| 1. |
- Asbrand, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Psychology and the COVID-19 Pandemic : A Mixed Methods Survey Among Members of the European Association of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment (EACLIPT).
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology in Europe. - : PsychOpen. - 2625-3410. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people globally both physically and psychologically. The increased demands for mental health interventions provided by clinical psychologists, psychotherapists and mental health care professionals, as well as the rapid change in work setting (e.g., from face-to-face to video therapy) has proven challenging. The current study investigates European clinical psychologists and psychotherapists' views on the changes and impact on mental health care that occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It further aims to explore individual and organizational processes that assist clinical psychologists' and psychotherapists' in their new working conditions, and understand their needs and priorities.METHOD: Members of the European Association of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment (EACLIPT) were invited (N = 698) to participate in a survey with closed and open questions covering their experiences during the first wave of the pandemic from June to September 2020. Participants (n = 92) from 19 European countries, mostly employed in universities or hospitals, completed the online survey.RESULTS: Results of qualitative and quantitative analyses showed that clinical psychologists and psychotherapists throughout the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic managed to continue to provide treatments for patients who were experiencing emotional distress. The challenges (e.g., maintaining a working relationship through video treatment) and opportunities (e.g., more flexible working hours) of working through this time were identified.CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations for mental health policies and professional organizations are identified, such as clear guidelines regarding data security and workshops on conducting video therapy.
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| 2. |
- Emmelkamp, Paul M.G., et al.
(författare)
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Advancing psychotherapy and evidence-based psychological interventions
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1049-8931 .- 1557-0657. ; 23:S1, s. 58-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychological models of mental disorders guide research into psychological and environmental factors that elicit and maintain mental disorders as well as interventions to reduce them. This paper addresses four areas. (1) Psychological models of mental disorders have become increasingly transdiagnostic, focusing on core cognitive endophenotypes of psychopathology from an integrative cognitive psychology perspective rather than offering explanations for unitary mental disorders. It is argued that psychological interventions for mental disorders will increasingly target specific cognitive dysfunctions rather than symptom-based mental disorders as a result. (2) Psychotherapy research still lacks a comprehensive conceptual framework that brings together the wide variety of findings, models and perspectives. Analysing the state-of-the-art in psychotherapy treatment research, “component analyses” aiming at an optimal identification of core ingredients and the mechanisms of change is highlighted as the core need towards improved efficacy and effectiveness of psychotherapy, and improved translation to routine care. (3) In order to provide more effective psychological interventions to children and adolescents, there is a need to develop new and/or improved psychotherapeutic interventions on the basis of developmental psychopathology research taking into account knowledge of mediators and moderators. Developmental neuroscience research might be instrumental to uncover associated aberrant brain processes in children and adolescents with mental health problems and to better examine mechanisms of their correction by means of psychotherapy and psychological interventions. (4) Psychotherapy research needs to broaden in terms of adoption of large-scale public health strategies and treatments that can be applied to more patients in a simpler and cost-effective way. Increased research on efficacy and moderators of Internet-based treatments and e-mental health tools (e.g. to support “real time” clinical decision-making to prevent treatment failure or relapse) might be one promising way forward.
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| 3. |
- Heinecke, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Chronischer Tinnitus: Für wen ist eine ambulante Kurzzeitpsychotherapie indiziert? : [Chronic Tinnitus: Which Kind of Patients Benefit from an Outpatient Psychotherapy?]
- 2010
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Ingår i: PPmP. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0937-2032 .- 1439-1058. ; 60:7, s. 271-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hintergrund:Die Wirksamkeit psychotherapeutischer Verfahren bei der Bewältigung chronischer dekompensierter Tinnitussymptome ist gut belegt. Mit dieser Studie wurde geprüft, welche Patienten- und Symptomcharakteristika mit einem hohen Therapieerfolg zusammenhingen.Patienten und Methoden: 95 Patienten mit chronischem dekompensierten Tinnitus wurden mit kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Einzelsitzungen behandelt, in die Übungen zur biofeedbackgestützten Muskelrelaxation integriert waren. Mittels Regressionsanalysen wurden Prädiktoren für verschiedene Outcome-Maße wie die tinnitusspezifische Belastung, Dauer oder die Intensität der Ohrgeräusche, sowie für Responderanalysen und den Funktionsstatus zu Therapieabschluss ermittelt.Ergebnisse: Über 80% der Patienten profitierten von der Behandlung. Als positive Prädiktoren erwiesen sich eine aktive und wenig skeptische Therapieerwartung. Schwächer war der Erfolg, wenn initial ausgeprägte depressive Symptome vorlagen.Schlussfolgerung: Für die überwiegende Zahl der Patienten war eine ambulante Kurzzeit-Psychotherapie erfolgsversprechend. Die Studie konnte an einer großen Stichprobe zeigen, dass im Vorfeld der Behandlung positive Therapieerwartungen gefördert und einer hohen Skepsis entgegengewirkt sollte, um ein gutes Therapieergebnis zu ermöglichen. Liegen ausgeprägte depressive Symptome vor, sollten zusätzliche Therapieverfahren einbezogen werden.
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| 4. |
- Heinecke, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological and psychological stress reactivity in chronic tinnitus
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of behavioral medicine. - : Springer. - 0160-7715 .- 1573-3521. ; 31:3, s. 179-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several models of tinnitus maintenance emphasize the importance of cognitive, emotional and psychophysiological processes. These factors contribute to distress in patients with decompensated tinnitus symptoms. We investigated whether tinnitus patients show increased physiological levels of arousal, more intense stress reactivity patterns and exaggerated psychological strain compared to healthy controls. Seventy tinnitus patients and 55 healthy controls underwent various stress tests. Muscular reactivity and peripheral arousal as well as strain ratings were assessed. Tinnitus patients reported significantly more strain during stress tests compared to healthy controls. Few physiological reactivity patterns differed significantly between the two groups. The physiological data thus only partly supported a hyperreactivity hypothesis. Strain reports and physiological data were only marginally correlated. Tinnitus patients show maladaptive appraisal processes during stress exposure, yet physiological reactivity is only slightly affected. Treatment programs for patients with decompensated tinnitus symptoms should account for appraisal processes and coping mechanisms in stressful situations.
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| 5. |
- Heinecke, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Psychophysiological effects of biofeedback treatment in tinnitus sufferers
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Clinical Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0144-6657 .- 2044-8260. ; 48:3, s. 223-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. Psychophysiological factors in maintaining tinnitus-related distress have been emphasized in current tinnitus models. Hyperreactivity in the autonomous nervous system is supposed to hinder habituation processes and might contribute to maladjustment to tinnitus symptoms in the long run. Accordingly, biofeedback treatment targeting physiological activity ought to reduce tinnitus annoyance and facilitate habituation.Subjects. One hundred and thirty patients completed a manual-based psychological treatment especially developed for chronic tinnitus sufferers. A subsample consisting of 67 participants were randomly assigned to a waiting list (3 months) and served as a control group. The programme consisted of 15 sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy combined with a psychophysiological treatment using a biofeedback approach.Method. Different muscle regions of the head and neck and skin conductance level were assessed with biofeedback equipment. Physiological treatment effects were analysed using the pre-post effect sizes in comparison to the waitlist group. Correlations for physiological changes and psychological treatment effects were computed.Results. Moderate to large effect sizes for physiological changes were demonstrated. Physiological and psychological treatment effects were found to be unrelated.Discussion. Our treatment approach, which combined biofeedback therapy with CBT elements, was found to be highly effective in reducing psychophysiological activation. Psychological and physiological variables seem to represent independent response systems.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Hesser, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of waiting: A meta-analysis of wait-list control groups in trials for tinnitus distress
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 70:4, s. 378-384
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The response rates and effects of being placed on a wait-list control condition are well documented in psychiatric populations. Despite the usefulness of such estimates and the frequent use of no-treatment controls in clinical trials for tinnitus, the effect of waiting in a tinnitus trial has not been investigated systematically. The aim of the present study was to quantify the overall effect of wait-list control groups on tinnitus distress. Methods: Studies were retrieved via a systematic review of randomised controlled trials of cognitive behaviour therapy for tinnitus distress. Outcomes of psychometrically robust tinnitus-specific measures (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Tinnitus Questionnaire, Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire) from wait-list control groups were quantified using meta-analytic techniques. Percentage of change and standard mean difference effect sizes were calculated using the pre and post wait period. Results: Eleven studies involving 314 wait-list subjects with tinnitus were located. The analysis for a waiting period of 6 to 12 weeks revealed a mean decrease in scores on tinnitus-specific measures of 3% to 8%. Across studies, a statically significant small mean within-group effect size was obtained (Hedges g=.17). The effects were moderated by methodological quality of the trial, sample characteristics (i.e., age, tinnitus duration), time of the wait-list and how diagnosis was established. Conclusion: Subjects in a tinnitus trial improve in tinnitus distress over a short waiting phase. The effects of waiting are highly variable and depend on the characteristics of the sample and of the trial.
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| 8. |
- Korwisi, Beatrice, et al.
(författare)
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Classification algorithm for the International Classification of Diseases-11 chronic pain classification : development and results from a preliminary pilot evaluation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 162:7, s. 2087-2096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: The International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) chronic pain classification includes about 100 chronic pain diagnoses on different diagnostic levels. Each of these diagnoses requires specific operationalized diagnostic criteria to be present. The classification comprises more than 200 diagnostic criteria. The aim of the Classification Algorithm for Chronic Pain in ICD-11 (CAL-CP) is to facilitate the use of the classification by guiding users through these diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic criteria were ordered hierarchically and visualized in accordance with the standards defined by the Society for Medical Decision Making Committee on Standardization of Clinical Algorithms. The resulting linear decision tree underwent several rounds of iterative checks and feedback by its developers, as well as other pain experts. A preliminary pilot evaluation was conducted in the context of an ecological implementation field study of the classification itself. The resulting algorithm consists of a linear decision tree, an introduction form, and an appendix. The initial decision trunk can be used as a standalone algorithm in primary care. Each diagnostic criterion is represented in a decision box. The user needs to decide for each criterion whether it is present or not, and then follow the respective yes or no arrows to arrive at the corresponding ICD-11 diagnosis. The results of the pilot evaluation showed good clinical utility of the algorithm. The CAL-CP can contribute to reliable diagnoses by structuring a way through the classification and by increasing adherence to the criteria. Future studies need to evaluate its utility further and analyze its impact on the accuracy of the assigned diagnoses.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Lyon, Helen N., et al.
(författare)
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The association of a SNP upstream of INSIG2 with body mass index is reproduced in several but not all cohorts
- 2007
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 3:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A SNP upstream of the INSIG2 gene, rs7566605, was recently found to be associated with obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI) by Herbert and colleagues. The association between increased BMI and homozygosity for the minor allele was first observed in data from a genome-wide association scan of 86,604 SNPs in 923 related individuals from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort. The association was reproduced in four additional cohorts, but was not seen in a fifth cohort. To further assess the general reproducibility of this association, we genotyped rs7566605 in nine large cohorts from eight populations across multiple ethnicities (total n = 16,969). We tested this variant for association with BMI in each sample under a recessive model using family-based, population-based, and case-control designs. We observed a significant (p < 0.05) association in five cohorts but saw no association in three other cohorts. There was variability in the strength of association evidence across examination cycles in longitudinal data from unrelated individuals in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. A combined analysis revealed significant independent validation of this association in both unrelated (p = 0.046) and family-based (p = 0.004) samples. The estimated risk conferred by this allele is small, and could easily be masked by small sample size, population stratification, or other confounders. These validation studies suggest that the original association is less likely to be spurious, but the failure to observe an association in every data set suggests that the effect of SNP rs7566605 on BMI may be heterogeneous across population samples.
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