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Sökning: WFRF:(Rosenberg L) > Samhällsvetenskap

  • Resultat 1-8 av 8
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1.
  • Schweinsberg, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Same data, different conclusions : Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0749-5978 .- 1095-9920. ; 165, s. 228-249
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists' gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for orga-nizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed.
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  • Fazey, Ioan, et al. (författare)
  • Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 70
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
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  • Knechtel, Maricel L, 1968- (författare)
  • Categorization Work in the Swedish Welfare State : Doctors and social insurance officers on persons with mental ill-health
  • 2019
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This dissertation contributes to the debate on street-level bureaucracy, which highlights how the decisions made by workers in public bureaucracies effectively become public policy. This debate has paid relatively little attention to the study of how professionals carry out their work by means of institutional categorization, a knowledge gap that this study helps to close. Moreover, this study contributes to the understanding of how persons with mental ill-health are matched with institutional categories.The aim of this dissertation is to shed light on the institutional categorization process involving persons with mental ill-health in two interrelated areas of welfare settings: primary healthcare and sickness insurance. To pursue this aim, 27 in-depth interviews with 30 participants (18 doctors and 12 social insurance officers) were performed. The interviews, which were based on vignettes – short hypothetical scenarios – made it possible to get insight into how doctors and social insurance officers would reason in a situation similar to that depicted in the vignette.This study emphasizes how discretion is exercised when individuals are matched with the institutional categories that doctors in primary health settings and social insurance officers have at their disposal. Ideally, this process is a rational process through which clients’ objective traits are assessed against the criteria that define the various institutional categories. However, the process is not straightforward; thus, different kinds of social mechanisms are linked to the processes of institutional categorization, such as signaling, screening, the logic of appropriateness, moral work, and discrimination. On a more practical level, this study emphasizes the difficulties imbued in the process of institutional categorization. There are multiple reasons for these difficulties. Human complexity is one of them: the interviewed professionals often work with situations that require responses to human dimensions, which are oftentimes too complicated to reduce to standard formats. Another reason for these difficulties has to do with the ambiguity and/or complexity of institutional category schemes. Moreover, the process of institutional categorization takes place in a context of conflicting demands and professional logics, both within a single organization and across the organizations that work together with respect to the same patient/client.Future research concerned with institutional categorization should address how persons with mental ill-health are matched with the institutional categories in other areas of welfare, such as social services and employment services. A deeper knowledge about how the various organizations of the welfare state match individuals with institutional categories, could bring us closer to an understanding of the problems of multi-organizational collaboration.
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5.
  • Heatherington, Laurie, et al. (författare)
  • Sustaining outcomes research in residential treatment : a 15-year study of the Gould Farm program
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Psychological services. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 1541-1559 .- 1939-148X. ; 6:4, s. 675-686
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present findings from a study of outcomes of residential treatment for people who have mental illness, primarily schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders. The study assesses a range of individual variables before and after participation in the program, to examine clinical and personal recovery and facilitate program improvement. To our knowledge, it is the longest ongoing outcomes study (15+ years) of its kind. The program, Gould Farm, provides recovery-focused, milieu treatment on a 700-acre working farm. It integrates counseling and medication with a work program that provides opportunities for the development of daily living, social, and work skills as well as mental and physical health. Clients were interviewed in person at intake and at discharge. Also, since study year 10 when the follow-up arm began, former clients were interviewed at 6, 18, and 36 months postdischarge via phone. Interview protocols included standard measures of psychiatric symptoms and functioning, substance use, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction. Follow-up interview protocols also assessed individuals’ living, working, family, and social situations as well as their satisfaction in these areas of recovery. Statistically significant improvements on all measures were found at discharge, and were not moderated by key demographic or clinical factors. Preliminary follow-up data showed maintenance of treatment gains, and high treatment satisfaction. We discuss clinical implications of the findings as well as limitations, directions for future research, and recommendations for sustaining outcomes research in organized care settings.
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