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- Bhatt, Pramod, et al.
(författare)
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High temperature annealing effect on structural and magnetic properties of Ti/Ni multilayer
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332. ; 253:5, s. 2572-2580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High temperature annealing effect on structural and magnetic properties of Ti/Ni multilayer (ML) up to 600 °C have been studied and reported in this paper. Ti/Ni multilayer samples having constant layer thicknesses of 50 Å each are deposited on float glass and Si(1 1 1) substrates using electron-beam evaporation technique under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions at room temperatures. The micro-structural parameters and their evolution with temperature for as-deposited as well as annealed multilayer samples up to 600 °C in a step of 100 °C for 1 h are determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity techniques. The X-ray diffraction pattern recorded at 300 °C annealed multilayer sample shows interesting structural transformation (from crystalline to amorphous) because of the solid-state reaction (SSR) and subsequent re-crystallization at higher temperatures of annealing, particularly at ≥400 °C due to the formation of TiNi3 and Ti2Ni alloy phases. Sample quality and surface morphology are examined by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique for both as-deposited as well as annealed multilayer samples. In addition to this, a temperature dependent dc resistivity measurement is also used to study the structural transformation and subsequent alloy phase formation due to annealing treatment. The corresponding magnetization behavior of multilayer samples after each stage of annealing has been investigated by using Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE) technique and results are interpreted in terms of observed micro-structural changes.
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- Jangamreddy, Jaganmohan Reddy, et al.
(författare)
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Glucose starvation-mediated inhibition of salinomycin induced autophagy amplifies cancer cell specific cell death
- 2015
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : IMPACT JOURNALS LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 6:12, s. 10134-10145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salinomycin has been used as treatment for malignant tumors in a small number of humans, causing far less side effects than standard chemotherapy. Several studies show that Salinomycin targets cancer-initiating cells (cancer stem cells, or CSC) resistant to conventional therapies. Numerous studies show that Salinomycin not only reduces tumor volume, but also decreases tumor recurrence when used as an adjuvant to standard treatments. In this study we show that starvation triggered different stress responses in cancer cells and primary normal cells, which further improved the preferential targeting of cancer cells by Salinomycin. Our in vitro studies further demonstrate that the combined use of 2-Fluoro 2-deoxy D-glucose, or 2-deoxy D-glucose with Salinomycin is lethal in cancer cells while the use of Oxamate does not improve cell death-inducing properties of Salinomycin. Furthermore, we show that treatment of cancer cells with Salinomycin under starvation conditions not only increases the apoptotic caspase activity, but also diminishes the protective autophagy normally triggered by the treatment with Salinomycin alone. Thus, this study underlines the potential use of Salinomycin as a cancer treatment, possibly in combination with short-term starvation or starvation-mimicking pharmacologic intervention.
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- Reddy, G V, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of banana waste for the production of lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes by solid substrate fermentation using two Pleurotus species (P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju)
- 2003
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Ingår i: PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY. - 0032-9592. ; 38:10, s. 1457-1462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pleurotus ostreatus and P. sajor-caju, were investigated for their ability to produce various lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes such as laccase, lignin peroxidase, xylanase, endo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (CMCase) and exo-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (FP activity) on Banana agricultural waste (leaf biomass and pseudostems) at solid substrate fermentation. The production patterns of these extracellular enzymes were studied during the growth of the organisms for a period of 40 days. Both organisms exhibited similar levels of enzyme activities and pattern of production. Leaf biomass was found to be a more suitable substrate compared to pseudostems for enzyme production. Very low levels of cellulolytic enzyme activities were detected compared to lignin degrading enzymes by both the organisms. Maximum specific activities of enzymes were obtained between 10 and 20 days of culture growth.
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