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Sökning: WFRF:(Robert Gabriel) > Linnéuniversitetet

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1.
  • Sim, Thomas G., et al. (författare)
  • Regional variability in peatland burning at mid-to high-latitudes during the Holocene
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0277-3791 .- 1873-457X. ; 305
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Northern peatlands store globally-important amounts of carbon in the form of partly decomposed plant detritus. Drying associated with climate and land-use change may lead to increased fire frequency and severity in peatlands and the rapid loss of carbon to the atmosphere. However, our understanding of the patterns and drivers of peatland burning on an appropriate decadal to millennial timescale relies heavily on individual site-based reconstructions. For the first time, we synthesise peatland macrocharcoal re-cords from across North America, Europe, and Patagonia to reveal regional variation in peatland burning during the Holocene. We used an existing database of proximal sedimentary charcoal to represent regional burning trends in the wider landscape for each region. Long-term trends in peatland burning appear to be largely climate driven, with human activities likely having an increasing influence in the late Holocene. Warmer conditions during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (similar to 9e6 cal. ka BP) were associated with greater peatland burning in North America's Atlantic coast, southern Scandinavia and the Baltics, and Patagonia. Since the Little Ice Age, peatland burning has declined across North America and in some areas of Europe. This decline is mirrored by a decrease in wider landscape burning in some, but not all sub-regions, linked to fire-suppression policies, and landscape fragmentation caused by agricultural expansion. Peatlands demonstrate lower susceptibility to burning than the wider landscape in several instances, probably because of autogenic processes that maintain high levels of near-surface wetness even during drought. Nonetheless, widespread drying and degradation of peatlands, particularly in Europe, has likely increased their vulnerability to burning in recent centuries. Consequently, peatland restoration efforts are important to mitigate the risk of peatland fire under a changing climate. Finally, we make recommendations for future research to improve our understanding of the controls on peatland fires.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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2.
  • Badurina, Boris, et al. (författare)
  • Digital collection for blind and visually impaired people
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Libraries in the digital age, The Internet: ethics and legal issues Information services - practice and research. - Zagreb.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The digital collection has been created to the purpose of ensuring better access to information for the blind and visually impaired. New technologies enable quick and simple access to information for this group of information users which had been so far restricted to slow and expensive process of material preparation (Braille texts, audio books, large print). Speech synthesis enables the blind to surf the World Wide Web and reach the information just as people who can see do. In order to make Internet retrieval efficient for all user categories (world statistics state that between 10% and 20% of population are people with different special needs), W3C Consortium has created guidelines (http://www.w3c.org/WAI/Resources) about ways in which web pages can be made accessible for all.
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