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- Jones, Benedict C, et al.
(författare)
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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 5:1, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .
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| 2. |
- Chen, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : a population-based cohort study using a sibling-comparison design
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 43:1, s. 83-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the role of unmeasured familial confounding for this association remains unclear.Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study via linkage of Swedish national and regional registers to investigate maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (underweight: BMI <18.5; overweight: 25≤ BMI <30; obesity: BMI ≥30) in relation to offspring ADHD. We followed 673 632 individuals born in Sweden between 1992 and 2000, with prospectively collected information on maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, until they received an ADHD diagnosis or ADHD medication, death, emigration or 31 December 2009. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. Stratified Cox proportional hazards models were applied to data on full siblings to control for unmeasured familial confounding.Results: At the population level, pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity was associated with increased risk of offspring ADHD (HR(overweight) = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.18-1.27, P = 0.01; HR(obesity) = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.57-1.73, P = 0.01), after adjustment for measured covariates. In full sibling comparisons, however, previously observed associations no longer remained (HR(overweight) = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.83-1.16, P = 0.82; HR(obesity) = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.85-1.56, P = 0.38).Conclusions: The results suggested that the association between maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and offspring ADHD could be ascribed to unmeasured familial confounding.
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| 3. |
- Skoglund, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ADHD in offspring
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. - Stockholm : Blackwell Publishing. - 0021-9630 .- 1469-7610. ; 55:1, s. 61-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy (SDP) has consistently been associated with increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring, but recent studies indicate that this association might be due to unmeasured familial confounding.METHODS: A total of 813,030 individuals born in Sweden between 1992 and 2000 were included in this nationwide population-based cohort study. Data on maternal SDP and ADHD diagnosis were obtained from national registers and patients were followed up from the age of 3 to the end of 2009. Hazard Ratios (HRs) were estimated using stratified Cox regression models. Cousin and sibling data were used to control for unmeasured familial confounding.RESULTS: At the population level maternal SDP predicted ADHD in offspring (HR(ModerateSDP) = 1.89; HR(HighSDP)= 2.50). This estimate gradually attenuated toward the null when adjusting for measured confounders (HR(ModerateSDP)= 1.62; HR(HighSDP)= 2.04), unmeasured confounders shared within the extended family (i.e., cousin comparison) (HR(ModerateSDP)= 1.45; HR(HighSDP)= 1.69), and unmeasured confounders within the nuclear family (i.e., sibling comparison) (HR(ModerateSDP)= 0.88; HR(HighSDP)= 0.84).CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the association between maternal SDP and offspring ADHD are due to unmeasured familial confounding.
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