| 1. |
- de Haan, Anke, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and moderators of efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapies with a trauma focus in children and adolescents: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised trials
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health. - 2352-4642. ; 8:1, s. 28-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Existing clinical trials of cognitive behavioural therapies with a trauma focus (CBTs-TF) are underpowered to examine key variables that might moderate treatment effects. We aimed to determine the efficacy of CBTs-TF for young people, relative to passive and active control conditions, and elucidate putative individual-level and treatment-level moderators. Methods: This was an individual participant data meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomised studies in young people aged 6−18 years exposed to trauma. We included studies identified by the latest UK National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guidelines (completed on Jan 29, 2018) and updated their search. The search strategy included database searches restricted to publications between Jan 1, 2018, and Nov 12, 2019; grey literature search of trial registries ClinicalTrials.gov and ISRCTN; preprint archives PsyArXiv and bioRxiv; and use of social media and emails to key authors to identify any unpublished datasets. The primary outcome was post-traumatic stress symptoms after treatment (<1 month after the final session). Predominantly, one-stage random-effects models were fitted. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42019151954. Findings: We identified 38 studies; 25 studies provided individual participant data, comprising 1686 young people (mean age 13·65 years [SD 3·01]), with 802 receiving CBTs-TF and 884 a control condition. The risk-of-bias assessment indicated five studies as low risk and 20 studies with some concerns. Participants who received CBTs-TF had lower mean post-traumatic stress symptoms after treatment than those who received the control conditions, after adjusting for post-traumatic stress symptoms before treatment (b=−13·17, 95% CI −17·84 to −8·50, p<0·001, τ2=103·72). Moderation analysis indicated that this effect of CBTs-TF on post-traumatic stress symptoms post-treatment increased by 0·15 units (b=−0·15, 95% CI −0·29 to −0·01, p=0·041, τ2=0·03) for each unit increase in pre-treatment post-traumatic stress symptoms. Interpretation: This is the first individual participant data meta-analysis of young people exposed to trauma. Our findings support CBTs-TF as the first-line treatment, irrespective of age, gender, trauma characteristics, or carer involvement in treatment, with particular benefits for those with higher initial distress. Funding: Swiss National Science Foundation.
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| 2. |
- Strömwall, Leif, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Will the truth set them free? Suspects’ strategies during investigative interviews
- 2006
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Ingår i: ”3rd meeting of the Nordic Network of research on Psychology and Law” (Turku, Finland).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on both investigative interviewing and deception detection has largely overlooked the investigation of guilty and innocent suspects’ strategies when being interviewed. In this study, mock suspects (N = 96) were interviewed by trained interviewers about a mock crime. The lying suspects had committed a mock crime (a theft), whereas the truth-tellers had not. In an extensive post-interview questionnaire, the suspects answered both closed- and open-ended questions. The analytic focus was set on differences between truth-tellers and liars, and statistical tests showed several significant differences: lying suspects experienced the interviews more cognitively demanding than truth-telling suspects; liars had planned the verbal content more, and were less satisfied with their strategy than truth-tellers. Analyses revealed that lying suspects to a higher degree than innocent suspects applied strategies in order to appear truthful. The open-ended answers were subjected to content analyses. Differences between liars and truth-tellers were found for a number of items, such as reasons for not having a strategy and in the strategy chosen. Lying suspects reported diverse strategies (most often avoid lying and telling the truth as much as possible), whereas truth-telling suspects reported the strategy to tell the truth like it had happened, indicating a belief in the visibility of innocence. Furthermore, differences were found for what the suspects did in order to make the statement appear reliable, and if there was anything in the statements that signalled truth and deception, respectively. Both theoretical – the psychology of guilt and innocence – and applied aspects of the findings are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Cavonius-Rintahaka, D., et al.
(författare)
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Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Dialogical Family Guidance with Ordinary Clinical Treatment for Families with a Child with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2366-7532 .- 2366-7540. ; 6:1, s. 36-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Previous studies have highlighted the need to offer targeted interventions to strengthen the wellbeing of family members in families with children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Interventions for this target group require research and development. The purpose of this study was to test a new family intervention: Dialogical Family Guidance (DFG). Methods Families of children with NDD were randomized into an intervention group that was delivered DFG and a comparison group provided with ordinary clinical treatment. The Family Functioning, Family Health and Social Support (FAFHES) and the DFG instrument were used to collect data at baseline and after 3 months. Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used as an analytical strategy. Results There was a significant within-subjects effect of time on family health and social support, indicating that family health and social support increased in both groups over time. There was also a significant between-subjects effect of group and interaction between time and group on social support, indicating that social support increased more in the intervention group than in the control group. Managing in daily life and the relationship between parents were associated with family functioning and family health. Conclusion DFG can strengthen parental experiences of social support. Managing in daily life, relationship between parents, practical guidance, psychoeducation, dialogue, and receiving positive feedback on parenting were strengthening factors during DFG. However, the results of this study must be considered as only preliminary, as they relate only to parental perceptions of the intervention effects.
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| 4. |
- Roos Af Hjelmsäter, Emma, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Children’s memory and social influence:Mapping the relation between omission and commission errors
- 2007
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 4th annual meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law, Reykjavik, Iceland, 2007.10.06..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction and Aim Research has shown that social influence can create false memories. To a large extent this research has focused on how and when false memories can be planted (commission errors). There has been much less focus on the extent to which true memories can be ‘erased’ (omission errors) as a result of social influence. This is noteworthy since both commission and omission errors are of crucial importance in forensic settings. Hence, in the present study we used a design which allowed us to examine the relation between the two types of errors with respect to children’ memories of a real-life event. Method 174 children (7 or 12 years old) individually participated in a staged event (an interaction with a stranger outside his car), and two weeks later they were interviewed about their memory of the event. Before the interview, the children where subjected to misinformation (social influence) with respect to the event. Results The results showed that the children were more sensitive to social influence that aimed at planting ‘new’ information, than social influence that aimed at erasing ‘old’ information. Hence, with respect to the critical information studied, the children committed many more commission errors than omission errors. We also found that the children committed more commission errors with respect to peripheral details, compared to central details. The younger (7 yrs) and the older (12 yrs) children were equally sensitive to the social influence introduced. Conclusions Our study show an asymmetric memory effect due to social influence; much more commission errors than omission errors. Both the theoretical and applied contributions will be discussed.
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| 5. |
- Roos Af Hjelmsäter, Emma, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of social influence on children’s memory reports
- 2008
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the18th Conference of the European Association of Psychology and Law, 2-5 July 2008 in Maastricht, The Netherlands..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children in two age groups (7 vs. 12 yrs, N=174) each met with a stranger, and were later interviewed about this event. Before the interview, each child encountered one of two forms of social influence (from the same stranger whom they met just before the interview): either information suggesting (a) that a detail present in the event was actually not present (possibly leading to omission errors), or (b) that a non-present detail was actually present in the event (possibly leading to commission errors). The results showed that the social influence resulted in an asymmetric effect (i.e., more commission than omission errors). Importantly, we also found that the children committed more errors with respect to a peripheral detail (a suitcase), compared to a central detail (a passenger). We found no differences in terms of the effects of the social influence when comparing the two age groups.
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| 6. |
- Roos Af Hjelmsäter, Emma, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of social influence on children’s memory reports: The omission and commission error asymmetry
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 49:6, s. 507-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children in two age groups (7 vs. 12 yrs, N= 174) individually interacted with a stranger and were later interviewed about this event. Right before the interview, each child encountered the stranger once again and he engaged in a conversation where he either suggested that a (central or peripheral) detail originally present in the event had actually not been there or that an originally non-present (central or peripheral) detail had in fact been there. It was hypothesized that the two types of misinformation would result in omission and commission errors respectively. The results showed that the social influence resulted in an asymmetric effect (i.e., more commission than omission errors). Importantly, we also found that the children made more errors with respect to the peripheral detail (a suitcase), compared to the central detail (a passenger). Younger children did not make more errors (neither omission nor commission errors) than older children.
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| 7. |
- de Roos, Baukje, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting the delivery of dietary plant bioactives to those who would benefit most: from science to practical applications
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 58:53 (suppl. 2), s. 65-73
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background A healthy diet and optimal lifestyle choices are amongst the most important actions for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. Despite this, it appears difficult to convince consumers to select more nutritious foods. Furthermore, the development and production of healthier foods do not always lead to economic profits for the agro-food sector. Most dietary recommendations for the general population represent a "one-size-fits-all approach" which does not necessarily ensure that everyone has adequate exposure to health-promoting constituents of foods. Indeed, we now know that individuals show a high variability in responses when exposed to specific nutrients, foods, or diets. Purpose This review aims to highlight our current understanding of inter-individual variability in response to dietary bioactives, based on the integration of findings of the COST Action POSITIVe. We also evaluate opportunities for translation of scientific knowledge on inter-individual variability in response to dietary bioactives, once it becomes available, into practical applications for stakeholders, such as the agro-food industry. The potential impact from such applications will form an important impetus for the food industry to develop and market new high quality and healthy foods for specific groups of consumers in the future. This may contribute to a decrease in the burden of diet-related chronic diseases. Key messages Individual differences in ADME (Absorption, Digestion, Metabolism and Excretion) is believed to underpin much of the inter-individual variation in responses. Recent developments in the area of food metabolome databases and fast improvements in innovative metabotyping technologies hold great promise for improved profiling of dietary intake, exposure to individual ingredients, foods and dietary patterns, as well as our ability to identify individual responsiveness. The food industry needs well-defined population clusters or targets in order to be able to design "personalized products". There are indeed excellent industrial opportunities for foods that modulate gut microbiota, and thereby enable the delivery of food bioactive metabolites. It is currently not clear whether knowledge on individual nutrient needs, based on genetic or metagenomic data, would affect long-term dietary and health behaviours. Data to support the development of dietary recommendations may need to be generated by new n-of-1-based study designs in the future.
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| 8. |
- Engberg, Elina, et al.
(författare)
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Parental Happiness Associates With the Co-occurrence of Preschool-Aged Children’s Healthy Energy Balance-Related Behaviors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Happiness Studies. - : Springer Nature. - 1389-4978 .- 1573-7780. ; 23:4, s. 1493-1507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined whether parental happiness associate with preschoolers’ healthy energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs) and with the co-occurrence of multiple healthy EBRBs. This cross-sectional study included 647 pairs of parents (88% mothers) and children (mean age 4.7, SD 0.9 years). Parents completed the Subjective Happiness Scale. In addition, ActiGraph accelerometers measured children’s physical activity, and parents reported screen time and food consumption on behalf of their children. We defined four healthy EBRBs: meeting physical activity guidelines; meeting screen time guidelines; a higher consumption of vegetables, fruits and berries; and a lower consumption of sugary foods, treats and drinks. Parental happiness scores did not associate with children’s healthy EBRBs when each behavior was analyzed separately. However, parents with higher happiness scores were more likely to have a child with 2 or 3–4 healthy EBRBs than a child with 0–1 healthy EBRBs. To conclude, parents who are happier have children with multiple healthy EBRBs. Targeting parental wellbeing should be considered when promoting children’s healthy EBRBs.
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