| 1. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Body weight at age 20 and in midlife is more important than weight gain for coronary atherosclerosis: Results from SCAPIS.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 373, s. 46-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elevated body weight in adolescence is associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, weight in midlife or to weight gain is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of midlife coronary atherosclerosis being associated with body weight at age 20, body weight in midlife and body weight change.We used data from 25,181 participants with no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedure in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, mean age 57 years, 51% women). Data on coronary atherosclerosis, self-reported body weight at age 20 and measured midlife weight were recorded together with potential confounders and mediators. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and expressed as segment involvement score (SIS).The probability of having coronary atherosclerosis was markedly higher with increasing weight at age 20 and with mid-life weight (p<0.001 for both sexes). However, weight increase from age 20 until mid-life was only modestly associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The association between weight gain and coronary atherosclerosis was mainly seen in men. However, no significant sex difference could be detected when adjusting for the 10-year delay in disease development in women.Similar in men and women, weight at age 20 and weight in midlife are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis while weight increase from age 20 until midlife is only modestly related to coronary atherosclerosis.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Report Tool for Identification of Individuals With Coronary Atherosclerosis : The Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : American Heart Association. - 2047-9980. ; 13:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerosis detected by imaging is a marker of elevated cardiovascular risk. However, imaging involves large resources and exposure to radiation. The aim was, therefore, to test whether nonimaging data, specifically data that can be self-reported, could be used to identify individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish CardioPulmonary BioImage Study) in individuals with coronary computed tomography angiography (n=25 182) and coronary artery calcification score (n=28 701), aged 50 to 64 years without previous ischemic heart disease. We developed a risk prediction tool using variables that could be assessed from home (self-report tool). For comparison, we also developed a tool using variables from laboratory tests, physical examinations, and self-report (clinical tool) and evaluated both models using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, external validation, and benchmarked against factors in the pooled cohort equation. The self-report tool (n=14 variables) and the clinical tool (n=23 variables) showed high-to-excellent discriminative ability to identify a segment involvement score ≥4 (area under the curve 0.79 and 0.80, respectively) and significantly better than the pooled cohort equation (area under the curve 0.76, P<0.001). The tools showed a larger net benefit in clinical decision-making at relevant threshold probabilities. The self-report tool identified 65% of all individuals with a segment involvement score ≥4 in the top 30% of the highest-risk individuals. Tools developed for coronary artery calcification score ≥100 performed similarly. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a self-report tool that effectively identifies individuals with moderate to severe coronary atherosclerosis. The self-report tool may serve as prescreening tool toward a cost-effective computed tomography-based screening program for high-risk individuals.
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| 3. |
- Cornelis, Marilyn C, et al.
(författare)
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Targeted proteomic analysis of habitual coffee consumption
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 283:2, s. 200-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Coffee drinking has been implicated in mortality and a variety of diseases but potential mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. Large-scale systems epidemiological approaches may offer novel insights to mechanisms underlying associations of coffee with health.OBJECTIVE: We performed an analysis of known and novel protein markers linked to cardiovascular disease and their association with habitual coffee intake in the Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS, n=816) and followed-up top proteins in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, n=635) and EpiHealth (n=2418).METHODS: In PIVUS and ULSAM, coffee intake was measured by 7-day dietary records while a computer-based food frequency questionnaire was used in EpiHealth. Levels of up to 80 proteins were assessed in plasma by a proximity extension assay.RESULTS: Four protein-coffee associations adjusted for age, sex, smoking and BMI, met statistical significance in PIVUS (FDR<5%, P<2.31×10(-3) ): leptin (LEP), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 6 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. The inverse association between coffee intake and LEP replicated in ULSAM (β, -0.042 SD per cup of coffee, P=0.028) and EpiHealth (β, -0.025 SD per time of coffee, P=0.004). The negative coffee-CHI3L association replicated in EpiHealth (β, -0.07, P=1.15×10(-7) ), but not in ULSAM (β, -0.034, P=0.16).CONCLUSIONS: The current study supports an inverse association between coffee intake and plasma LEP and CHI3L1 levels. The coffee-CHI3L1 association is novel and warrants further investigation given links between CHI3L1 and health conditions that are also potentially influenced by coffee.
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| 4. |
- Gustafsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Adiponectin and cardiac geometry and function in elderly : results from two community-based cohort studies
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 162:3, s. 543-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Several smaller studies have indicated that adiponectin might be associated with left ventricular (LV) mass and function, but community-based studies with adequate sample size and adjustment for potential confounders are lacking. Our objective was to investigate such associations in two large community-based studies of elderly. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: We evaluated cross-sectional relations between serum adiponectin and echocardiographic measures of cardiac geometry and function (LV mass index, LV relative wall thickness, LV end-diastolic diameter, left atrial diameter, ejection fraction, LV isovolumic relaxation time, and E/A ratio) in 954 70-year-old participants (50% women) of the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS), and in 427 71-year-old men from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM). RESULTS: In models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, antidiabetic treatment, lipid-lowering medication, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, and smoking, adiponectin was inversely associated with ejection fraction in men (beta, -1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.50, -0.75 in PIVUS; beta, -1.35; 95% CI, -2.41, -0.29 in ULSAM), but not in women. After additional adjustment for N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), the association between adiponectin and ejection fraction was attenuated (beta, -0.98; 95% CI, -1.86, -0.10 in PIVUS; beta, -0.75; 95% CI, -1.84, 0.35 in ULSAM). CONCLUSIONS: Serum adiponectin concentrations were associated with ejection fraction in men, and these associations were partially attenuated by NT-proBNP. Our results imply that adiponectin may be associated with systolic function through pathways that involve natriuretic peptides.
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of circulating adiponectin with measures of vascular function and morphology
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 95:6, s. 2927-2934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Some previous studies have reported an association between circulating adiponectin and selected measures of vascular function and morphology, but most of these studies have been performed in small samples of patients with preexisting disease. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate associations between circulating adiponectin and comprehensive measures of vascular function and morphology in a large sample of individuals from the community. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a cross-sectional investigation of 981 70-yr-old participants (50% women) of the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures of outcome included vascular function [common carotid artery (CCA) distensibility, flow-mediated dilation, endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation using invasive methods] and vascular morphology [intima-media (IM) thickness, plaque presence, gray scale median (GSM) in the IM and plaques]. RESULTS: In age- and sex-adjusted models, adiponectin was positively associated with IM-GSM, plaque GSM, CCA distensibility, endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation. In multivariable models (with additional adjustment for body mass index; systolic blood pressure; antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and lipid-lowering medication; fasting blood glucose; total cholesterol; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; creatinine; and smoking), adiponectin remained positively associated with IM-GSM [beta = 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54, 3.58], plaque GSM (beta = 3.11; 95% CI, 0.36, 5.86), and CCA distensibility (beta = 0.04; 95% CI, 0.00, 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Serum levels of adiponectin were positively associated with IM-GSM and plaque GSM (indicating lower fat content in the IM and plaques) and CCA distensibility (indicating higher wall elasticity), independent of potential confounders. Our results imply that adiponectin is associated with less arterial pathology.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Relation to Circulating Levels of Adiponectin
- 2013
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 21:7, s. 1467-1473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Previous epidemiological studies together with animal studies have suggested an association between adiponectin and oxidative stress and inflammation, but community-based studies are lacking. Our objective was to investigate the relative importance of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, representing different pathways in relation to adiponectin. Design and Methods: In a cross-sectional sample of 929 70-year-old individuals (50% women) of the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study, relations between serum adiponectin and oxidative stress [conjugated dienes (CD), homocysteine, total antioxidant capacity, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), OxLDL antibodies, baseline CD of LDL, glutathione (GSH), total glutathione (TGSH), glutathione disulfide], circulation interleukins (IL-6, IL-8), other cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor], cell adhesion molecules (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, L-selectin), and systemic inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte count] in separate models were investigated. Results: In age- and sex-adjusted, as well as multivariable-adjusted models, adiponectin was significantly and positively associated with GSH, log TGSH, whereas an inverse association was observed for CD and log EGF. An inverse association between adiponectin and MCP-1, log E-selectin, and log CRP was significant in age- and sex-adjusted models, but not in multivariable-adjusted models. Conclusions: Our results imply that higher levels of adiponectin are associated with a more beneficial oxidative stress profile, with higher levels of principal anti-oxidative GSH and total GSH together with lower levels of lipid peroxidation, possibly through shared pathways. Further studies are needed to investigate whether changes in the oxidative stress profile may be a mechanism linking adiponectin with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease.
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| 7. |
- King, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19—a very visible pandemic
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 396:10248, s. 15-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Persson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Sex-Specific Effects of Adiponectin on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 2047-9980. ; 4:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background-Plasma adiponectin levels have previously been inversely associated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. In this study, we used a sex-stratified Mendelian randomization approach to investigate whether adiponectin has a causal protective influence on IMT. Methods and Results-Baseline plasma adiponectin concentrationwas tested for association with baseline IMT, IMT progression over 30 months, and occurrence of cardiovascular events within 3 years in 3430 participants (women, n=1777; men, n=1653) with high cardiovascular risk but no prevalent disease. Plasma adiponectin levels were inversely associated with baseline mean bifurcation IMT after adjustment for established risk factors (beta=-0.018, P<0.001) in men but not in women (beta=-0.006, P=0.185; P for interaction=0.061). Adiponectin levels were inversely associated with progression of mean common carotid IMT in men (beta=-0.0022, P=0.047), whereas no association was seen in women (0.0007, P=0.475; P for interaction=0.018). Moreover, we observed that adiponectin levels were inversely associated with coronary events in women (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.87) but not in men (hazard ratio 0.82,95% CI0.54 to 1.25). Agenescore of adiponectin-raisingalleles in6loci, reported recently inalarge multi-ethnic metaanalysis, was inversely associated with baseline mean bifurcation IMT in men (beta=-0.0008, P=0.004) but not in women (beta=-0.0003, P=0.522; P for interaction=0.007). Conclusions-This report provides some evidence for adiponectin protecting against atherosclerosis, with effects being confined to men; however, compared with established cardiovascular risk factors, the effect of plasma adiponectin was modest. Further investigation involving mechanistic studies is warranted.
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| 9. |
- Söderberg, Anne-Catherine, et al.
(författare)
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Combination therapy with low-dose transpupillary thermotherapy and intravitreal ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration : a 24-month prospective randomised clinical study
- 2012
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Ingår i: British Journal of Ophthalmology. - : BMJ. - 0007-1161 .- 1468-2079. ; 96:5, s. 714-718
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To compare the effect of combined low-dose transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) and intravitreal ranibizumab with sham TTT and intravitreal ranibizumab in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: A 24-month, double-masked, randomised, active-controlled clinical trial. 100 patients with primary neovascular AMD were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravitreal ranibizumab and sham TTT or intravitreal ranibizumab and low-dose TTT. After an initial loading phase of ranibizumab patients were assigned to receive quarterly low-dose TTT (136 mW/mm) or sham TTT for 24 months. Retreatment with ranibizumab was allowed in both treatment groups using a variable dosing regimen. The primary endpoint was the number of intravitreal injections with ranibizumab. Secondary endpoints included change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central retinal thickness (CRT) and lesion area. RESULTS: In the per protocol (PP) population (78 patients) the mean number of ranibizumab injections was 8.0 in the sham TTT group versus 6.3 in the TTT group (p<0.05). The mean number of injections between 0-12 months and 13-24 months was 4.8 versus 4.6 (p>0.05) and 3.2 versus 1.7 (p<0.01) in the sham TTT and TTT groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA (+4.0 vs +0.9 ETDRS letters), CRT (-49.9% vs -36.4%) or lesion area (-0.3% vs -10.6%) between the treatment groups at the final examination. The results of the intent-to-treat population (92 patients) were similar to the PP population. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with low-dose TTT significantly reduced the number or intravitreal injections of ranibizumab over 24 months. The results suggest that low-dose TTT can serve as an adjuvant in combination with intravitreal ranibizumab for neovascular AMD.
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| 10. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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