| 1. |
- Acharya, B. S., et al.
(författare)
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Introducing the CTA concept
- 2013
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 43, s. 3-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a new observatory for very high-energy (VHE) gamma rays. CTA has ambitions science goals, for which it is necessary to achieve full-sky coverage, to improve the sensitivity by about an order of magnitude, to span about four decades of energy, from a few tens of GeV to above 100 TeV with enhanced angular and energy resolutions over existing VHE gamma-ray observatories. An international collaboration has formed with more than 1000 members from 27 countries in Europe, Asia, Africa and North and South America. In 2010 the CTA Consortium completed a Design Study and started a three-year Preparatory Phase which leads to production readiness of CTA in 2014. In this paper we introduce the science goals and the concept of CTA, and provide an overview of the project. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Drake, Henrik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporation of Metals into Calcite in a Deep Anoxic Granite Aquifer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851 .- 1086-931X .- 1520-6912. ; 52:2, s. 493-502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding metal scavenging by calcite in deep aquifers in granite is of importance for deciphering and modeling hydrochemical fluctuations and water rock interaction in the upper crust and for retention mechanisms associated With underground, repositories for toxic wastes. Metal scavenging into calcite has generally been established in the laboratory or in natural environments that cannot be unreservedly applied to conditions in deep crystalline rocks, an environment of broad interest, for nuclear waste repositories. Here, we report a microanalytical study: of calcite precipitated over a period of 17 years from anoxic, low-temperature (14 degrees C), neutral (pH: 7.4-7.7), and brackish (Cl: 1700-7100 mg/L) groundwater flowing in fractures at >400 m depth in granite rock. This enabled assessment of the trace metal uptake by calcite under these deep-seated conditions. Aquatic speciation modeling was carried out to assess influence of metal complexation on the partitioning into calcite. The resulting environment-specific partition coefficients were for several divalent ions in line with values obtained in controlled laboratory experiments, whereas for several other ions they differed substantially. High absolute uptake of rare earth elements and U(IV) suggests that coprecipitation into calcite can be an important sink for these metals and analogousactinides in the vicinity of geological repositories.
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| 3. |
- Drake, Henrik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporation of trace elements into calcite precipitated from deep anoxic groundwater in fractured granitoid rocks
- 2017
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Ingår i: Procedia Earth and Planetary Science. 15th Water-Rock Interaction International Symposium (WRI). Evora, Portugal, OCT 16-21, 2016.. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5220. ; , s. 841-844
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An extensive microanalytical study of calcite precipitated from groundwater flowing into boreholes at >400 m depth in the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden, has been carried out. Hydrochemical variations in packed-off sections, isolating water-conducting fractures intersected by two boreholes, were documented over a period of 17 years. The extraction of the borehole equipment revealed calcite precipitation on the equipment. This mineral material enabled unique assessment of uptake of different trace elements by calcite during precipitation from granitoid fracture groundwater, at anoxic, low-temperature (c.a 14 degrees C), and neutral (pH: 7.4-7.7) conditions, under variable salinity (Cl: 2500-7000 mg/L) prevailing at these depths. Temporal hydrochemical variations could be traced by detailed micro-analytical transects in the calcites and the influence of metal speciation and complexation on partitioning into calcite could be assessed (e.g. explaining unexpectedly low incorporation of REEs). The resulting environment-specific partition coefficients for a large number of metals are relevant in models of radionuclide retention around proposed deep nuclear waste repositories in this kind of environment, particularly because 1) elements such as REEs act as natural analogues to actinides, and 2) existing coefficients established in laboratory or in other natural environments cannot be unreservedly applied to conditions in deep crystalline rocks.
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