| 1. |
- Alves, Gustavo R., et al.
(författare)
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International Cooperation for Remote Laboratory Use
- 2018
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Ingår i: Contributions to Higher Engineering Education. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811089176 ; , s. 1-31
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimenting is fundamental to the training process of all scientists and engineers. While experiments have been traditionally done inside laboratories, the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies added two alternatives accessible anytime, anywhere. These two alternatives are known as virtual and remote laboratories and are sometimes indistinguishably referred as online laboratories. Similarly to other instructional technologies, virtual and remote laboratories require some effort from teachers in integrating them into curricula, taking into consideration several factors that affect their adoption (i.e., cost) and their educational effectiveness (i.e., benefit). This chapter analyzes these two dimensions and sustains the case where only through international cooperation it is possible to serve the large number of teachers and students involved in engineering education. It presents an example in the area of electrical and electronics engineering, based on a remote laboratory named Virtual Instruments System in Reality, and it then describes how a number of European and Latin American institutions have been cooperating under the scope of an Erasmus+ project, for spreading its use in Brazil and Argentina.
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| 2. |
- Kitchener, A.C., et al.
(författare)
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Systematics, evolution and genetics of bears
- 2020
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Ingår i: <em>Bears of the World: Ecology, Conservation, and Management</em>. - Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press. ; , s. 3-20
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Gurrani, Swapnil, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass Hydrolyzing Enzymes
- 2024
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Ingår i: <em>Biomass Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Basics, Advancements, and Applications</em>. - : CRC Press. ; , s. 3-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant, ubiquitous polymer on Earth available to benefit mankind. Biomass biorefinery has taken center stage in the world’s economy and is becoming diverse with time. With biorefinery, cascades of products can be obtained from biomass rather than a single product. It is a complex structure that consists of three polymers as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, linked to each other in a compact intricate manner making it difficult to be attacked by microorganisms. Still, many microorganisms have evolved strategies to consume this abundant material as an energy source. Degradation of lignocellulosic biomass is not only a survival strategy for these microbes, but its destruction also plays a pivotal role in carbon recycling of Earth through the fixation of photosynthetically fixed carbon present in plant biomass. Mankind has explored the capacity of microorganisms to produce polymer-degrading enzymes to deconstruct its basic components. Biomass-degrading enzymes have attracted researchers worldwide as this is the most sustainable way to obtain fermentable sugars from this most abundant biomass. Synergism among enzymes as well as their various components are presented along with challenges of biomass hydrolysis and probable solutions. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Reeta Rani Singhania, Anil Kumar Patel, Héctor A. Ruiz, Ashok Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors.
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| 4. |
- Larsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Law, Deviation and Paradigmatic Change: Copyright and its Metaphors
- 2010
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Ingår i: Technology for Facilitating Humanity and Combating Social Deviations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - 9781609600945 ; , s. 188-208
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on debates in Sweden about Internet freedom, particularly those connected to copyright and file sharing, and on the European legislative trend of amending copyright, this chapter analyses metaphors and conceptions in terms of a societal paradigmatic shift and the collision of mentalities. Kuhnian paradigms are wedded with the mentalities of the French Annales School of historic research. The chapter argues that the “building blocks” of these mentalities and paradigms can be studied in metaphors, in public debates or in legislation, which may reveal the conceptions they emanate from. This chapter touches upon ethical, moral and legal issues related to the digitalization of society. The relevancy of this chapter in relation to the theme of the book is found in the conceptualization of “deviancy”. One has to ask from what perspective or paradigm the judgment of the behavior takes place, and in what historical context it is made.
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| 5. |
- Miettinen, Kaisa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction to Multiobjective Optimization : Interactive Approaches
- 2008
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Ingår i: Multiobjective Optimization. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. ; , s. 27-57
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We give an overview of interactive methods developed for solving nonlinear multiobjective optimization problems. In interactive methods, a decision maker plays an important part and the idea is to support her/him in the search for the most preferred solution. In interactive methods, steps of an iterative solution algorithm are repeated and the decision maker progressively provides preference information so that the most preferred solution can be found. We identify three types of specifying preference information in interactive methods and give some examples of methods representing each type. The types are methods based on trade-off information, reference points and classification of objective functions.
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| 6. |
- Moreno, L. V., et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Smart Homes in Intelligent Homecare and Healthcare Environments
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambient Assisted Living and Enhanced Living Environments. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 9780128052822 - 9780128051955 ; , s. 345-394
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The smart home concept offers a world of possibilities in the development of context-aware homes able to take intelligent decisions and respond autonomously according to the environmental situation at any moment. Artificial intelligence provides ad hoc concepts and techniques that support this view from a computational perspective. However, research on smart homes has traditionally prioritized network and hardware-based solutions. Thus, the ambient assisted living (AAL) paradigm has focused more on active ageing approaches aimed at building safer environments that seek to promote elderly people or people with disabilities benefiting from more independent living in their own homes. AAL provides important opportunities to deliver information and communication technology-based services that improve quality of life and personal autonomy, such as proactive monitoring of users and environments; smart control of physiological measures; detection of abnormal situations; and customization according to each user's needs and preferences. This chapter includes the main building blocks and their interrelationship that is required to create a sustainable and replicable people-centered smart home.
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| 7. |
- Nordberg, Gunnar F, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions and Mixtures in Metal Toxicology
- 2015. - 4
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Ingår i: Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. - : Academic Press. - 9780123982926 ; , s. 213-238
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human exposures to metals, metalloids, and their compounds frequently occur as mixtures, and hence it is important to consider the joint action of these elements in terms of both mechanisms of action and risk assessment purposes. The joint action of these elements may produce additive, synergistic/potentiating, or antagonistic effects that may be manifested as direct cellular toxicity (necrosis or apoptosis) or carcinogenicity. Dose-response relationships may be further influenced by constitutive factors such as age, sex, and the expression of specific proteins. Mechanisms of importance for the development of potentiated or antagonistic toxicity are the expression of metal-binding proteins (metallothioneins or lead-binding proteins) and interference with metal transporters such as DMT-1 and ZIP. Compared to men, women of childbearing age absorb more Cd from the gastrointestinal tract because they have lower iron stores than men. Another example of synergism that occurs in humans is the one between inorganic arsenic and cadmium in inducing kidney toxicity. In many cases, however, direct primary data on the joint action of toxic or essential elements are lacking, and so innovative derivative methods such as the binary weight-of-evidence method have been used to predict potential interactions among groups of metals and metalloids. At present, there is much to be learned about the joint action of both toxic and essential elements, and this is clearly a critical area of research.
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| 8. |
- Nordberg, Gunnar F., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions and mixtures in metal toxicology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals: Volume I: General Considerations. - London : Elsevier. - 9780128232927 ; , s. 319-347
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human exposures to metals, metalloids, and their compounds frequently occur as mixtures; therefore, the joint action of these elements should be considered with respect to mechanisms of action and risk assessment. When present at the same time in a system, multiple chemicals can influence toxicity. The joint action of metallic elements may produce additive, synergistic/potentiating, or antagonistic effects manifesting in an overall toxicity, differing from that of individual components of the mixture. Dose-response relationships may be further influenced by constitutive factors such as age, sex, and the expression of specific proteins. Mechanisms of importance for the development of potentiated or antagonistic toxicity include the expression of metal-binding proteins (metallothioneins or lead-binding proteins) and interference with metal transporters such as Divalent Metal Transporter (DMT-1) and the ZIP family of zinc transporting proteins. Compared to men, women of childbearing age generally absorb more Cd from the gastrointestinal tract because they typically have lower iron stores than men. Another example of synergism that occurs in humans is when inorganic arsenic and cadmium together induce kidney toxicity. In many cases, however, direct primary data on the joint action of toxic or essential elements are lacking, and so innovative derivative methods such as the binary weight-of-evidence method have been used to predict potential interactions among groups of metals and metalloids. Using this method, broad recommendations can be made for assessing the potential impact of interactions on the public health assessment of environmental mixtures. At present, there is much to be learned about the joint action of both toxic and essential elements, and this is clearly a critical area of research.
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| 9. |
- Nordberg, Gunnar F., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions in Metal Toxicology
- 2007. - 3
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Ingår i: Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, 3rd Edition. - San Diego : Elsevier. - 9780123694133 ; , s. 117-145
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Human exposures to metals and metalloids such as arsenic frequently occur as mixtures, and hence it is important to consider interactions among these elements in terms of both mechanisms of action and for risk assessment purposes. Interactions among these elements may produce additive, synergistic/potentiative, or antagonistic effects that may be manifested as direct cellular toxicity (necrosis or apoptosis) or carcinogenicity. Dose-response relationships may further be influenced by constitutive factors such as age, sex, and the expression of specific proteins. The roles of molecular factors regulated by specific genes (so called gene-environment interactions) for the expression of metal toxicity are known only to a limited extent for most metals. However, for chronic beryllium disease causing fibrosis of the lung, it has been shown that beryllium sensitization, a prerequisite for developing the disease, depends on an antigen-specific immune response occurring predominantly among persons with a specific HLA-DBP1 genotype. Some gene-environment interactions in terms of genetic polymorphisms have been demonstrated such as those involving ALAD and arsenic methyl transferases, but the importance of these observations for development of human diseases has not been fully explored. Mechanisms of importance for interactions and the development of toxicity are the expression of metal-binding proteins (metallothioneins or lead-binding proteins). In many cases, direct primary data on interactions among toxic or essential elements are lacking, and so innovative derivative methods such as the binary weight of evidence (BINWOE) method have been used to predict potential interactions among groups of metals and metalloids. At present, there is much to be learned about interactions among both toxic and essential elements, but this is clearly a critical area of research.
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