| 1. |
- Riley, J. J., et al.
(författare)
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Recent progress in stratified turbulence
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ten Chapters in Turbulence. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9781139032810 ; , s. 269-317
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction. Stable density stratification can have a strong effect on fluid flows. For example, a stably-stratified fluid can support the propagation of internal waves. Also, at large enough horizontal scales, flow in a stably-stratified fluid will not have enough kinetic energy to overcome the potential energy needed to overturn; therefore flows at this horizontal scale and larger cannot overturn, greatly constraining the types of motions possible. Both of these effects were observed in laboratory experiments of wakes in stably-stratified fluids (see, e.g., (Lin and Pao, 1979)). In the wake experiments, generally the flow in the near wake of the source, e.g., a towed sphere or a towed grid, consisted of three-dimensional turbulence, little affected by the stable stratification. As the flow decayed, however, the effects of stratification became continually more important. After a few buoyancy periods, when the effects of stable stratification started to dominate, the flow had changed dramatically, and consisted of both internal waves and quasi-horizontal motions. Following Lilly (1983), we will call such motions, consisting of both internal waves and quasi-horizontal motions due to the domination of stable stratification, as “stratified turbulence”. It has become clear that such flows, while being strongly constrained by the stable stratification, have many of the features of turbulence, including being stochastic, strongly nonlinear, strongly dispersive, and strongly dissipative. A primary interest in stratified turbulence is how energy in such flows, strongly affected by stable stratification, is still effectively cascaded down to smaller scales and into three-dimensional turbulence, where it is ultimately dissipated.
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| 2. |
- Ericsson, Göran, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Rural-urban heterogeneity in attitudes towards large carnivores in Sweden, 1974-2014
- 2018
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Ingår i: Large carnivore conservation and management. - Oxon : Routledge. - 9781138039995 - 9781315175454 ; , s. 190-205
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The green revolution of the 1960s shaped current approaches to large carnivore conservation and paved the way for the successful conservation policy occurring today. Several legislative changes were introduced, and functionally extinct species went from being actively harvested to being fully protected. These changes went largely unnoticed until recently in most societies in Europe, since these countries had been largely devoid of wolves, bears, lynx and wolverines. The situation in Sweden was no exception. Members of the public had no first-hand experience of large carnivores, and the species first needed to become abundant before people could interact with them sufficiently. Large carnivores are now back, and this is accompanied by symbolic constructions that fuel strong and opposing demands for policy and management. Large carnivore conservation and management takes place in a highly contested political arena, and this is likely to continue unless better insights are gained about values at stake, what these values symbolise in terms of policy preferences and how these can be met. In this chapter, we will track large carnivore numbers and attitude trends and we will discuss implications in terms of governance challenges and new roles to be facilitated.
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