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- Bonde, J P E, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational risk of COVID-19 in foreign-born employees in Denmark
- 2023
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Ingår i: Occupational Medicine. - : Oxford University Press. - 0962-7480 .- 1471-8405.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Foreign-born workers in high-income countries experience higher rates of COVID-19 but the causes are only partially known. AIMS: To examine if the occupational risk of COVID-19 in foreign-born workers deviates from the risk in native-born employees in Denmark. METHODS: Within a registry-based cohort of all residents employed in Denmark (n = 2 451 542), we identified four-digit DISCO-08 occupations associated with an increased incidence of COVID-19-related hospital admission during 2020-21 (at-risk occupations). The sex-specific prevalence of at-risk employment in foreign born was compared with the prevalence in native born. Moreover, we examined if the country of birth modified the risk of a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and COVID-19-related hospital admission in at-risk occupations. RESULTS: Workers born in low-income countries and male workers from Eastern Europe more often worked in at-risk occupations (relative risks between 1.16 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.14-1.17] and 1.87 [95% CI 1.82-1.90]). Being foreign-born modified the adjusted risk of PCR test positivity (test for interaction P < 0.0001), primarily because of higher risk in at-risk occupations among men born in Eastern European countries (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.39 [95% CI 2.09-2.72] versus IRR 1.19 [95% CI 1.14-1.23] in native-born men). For COVID-19-related hospital admission, no overall interaction was seen, and in women, country of birth did not consistently modify the occupational risk. CONCLUSIONS: Workplace viral transmission may contribute to an excess risk of COVID-19 in male workers born in Eastern Europe, but most foreign-born employees in at-risk occupations seem not to be at higher occupational risk than native born.
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| 2. |
- Hagmar, L, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma concentrations of persistent organochlorines in relation to thyrotropin and thyroid hormone levels in women
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 74:3, s. 8-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: There is a concern that persistent organohalogen toxicants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), might display endocrine-disrupting effects in exposed populations. In this study the correlations between PCBs and thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormone concentrations in plasma were assessed in adult women.METHODS: The study group consisted of 182 fishermen's wives from the Swedish east coast, with a median age of 42 years (range 23-62) and a median current consumption of contaminated fatty fish from the Baltic Sea of two meals per month (range 0-12). TSH, free (FT3) and total (TT3) triiodothyronine and free (FT4) and total (TT4) thyroxin in plasma were analyzed by immunofluorometric assays, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) in plasma was analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Twenty other PCB and two hydroxy-PCB congeners were analyzed in subgroups of the women. Plasma lipid analyses were performed with enzymatic techniques.RESULTS: The CB-153 concentration in plasma (range 16-776 ng/g lipid) was negatively correlated with the TT3 concentrations (range 1.0-3.0 nmol/l, rs = -0.29, P < 0.001). This association remained after age adjustment.CONCLUSIONS: The present study gives some support for the notion that dietary exposure to persistent organochlorine compounds (POCs) might weakly affect peripheral thyroid hormone concentrations in adult women.
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| 7. |
- Rylander, L, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality and cancer incidence among women with a high consumption of fatty fish contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds
- 1995
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 21:6, s. 26-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess cancer incidence and cardiovascular mortality among women with a high dietary intake of fatty fish from the Baltic Sea (on the Swedish east coast), contaminated with persistent organochlorine compounds.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cohorts of fishermen's wives from the Swedish east (1989 subjects) and west (6605 subjects) coasts were established. The mortality and cancer incidence were studied in these cohorts, and comparisons were made with respective regional populations and between the cohorts. Dietary interviews were made with 200 randomly selected cohort women and equally many women from the general population. The interviewed east- and westcoast cohort women ate locally caught fatty fish at least twice as often as their referents.RESULTS: Compared with that of the regional population, the breast cancer incidence was higher than expected in the eastcoast cohort [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.96-1.71], whereas it was lower in the westcoast cohort (SIR 0.89; 95% CI 0.77-1.04). When a direct comparison was made between the two cohorts, the eastcoast women displayed an increased breast cancer incidence (incidence rate ratio 1.35, 95% CI 0.98-1.86). No obvious difference was seen between the two cohorts concerning cardiovascular mortality.CONCLUSIONS: The results support, but do not prove, the hypothesis of an association between exposure to a mixture of persistent organochlorine compounds through fish consumption and an increased risk for breast cancer.
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| 8. |
- Wallin, H, et al.
(författare)
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Altered aromatic amine metabolism in epileptic patients treated with phenobarbital
- 1995
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Ingår i: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. - 1055-9965. ; 4:7, s. 3-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fate of carcinogens differs among individuals who have different activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes that are important in activating and detoxifying carcinogens. A drug that profoundly alters the metabolism of the drugs and carcinogens is the anticonvulsive agent phenobarbital. To investigate why epileptic patients appear to have a low risk of cancer of the urinary bladder, and on the basis of the observation that levels of aromatic amine-hemoglobin adducts are strongly associated with various risk factors for cancer at that site, we determined aromatic amine-hemoglobin adducts in 62 epileptic patients as a surrogate measure of the reaction of carcinogenic metabolites with DNA in target tissue. Although adducts were detected in all subjects, the levels were proportional to daily tobacco consumption. When the subjects were stratified into groups smoking 20 g tobacco/day or more, smoking <20 g/day, and not smoking, an effect of medication was detected. Epileptic patients treated chronically with phenobarbital or primidone, which is effectively metabolized to phenobarbital, were found to have lower levels of 4-aminobiphenyl adducts than patients on the other treatment (P = 0.02; ANOVA). In nonsmokers, no effect of medication could be demonstrated above background variation; however, an increasing effect was seen with tobacco consumption with only one-half the increase in adducts per g of tobacco smoked as epileptic patients on other treatment. The difference in the increases (slopes of regression lines) was highly significant statistically. This reduction in the level of hemoglobin-aromatic amine adducts is probably due to induction of detoxification enzymes in the patients treated with phenobarbital.
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| 9. |
- Fjalldal, S., et al.
(författare)
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Detailed assessment of hypothalamic damage in craniopharyngioma patients with obesity
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 43:3, s. 533-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/objectives: Hypothalamic obesity (HO) occurs in 50% of patients with the pituitary tumor craniopharyngioma (CP). Attempts have been made to predict the risk of HO based on hypothalamic (HT) damage on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but none have included volumetry. We performed qualitative and quantitative volumetric analyses of HT damage. The results were explored in relation to feeding related peptides and body fat. Subjects/methods: A cross-sectional study of childhood onset CPs involving 3 Tesla MRI, was performed at median 22 years after first operation; 41 CPs, median age 35 (range: 17–56), of whom 23 had HT damage, were compared to 32 controls. After exclusions, 35 patients and 31 controls remained in the MRI study. Main outcome measures were the relation of metabolic parameters to HT volume and qualitative analyses of HT damage. Results: Metabolic parameters scored persistently very high in vascular risk particularly among HT damaged patients. Patients had smaller HT volumes compared to controls 769 (35–1168) mm3 vs. 879 (775–1086) mm3; P < 0.001. HT volume correlated negatively with fat mass and leptin among CP patients (rs = −0.67; P <.001; rs = −0.53; P = 0.001), and explained 39% of the variation in fat mass. For every 100 mm3 increase in HT volume fat mass decreased by 2.7 kg (95% CI: 1.5–3.9; P < 0.001). Qualitative assessments revealed HT damage in three out of six patients with normal volumetry, but HT damage according to operation records. Conclusions: A decrease in HT volume was associated with an increase in fat mass and leptin. We present a method with a high inter-rater reliability (0.94) that can be applied by nonradiologists for the assessment of HT damage. The method may be valuable in the risk assessment of diseases involving the HT.
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| 10. |
- Fjalldal, S., et al.
(författare)
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Microstructural white matter alterations and hippocampal volumes are associated with cognitive deficits in craniopharyngioma
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 178:6, s. 577-587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Patients with craniopharyngioma (CP) and hypothalamic lesions (HL) have cognitive deficits. Which neural pathways are affected is unknown. Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between microstructural white matter (WM) alterations detected with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and cognition in adults with childhood-onset CP. Design: A cross-sectional study with a median follow-up time of 22 (6-49) years after operation. Setting: The South Medical Region of Sweden (2.5 million inhabitants). Participants: Included were 41 patients (24 women, amp;gt;= 17 years) surgically treated for childhood-onset CP between 1958-2010 and 32 controls with similar age and gender distributions. HI was found in 23 patients. Main outcome measures: Subjects performed cognitive tests and magnetic resonance imaging, and images were analyzed using DTI of uncinate fasciculus, fornix, cingulum, hippocampus and hypothalamus as well as hippocampal volumetry. Results: Right uncinate fasciculus was significantly altered (P amp;lt;= 0.01) Microstructural WM alterations in left ventral cingulum were significantly associated with worse performance in visual episodic memory, explaining approximately 50% of the variation. Alterations in dorsal cingulum were associated with worse performance in immediate, delayed recall and recognition, explaining 26-38% of the variation, and with visuospatial ability and executive function, explaining 19-29%. Patients who had smaller hippocampal volume had worse general knowledge (P = 0.028), and microstructural WM alterations in hippocampus were associated with a decline in general knowledge and episodic visual memory. Conclusions: A structure to function relationship is suggested between microstructural WM alterations in cingulum and in hippocampus with cognitive deficits in CP.
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