant lymphoma. Inoculation of newborn mice induces T cell lymphoma with 100% incidence. The TLL (T cell lymphoma/leukemia)-strain was previously established and was shown to spontaneously develop T cell lymphoma at high frequency. Materials and Methods: Differential screening of cDNA libraries was performed to discover an involvement of Mo-MLV and genomic sequencing was used to identify the chromosomal position of Mo-MLV proviral integration sites. Immunophenotypes of the tumors were established by flow cytometry. Disease frequency curves were created according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Two independent Mo-MLV germ line integrations were characterized on chromosomes 2 and 14, giving rise to two substrains of mice denoted TLL-2 and TLL-14. The chromosomal position of the integrated provirus affected the frequency of disease, as well as the immunophenotype of the tumors. Conclusion: The data suggest that factors influencing the transcriptional activity of the chromosomal regions, leading to differences in proviral expression, could underlie the observed difference in tumor frequency.
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5.
  • Schock, Helena, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Anti-Mullerian hormone and risk of invasive serous ovarian cancer
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 25:5, s. 583-589
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Epithelial ovarian cancers either arise directly from Mullerian-type epithelium or acquire Mullerian characteristics in the course of neoplastic transformation. The anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) causes regression of Mullerian structures during fetal development in males and has been shown to inhibit the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that pre-diagnostic serum concentrations of AMH are inversely associated with risk of invasive serous ovarian cancer. A case-control study (107 cases, 208 controls) was nested within the population-based Finnish Maternity Cohort (1986-2007). The sample donated during the first trimester of the last pregnancy preceding cancer diagnosis of the case subjects was selected for the study. For each case, two controls, matched on age and date at sampling, as well as parity at sampling and at cancer diagnosis were selected. AMH was measured by a second-generation AMH ELISA. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for invasive serous ovarian cancer associated with AMH concentrations. Overall AMH concentrations were not associated with risk of invasive serous ovarian cancer (OR 0.93; 95 % CI 0.49-1.77 for top vs. bottom tertile, P (trend) = 0.83). In women older than the median age at sampling (32.7 years), a doubling of AMH was associated with decreased risk (OR 0.69; 95 % CI 0.49-0.96), whereas an increased risk (OR 1.64; 95 % CI 1.06-2.54) was observed in younger women, P (homogeneity) = 0.002. In this first prospective investigation, risk of invasive serous ovarian cancer was not associated with pre-diagnostic AMH concentrations overall; however, the association may depend on age at AMH measurement.
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